Mapa mental
Crime and Punishment -History
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Crime and Punishment -History
1000c-1500c
- Crime
- Saxon Laws
- England was divided into 7 kingdoms, each with it's own king, and laws.
- Laws had two main aims: to protect landowners' property, and minimise violence.
- A king would consult his nobles, and bishops before processing a law.
- A person could claim wergild which meant bloodshed would be compensated for through a fine
- This was mainly to stop blood feuds
- The middle ages
- Theft and pickpocketing became more popular
- People who made laws were the ones in power; the wealthy
- Many more ordinary people started to commit petty crimes
- The Norman Conquest
- William sometimes used brutal methods to ensure that the english follow his laws.
- He introduced forest laws
- It meant that someone couldn't hunt on the king's land.
- Castles were built across the country to show norman power
- William used the death penalty for serious crimes
- Outlaws
- Gangs were feared and stole from anyone
- Outlaws mainly kept the money rather than distributing it to the poor.
- Outlaws regularly used violence to get their way
- Many gangs would evade capture due to their wealthy connections
- Saxon Laws
- Punishment
- Medieval punishment and law enforcemnt
- Treason, arson, and betraying your lord were capital offences.
- Maiming was used for punishment
- A person who didn't attend court was known as an outlaw
- all men over the age of 12 belonged in a tithing.
- Each man was responsible for group behaviour.
- The hue and cry was used which meant the entire village would join the hunt.
- Parish constables were appointed in 1250, they were not paid.
- Trials
- Trials took place in front of juries of local people
- Trial by ordeal was used as God would decide one's guilt.
- It was abolished in 1215
- Trial by hot iron and trial by hot water are examples of trial by ordeal
- The church
- The church had increased influence after the Norman invasion
- Punishment should be able to reform
- All clergy could be tried in a church court.
- Nobody could be arrested if they were in church
- Known as the right of sanctuary
- Punishment
- Country courts were held by justices of the peace.
- Capital punishment was the most common punishment in royal courts.
- Punishments were carried out in public
- Prisons were used for those awaiting trial
- The stocks, pillory and whipping were also used.
- Medieval punishment and law enforcemnt
- Crime
1500-1700
- Crime
- Factors affecting crime rate
- They saw an increase in crime
- New laws known as the bloody code
- Taxes were high because of wars
- A stronger government meant lower crime rates
- Why did crime increase
- There was an increase in population
- More poeple moved to urban areas
- Increase in unemployment
- More begging and Elizabeth I passed laws against begging
- Trade and roads inproved
- Highwaymen
- Reduction of common land
- More poaching
- Trade resctrictions
- Smuggling
- There was an increase in population
- Begging and vagrancy
- The Vagabonds and Beggars act 1494
- Rulers felt to harshly punish to deter others from crime.
- Beggars were seen as threats.
- Deserving beggars were ill so they were allowed to beg
- Sturdy beggars were lazy and punished
- Treason
- Became more common after 1485
- Changing religion of the monarchs
- Public excecution
- Factors affecting crime rate
- Punishment
- The bloody code
- They increased the number of crimes carrying the death penalty.
- Flogging and hanging were public to deter
- From 1688-1823 the capital offences rose from 50 to over 200.
- Didn't work
- House of corrections AKA the first prisons
- Transportation; late 1700s
- Policing
- 1663- Watchmen were paid to patrol london
- Parish officers were known as constables
- Thief takers were paid by victims to catch criminals but many of them were criminals themselves.
- Trials and jury
- Minor cases were held by justices of the peace
- Serious crimes were seen by royal judges who could sentence the death penalty.
- Punishments would vary depending on class and gender of the criminal
- Gunpowder plot
- Famous example of treason
- Nov 5 1965
- They wanted a catholic monarch
- They put gunpowder under the cellar in parliament
- They were tortured and sentenced to death.
- The bloody code
- Crime
1700-1900
- Crime
- changes in society
- Many people moved from the country side to the towns
- Petty theft was the most common crime
- Reasons for increse in crime
- Extreme poverty
- Professional gangs in urban areas; overcrowded areas
- Industrialisation
- Factories developed
- more jobs
- increase in population
- more jobs
- Increase in street theft, burglary, public disorder.
- Prostitution increased.
- Chartists protested conditions for workers
- 1715- riot act made it a capital offence for more than 12 people to group together.
- Factories developed
- crimes against authority
- The French revolution made upper classes worried the same may happen in England
- People wanted reforms like the right to vote.
- 1833- Tolpuddle martyrs
- sentenced to 7 years of transportation
- Returned in 1836
- Protesters were treated harshly
- Crimes against person
- Violent crimes decreased
- 1850s- 'garroters' who would rob and strangle people
- 1888- Jack the Ripper in whitechapel
- Smuggling
- Increased during 1740-1850
- It was a social crime
- Made big profits
- Decreased after 1850 as tax imported goods were cut
- changes in society
- Punishment
- Bow street runners
- Watchmen patrolled at night and Parish constables dealt with petty crime
- Set up by John and Henry Fielding in 1750
- Basically first police force
- Robert peel, reduced the number of death penalties.
- London was increasing there weren't enough patrols
- Introduction to the police
- 1829- Metropolitan Police Act
- 1856- Became compulsory for all counties to have a police force
- 1842- Detective department was set up
- At first the public disliked the police
- Transportation
- During the 17th and 18th centuries they transported people to colonial countries
- It was a deterrent
- It was hard labour
- Prisons were over crowded
- it was abolished in 1868
- Prisons
- Death Penalty became less acceptable so people were jailed instead
- The separate and silent systems isolated prisoners and they did hard labour
- People had to pay to be released from prison
- Prison reformers
- John Howard was a reformer shocked by conditions
- They wanted improved health and sanitation, and better warders
- Robert Peel set up the 1823 Gaol Act to pay gaolers
- Elizabeth Fry set up education classes to reform prisoners
- Bow street runners
- Crime
1900- Present
- Punishment
- Technology
- Policing has improved with technology
- CCTV
- Forensic science
- Transport: police cars
- Policing changes
- Now work worldwide
- Motorised transport
- Multicultural + Women
- 1982-Neighbourhood watch scheme
- Community engagement through social media
- Special Police Units
- CID - Criminal Investigations department
- DNA - prevent terrorism
- NCA- national crime agency
- Traffic department
- Capital Punishment
- Last used 1964
- Abolished 1965
- Many of the innocent were murdered.
- New punishments
- Rehabilitation of criminals
- Community service
- Treatment programmes for addicts
- electronic tagging
- Prison
- Education is available
- Prisoners can be released on probation
- 1948-corporal punishments in prisons were abolished
- 1982- Youth detention centres were set up
- Technology
- Crime
- Crime rates
- More reliant on technology
- More things classed as crimes
- Violent crimes and anti-social behaviour
- Victims are more likely to report
- Older criems
- Driving offences, vandalism, burglary
- Disturbances with anti-social behaviour
- Drug smuggling
- New crimes
- Sex discrimination, hacking, traffic crime, and race crimes are all new
- Motor crimes
- People trafficking
- Criminal Gangs
- Cyber crimes
- fraud online
- Terrorism
- IRA
- Al Qaeda
- 1965- Race relations act
- Crime rates
- Punishment
Información
- Descripción
- Mapa Mental sobre Crime and Punishment -History, creado por Sachi Sahi el 05/02/2017.
- Creado por
- Sachi Sahi
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