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Latin America and the caribean

Facts:

Life expectancy: 75

GNI: 8, 544 USD

Population: 589.2 milion people

Employment ratio: 65%

General Overview

The whoe region share the same lenguage (Brazil and sme former french and GB colonies)

It is the richest region environmental wise

The strongest: Argentina, Chile, Brazil and México

Inequality and dreadful resources distribution has a historical reason. CAST SYSTEM

A continuing decline in growth and fewer prospects for a strong rebound are challenging region.

China is the supercharged engine that contributed to the region's growth. Challenge: China's slowing down

The region's growth average is weighed down by the slowdown in impportant economies such as Argentina and Brazil. Middle-income trap

Social and economic features LAC remains the must unequal region in the world Social spending in low and untargetted (rich and poor) Demands for socially inclusive growth Economically commodity exports (hard and soft)->(mineral and agricultural) Social initiatives: Heakthy education Urgently need to address issues such as production capacity, modernizing infrastructure and boosting innovation.

Human development (Features challenges)

The region is home to the poorest country in the world (the only LAC on the ranking)? Haiti

Over the past 10 years 73 millio people were lifted out of moderate poverty (unprecedent growth and economic stabiity)

One in every four Latin Americans aged 15-29 is poor or exremely poor, only 35% have access to education.

Moderate Poverty: Access to basic necessities. No progress. 42%

Extreme poverty: Poorest people on earth. 18%

Must: improve quality of education

Tertiary education (highschool) rose from 9.5% in 1990 to 14.2% in 2009

Violence, crime and insecurity hinder developmet. Homicide rates rose by 11% and everyday 460 people are victims of sexual violence

Unresolved: 20 million kids receive nurturing support in health educatioin and nutrition in the first five years of their lives.

Greatest hazaids: crime and violence. It affects social life, politics and local conomies.

CA: 14, 257 lives are claimed anually by crime (this is 40 per day) CA-Central America

70 million women antered labor force in the last 30 years(the fastest in the world)

Natural disasters: catastrophes terrible disaster risk managment across the region.

Historical Context

Ever since LAC reached independe, the region has gone trough similar processes.

ISI-Imports Substitution Industrialization (50's-late 70's) fair? Economic process

National Security State Doctrine-TIAR

(Tratado Internacional de Asisencia Reciproca)

Emblematic example: chile

Neoiberalism

Structural Adjustment Program (SAP)

Privatization

States abandonment (cutback in public health, education, state-sector empoyment and subsides)

"Conventional dumpt" development

supported by the west + US + FO

We need urbanization to be modern

Rural poor-> urban poor

Condition: Open your borders no matter what

Urbanization between "development" and "urban poverty"

Emerg of multi and bilateral free trade agreement

General Overview: Argentina

Rich in resources, well- educated workface. One of the largest South America's economies

"Boom and bust cycles"

The country had defaulted on its sovereign debt three times in the past 32 years and looks poised to do so again soon.

Restructures massive debt and repaid

The peso, devalued by more than 20% in january (2015)

poverty and unemployment are high

President: Cristina Fernandez Kirchner.

Left party (open door to imigrants)

Challenge:poverty and economic crisis

Internationally: dispute over Falkland islands (Brit overseas territory)

Elections next October

General Overview: Brazil

It is the most influential country and the economic giant One of the world's biggest democracies Rich in natural resources such as iron ore wich is highly prized by china Development offshore fields(oil): self Sufficient, end decades on foreign producers One of the rising economic powers: BRICS(Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) Effort to raise millions out of poverty Social conditions can be harsh in big cities: favelas (1/3) Most of the arable land is controlled by few weatlhy families: Movement of Landless Rural Workers (MST) seeks to redress by demanding land redistribution: direct protest and land occupation. Dima Rousseff: First woman to be elected president Strong state role: ban king, oil and energy.

General Overview: Bolivia and Chile

Bolivia:

political crisis due to exploitation of energy resources. Poverty and

disparities. Evo Morales: first indigenous president.

Opposes free-trade policies and tightened state control over economy

(nationalized energy). Close ties with Cuba and Venezuela. Chile: Strong

economy. High world prices for its copper.

It is key regional player; close ties

with EU. Territorial disputes with Peru and Bolivia (access to the Pacific).

Michelle Bachelet, back to presidency on

March 2014