Gram Positive Bacteria - created from Mind Map

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Aerobic

Anaerobic

Cocci

Bacilli

Streptococci

Staphlycocci

α-haemolytic

Alpha Haemolysis is caused by enzymes that denature the haemoglobin in red blood cells causing a greenish decolourization around the colony.

β-haemolytic

Beta haemolysis is caused by enzymes that breakdown red blood cells causing complete clearing round the colony.

non-haemolytic

Strep. pneumoniae

Strep. "Viridans"

Pneumonia

Meningitis

Endocarditis

Group A Strep

Most pathogenic of all streptococci.

Produce a range of powerful exotoxins that damage the cell.

Cause tonsillitis, scarlet fever, skin and soft tissue infections, puerperal sepsis.

Group B Strep

Throat/Skin infections (Strep. Pyogenes)

Neonatal Meningitis

Enterococcus Sp.

Part of the normal bowel flora.

Not particularly pathogenic.

Most strains are sensitive to amoxicillin.

gut commensal

UTI

Coagulase +

Coagulase -

Staph. Aureus

Colonises the nose and upper respiratory tract in 30% of people. Some strains produce exotoxins.Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) damages white blood cells.

Most common cause of wound and skin infections, and bone and joint infections.

Aureus = Golden.

Antibiotic resistant strains are called 'MRSA' - Meticillin-resistant Staph. aureus). These are resistant to all penicillins and cephalosporins.

Enterotoxin producing strains can cause food poisoning.

It gets into the blood stream, disseminates into distant sites in the body.

May cause abscesses in spleen, liver, kidneys etc.

May lead to sepsis.

Wound/Skin infections

Coagulase Neg Staph.

Do not produce toxins, but can produce surface polysaccharide "slime" that allows them to stick to plastic and other artificial material in the body.

Most common cause of prosthetic (artificial) joint infection or IV line infection.

Skin Commensals

Generally do not cause harm.

IV line infections

Small

Large

Corynebacterium sp.

Listeria monocytogenes

Corynebacterium Dipitheria

Skin Commensal

Meningitis

Bacillus sp.

Bacillus cereus

Bacillus Anthracis

Food Poisoning

Anthrax

Cocci

Bacilli

Anaerobic Streptococci

Clostridium Sp.

Part of normal bowel flora of man and animal.

Produces spores that can survive outside the body for many months.

Produce exotoxins that cause severe tissue damage.

CI. tetani

CI. Perfringens

CI. difficile

Tetanus

Gas Gangerene

Antibiotic Associated Colitis