THYROID GLAND

THYROID GLAND

1. ANATOMY

2. HISTOLOGY

3. PARATHYROID GLAND

   • lies on the dorsal surface of the thyroid gland, releases parathyroid hormone (PTH)

4. DYSFUNCTION

   • HYPER
     • GRAVE'S DISEASE
       • TREATMENT
       • an autoimmune disorder characterized by autoantibodies against the TSH receptor
         • TRIAD
           • thyrotoxicosis + pretibial myxedmea
           • exophthalmus
   • HYPO
     • HASHIMOTO'S THYRODITIS
       • condition where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland consisting of an early goitrous phase and an atrophic phase
     • in children: cretinism
     • in adults: myxedmea
     • TREATMENT
       • thyroxine supplements
         • liothyronine
         • levothyroxine

5. HORMONES

   • CALCITONIN
     • effect on tissues
   • THRYOXINE
     • T3
       • triiodothyronine (active form)
     • T4
       • tetraiodothyronine
     • synthesis
     • EFFECT
       • CNS maturation, critical in perinatal period
       • increases BMR
       • increases growth
       • metabolism of lipids & glucose, net catabolic effect on proteins
       • increases heart rate & cardiac output
   • secreted under the influence of TSH

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