INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY

THE WORLD

THE WORLD

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• According to the ONU, there are 196 sovereign countries.
• The world is divided in 6 continents: Asia, Africa, America, Europe, Oceania and Antarctica.

ASIA

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• COUNTRIES: Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Burma, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, North Korea, South Korea, United Arab Emirates, Philippines, Georgia, Indonesia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Maldiva, Mongolia, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Russia, Singapore, Syria, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tajikistan, East Timor, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam and Yemen.
• LANGUAGES: Sanskrit, Pali, Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, Nepalese, Sinhalese, Assamese, Punjabi, cashmere, Sindhi, Oriya, Marathi, Gujarati and Bihari languages, English and Russian.
• RELIGIONS: Brahmanism, hinduism, budism, islamism, confusianism.

AFRICA

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• COUNTRIES: Angola, Algeria, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cape Verde, Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, Comoros, Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Morocco, Mauritius, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Swaziland, South Africa, Sudan, Sudan From the south, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Djibouti, Zambia and Zimbabwe
• LANGUAGES: Swahili, Hausa, Yoruba and Arabic in the north.
• RELIGIONS: traditional african religions and Islam in the north.

AMERICA

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• COUNTRIES: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, United States, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Dominican Republic, St. Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay and Venezuela.
• LANGUAGES: Spanish, English, Portuguese and French.
• RELIGIONS: Catholisism, Protestantism.

EUROPE

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• COUNTRIES:Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
• LANGUAGES: German, English, Bulgarian, Danish, Spanish, Estonian, Finnish, French, Greek, Dutch, Hungarian, Irish, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Swedish and Czech.
• RELIGIONS: Islamism, Protestantism, Catholicism, Lutheranism, Christianity.

OCEANIA

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• COUNTRIES: Australia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, New Zealand, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu.
• LANGUAGES: English, Maori, Japanese, Tonga, French.
• RELIGIONS: traditional tribe religions, cristianism, protestantism.

ANTARCTICA

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• Is Earth's southernmost continent. It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the region of the Southern Hemisphere.
• At 14,000,000 square kilometres (5,400,000 square miles), it is the fifth-largest continent.
• For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia.

LATITUDE & LONGITUDE

• For orienting and to locate any point on Earth the human being has invented imaginary lines called Parallels and meridians
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LATITUDE & LONGITUDE

WORLD CLIMATES

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• POLAR: Average temperature of less than 10 °C (50 °F)
• TEMPERATE: These regions generally have more variety in temperature over the course of the year and more distinct changes between seasons.
• ARID: A region is arid when it is characterized by a severe lack of available water, to the extent of hindering or preventing the growth and development of plant and animal life.
• TROPICAL: a non-arid climate in which all twelve months have mean temperatures of at least 18°C (64°F). In tropical climates there are often only two seasons: a wet season and a dry season
• MEDITERRANEAN: is usually characterized by rainy winters and dry, warm to hot summers.
• MOUNTAINS: Also known as alpine or highland climate. This climate causes trees to fail to grow due to cold. Temperatures vary from 0°C to 3°C.

OCEANS

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• PACIFIC OCEAN
• ATLANTIC OCEAN
• ARCTIC OCEAN
• INDIAN OCEAN
• ANTARCTIC OCEAN

HIGHEST MOUNTAINS

• EVEREST: 8.848mt (Himalaya, Nepal-China border)
• K2: 8.611mt (Himalaya, Pakistan-China border)
• KANGCHENJUNGA: 8.586mt (India-Nepal border)
• LHOTSE: 8.516mt (Tibet, China-Nepal border)
• MAKALU: 8.485 (Nepal-China border)
• CHO OYU: 8.188 (Tibet, China-Nepal border)
• DHAULAGIRI I: 8.167 (Nepal)
• MANASLU: 8.163 (Himalaya, Nepal)
• NANGA PARBAT: 8.126 (Himalaya, Pakistan)
• ANNAPURNA I: 8.091 (Himalaya, Nepal)
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TIME ZONES

Diapositiva 15