Sana With Rash & Bruising

Sana With Rash & Bruising

1. thrombopoiesis

   • Process by which mature platelets are generated within the bone marrow

2. Hemostasis

   • blood coagulation mechanism
     • causes
   • bleeding disorders
     • history taking
     • investigations
     • causes
       • platelets
         • qualitative
         • quantitative
           • Thrombocytopenia
             • Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
               • lead to easy or excessive bruising and bleeding. The bleeding results from unusually low levels of platelets
                 • Acute ITP: less than 6 months usually presents as a childhood
                   • Chronic ITP 6 months or longer occurs most commonly between the ages of 20 and 50 years
                     • secondary  if it is associated with an underlying disorder; autoimmune disorders, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and infections, such as HIV and hepatitis C
                 • Risk FactorsGenetics Gender Age Receiving certain vaccines. Although very rare, some vaccinations can “trigger” ITP. Viral infections
                   • The signs of bleeding include: Petechiae (< 3mm) Purpura (3-10 mm) Ecchymoses (> 1 cm) Hematoma Nosebleeds or bleeding from the gums Blood in urine or stool
               • treatment
                 • spleen
             • Decreased production: Aplastic aneamia- megaloblastic anemia-drugs- infections (HIV), leukemia
             • Decreased survival: immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)-drug induced (heparin- quinidine)-Dissiminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC)- thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
       • Coagulation factors
         • types
       • Vessel Wall
         • Congenital defects of the vessel wall
         • Senile purpura:
         • Scurvy
         • Septic Vasculitis
   • defect leads to

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