Deep Venous Thrombosis

Deep Venous Thrombosis

1. Pathophysiology

   • Activation of blood coagulation
   • Vein damage
   • Venous Stasis

2. Treatment

   • Anticoagulant therapy
     • Heparin, warfarin, Factor Xa inhibitors
       • Fondaparinux, Rivaroxaban
       • LMWH (enoxaparin),UFH
   • Endovascular and Surgical Interventions
     • Pharmacologic thrombolysis
     • Thrombolysis
     • Mechanical Thrombectomy
     • Angioplasty and stenting
     • IVC filter

3. Diagnosis

   • D-Dimer Testing
   • Coagulation profile
   • Ultrasonography
   • Diagnostic Imaging
     • CT scan
       • Ventilation-Perfusion (V/Q) scan
     • Pulmonary angiography
   • Genetic Laboratory Testing
   • Venography
   • Wells Clincal Predictor

4. Epidemiology

   • Common cause of morbidity and mortality
     • 1 out of 20 people develop DVT over lifetime
       • Existing data suggest 80 cases per 100,000 annually
         • Usually affects those over 40 years old
         • Male-to-female ratio is 1:2:1( higher risk in males)
           • Increase with age in both sexes
   • Exact incidence is not unknown due to limited studies

5. Clinical Manifestations

   • Positive Homans sign
     • Pain, warmth, and edema of limb
       • Variable discoloration of limb
   • "Silent" pulmonary embolism
   • Visible veins
   • Symptoms of PE
     • SOB, chest pain, rapid breathing, hemoptysis

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