The Old Regime, Enlightment and Spain.

The Old Regime, Enlightment and Spain.

1. The Enlightment

   • Ideas
     • Reason
       • Criticised nobility and clergy
       • Criticised guilds
     • Natural Rights
       • Individual liberty
       • Equality against the law
     • Knowledge
       • Key to happiness
       • Archived through reason
         • Gave greater importance to education
     • Tolerance
   • Thinkers
     • Montesquieu
     • Voltaire
     • Rousseau
     • John Locke
   • Enlightened depostism
     • Absolute Monarchs were influenced by Enlightened ideals.
       • Founded new educational Institutions
       • Expropiated unused lands to make them more productive
       • Modernized bureocracies and strengthened administration.

2. The Old Regime

   • Society divided in 3 estates:
     • Nobility
       • High Nobility
       • Low Nobility
     • Clergy
       • High Clergy
       • Low Clergy
     • Commoners
       • Bourgeoisie
       • Peasantry
     • Lack of mobility
     • Privilege
       • The upper social classes didn't pay taxes
   • Land & The Agrarian Sector
     • Substinence farming
     • Basic Tools
     • Land owned by the noblemen and clergy
     • Main cultivation: Grains
     • Bad Harvests
       • Widespread famine
     • Lack of Productivity
   • Artisans & Trade
     • Guilds controlled production and prices
     • Domestic System
       • Merchant gave tools and materials to peasants
         • Peasants made the final products at home
           • The merchant sold those goods
     • Royal Factories
       • Large factories
       • Weapons and luxury goods
     • Foreign Trade
       • Triangular trade
         • Africa: Items of little value for slaves
           • America: Slaves for Money
             • Back to Europe
       • Monopolies: The English East India Company
   • Forms of Goverment
     • Absolutism
       • The king had the three powers given to him from god. Kings had powerful armies and controlled trade within a country
     • English Parliamentarism
       • Ever after the English Civil War, Britain was under the rule of a Parilamentary Monarchy
     • Dutch Republic

3. Spain

   • War of Spanish Succession
     • Carlos II dies without children
       • Two candidates
         • Philippe
         • Archduke Charles
       • War
         • Civil War
           • Castille was with Philippe
           • Aragón was with Charles
         • International conflict
         • Philippe wins and becomes Felipe V
           • Felipe V Centralized Administration
           • Created a new figure: the Secretary of State
           • Recovered Naples and Sicily
   • Enlightened Despotism
     • Carlos III
       • Tried to modernise Spanish Clothing
         • Esquilache Riots
       • Appointed the Ministers
         • Aranda
         • Floridablanca
         • Campomanes
         • Who tried to reform
           • The Church
             • Jesuits expelled from Spain
             • Powers on the Inquisition reduced
           • Economic Developement
             • Spanish ports allowed to have free trade with America
             • New land was farmed
             • Royal Factories were created
           • Education
             • Built new schools
             • Renewed Curricula
       • Recovered Menorca
     • Carlos IV
       • Worried about a possible "Spanish Revolution"
       • Previous ministers were replaced by Manuel Godoy
       • Stopped most reforms
       • Joined other countries against France
         • In 1795, signed a peace treaty with France
           • The next year France and Spain signed a military alliance
             • War with Britain
               • 1805: Spanish Navy destroyed
                 • 1808: Carlos IV abdicated.