Boilogy 1-3 Mindmap

Boilogy 1-3 Mindmap

1. Biology 1 - Characteristics of living organism

   • Biology - Study of living organisms and their enviorment
   • MRS GREEN
     • Movement
       • Respiration
         • Sensitivity
           • Growth
             • Reproduction
               • Excretion
                 • Nutrition
                   • Give us energy and tissue repair
                   • Absorbed and assimilated
                   • Autotrophs ( Plants + Algae)
                     • Heterotrophs (Animals)
                     • Saprotroph (Bacteria + Fungi)
               • Needed for 'species' to survive
                 • A group of organisms capable and producing fertile offspring
                   • Asexual reproduction - Gametes not used
                   • Sexual reproduction - Joining gametes
             • Grow as number of its cells increase
       • Glucose + Oxygen = CO2 + H2O (+ Energy)
       • Animals move to obtain food or find mates - Plants can also move (Mimusa Pudica)
         • Internal movements of Organelles and fluids, and external movement (Locomotion)
         • Some animals are sessile, or move very little
   • Living things response to changes in the enviorment
     • e.g. Plant grow toward light
   • Composed of cells
     • Levels of organization
       • Adaptation to enviorment (Evolution)
         • Maintain homeostasis (pH,Temp., salinity)
   • Bionomial Nomenclature
     • Carolus Von Linnaeus - Swedish
       • Genus - Capitalized, underlined or Italicized
       • Species - Lower case, underlined or italicized
       • Taxonomic categories
         • Kingdom
           • Phylum
             • Class
               • Order
                 • Familiy
                   • Genus
                     • Species
         • Monera (Bacteria), Protista (single cells organism), Plantae, Fungi, Animalia

2. Biology 2 - Cells

   • Living organisms are made up of cells
     • Animal cells
       • Cell membrane that surround nucleus and cytoplasm
         • Nucleus contains chormosomes
       • Red Blood Cell - Biconcave, no nucleus, Haemoglobin
     • Plant cell
       • Vacuole, filled with cell sap - Cellulose - Starch grains storage - Chloroplast
       • Osmosis - Diffusion in water, plants take in water by osmosis
       • Water Potential Gradient
         • When WPG is lower in the cell than the surrounding, it can absorb water
           • WPG in cells are higher in leaves than roots
   • 1665, Robert Hooke observed bark cells using simple microscope
     • 1675, Anton van Leeuwenhoek first observed living cell, RBC
   • Cells are usually 10-100um.
     • 1mm = 1000um

3. Biology 3 - Enzymes

   • Proteins that are biological catalysts
   • Too much heat can denature, and too little heat will make it slower to act
   • Extreme pH will denature the enzymes
   • Denature - Change of active site so it can no longer take in the substrate