germany unit 2a

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treaty of Versailles

war guilt clause ( 213) Germans unhappy as they don't want fall responsibility for the war as made them look bad.

reparations (Germany pay £6600 million) Germans unhappy as they are only countries paying reparations which will make them weak and unable to afford weapons/ arms.

lost 11 of there colonies Germans lost more land and power which makes them look weak to rest of the world as no money from the colonies.

air force destroyed German air force so Germans cant protect themselves and felt unsafe

the army was limited to 100000 and only used internally Germans left feeling unprotected and loose power over other countries.

Weimar republic

Fredric Ebert created a new government which was built on shaky foundations and had major weaknesses. constitution followed:

proportional representation

elections for everyone

chancellor needed a majority in Reichstag to pass law

the president suspend the constitution and pass laws by decree.

the constitution weaknesses: proportional representation meant lots of small parties. coalition parties where unstable and hard to get an agreement this lead to difficulties in getting laws passed this meant suspending the constitution was the only other way.

occupation of the Ruhr

cause= Germans miss reparations

event= the French troops occupied the Ruhr in January 1923 German workers equipment wrecked Germans advice not to work in protest so French wouldn't get the money they wanted.

hyperinflation

the government printed money to pay reparations which resulted in money becoming worthless, a hole new currency was needed. peoples saving where lost wages up prices down starvation & homelessness no point in working even if you did you couldn't afford the basics.

political groups

German left wing - workers equal, want to work with other country's, almost communist in views at the extreme of the left wing views, more power to the peoples.

KPD- communist, extreme left wing, opposed Weimar republic.

SPD- social democrats, left wing, support Weimar republic

DDP- democratic party, left wing, support Weimar republic.

ZP- CENETER PARTY, MIDDLE, SUPPORT WEIMAR REPUBLIC .

German right wing- traditional views, extreme end of right wing views there could be classed as Nazism, capitalist private ownership of business & land, nationalist party's, big army, gained support of military, judiciary and civil service ( now power with the ordinary people)

DVP- people party, right wing, support Weimar republic

DNVP- national party, right wing, opposed Weimar republic.

NSDAP- Nazi party, extreme right, opposed Weimar republic

SPARTACIST UPRISING ( 1919 LEFT-WING MOVEMENT)

Rosa Luxemburg & Karl Liebknecht ( leader separatist league) gathered support for the strike declared a communists government, 100000 communists demonstrated in Berlin and took over key buildings, such as newspaper offices. Germany government sent in troops to stop uprising . extreme right wings helped kill strikes (fricore) Jewish became scapegoat.

KAPP PUTSCH ( 1920 RIGHT -WING MOVEMENT)

Dr Wolfgang kappa and right-wing supporters and fricore. marched as they are unhappy with Weimar republic. people went on strike because Weimar republic where left-wing and encouraged left-wing workers to strike as it upset the right-wing movement. German government stopped gas, electricity, and transport.

STRESEMAN

FINANCIAL REFORMS- set up independent bank & rentan mark. it increased morale, solved hyperinflation. although could create a repeat of hyperinflation.

DAWES PLAN- plan to deal with reparations issues, banker asked to solve non payment, created annual payment sat affordable rates & American banks invested in Germany. although this relied on the USA and people not happy with reparations.

YOUNG PLAN- reduced reparations, lowered taxes, this meant Germans could now pay reparations and Germans could invest in their own country although it relied again on the USA and USA could take money at any time.

LEAGUE OF NATIONS- founded by the allies , Germany aloud to join and aloud to make important decisions, this showed Germany to still be important & a step towards german equality with other nations. although not all political parties agreed that this was a good idea to let Germany join.

LOCARNO PACT- treaty between Germany, Britain, france, Italy, Belgium. Germany aloud to keep boarder with France & Belgium. this allowed allied troops to leave the Ryland. although not all parties agree with the treaty.

KELLOG BRIAND PACT- trying procedure to stop war, international agreement, 65 countries signed it, this allowed German people to think Weimar republic is a success, pressured others to see Germany in a respectable member of international community, although wasn't Stresemann's idea.

CAUSE AND EFFETC OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION

cause- 1929 wall street crash , the great depression was a worldwide economic recession triggered by the wall street crash.

IMPACT- German business had to pay back loans to the USA and couldn't get new ones , they had to pay higher taxes to the government. the markets dried up as few people in Germany had money to buy German goods.

German government, couldn't borrow money from the USA refused to print more money so had to increase taxes. government workers lost their job and wages were reduced, the government also made cuts in the unemployment benefit. they where blamed for depending on the US loans, the coalition government already had its problems as divided government couldn't agree how to solve the crisis.

german people- millions of workers and farm labourers lost their jobs, banks bust & saving lost, businesses collapsed as did investments, young people particularly badly effected by job lose. many families suffered terrible poverty as no work, in 1928 ,, 0.8 million German were unemployment, by 1932 this had risen to 6 million.