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Key Terms: The Teleological Argument
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- 1TeleologicalComes from the Greek Telos, ‘purpose’. The notion that something has a purpose.
- 2The Design ArgumentThe argument that the world has been designed and so this is evidence for a Designer, ie, God.
- 3William Paley (1743-1805)The proponent of the best known modern version of the Design argument.
- 4Argument from AnalogyAnalogy occurs when something is like something else in several key ways. Here, the World is like a watch.
- 5Natural Theology (1802)Paley’s book, in which he sets out his argument.
- 6CreationistAny Christian who believes the world was created by God precisely as in the Book of Genesis.
- 7David Hume (1711-1776)A strong critic of the Design argument.
- 8Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1779)David Hume’s book in which he attacks the Design argument.
- 9The Epicurean HypothesisThe notion that the universe consists of particles in random motion, in infinite time. Every possibility would be realised.
- 10Charles Darwin (1809-82)Proposed The Theory of Evolution, explaining the complexity of the world entirely in terms of natural processes.
- 11On The Origin of Species (1859)Darwin’s chief work, in which his explanation was first put forward.
- 12Natural SelectionAccording to Darwin, the mechanism by which biological organisms evolve from lesser to greater complexity.
- 13Richard Dawkins (20th C)An English zoologist, and militant atheist, who uses Darwin’s theory to attack all religion.
- 14The Fine Tuning ArgumentA modern version of the Design argument which takes its cue from astrophysics, rather than (like Paley) from biology.
- 15Isaac Newton (1642-1727)Proposed a version of the Fine Tuning argument as long ago as the 17th century.
- 16Philosophiae Naturalis Principia (1687)The book in which Newton proposed his version of the Fine Tuning argument.
- 17William Lane Craig (20th C)Supports the Design argument. Wrote a paper called, ‘The Design Argument and the Anthropic Principle’.
- 18The Strong Anthropic PrincipleThe idea that the universe is set up in such a way that intelligent life had to emerge. Implies a God.
- 19The Weak Anthropic PrincipleThe idea that the universe must look designed to any creature intelligent enough to ask. Agnostic about God.
- 20Brandon CarterSuggested the first Weak Anthropic Principle, in 1974.
- 21FR TennantSuggested the first Strong Anthropic Principle, in 1930.
- 22Philosophical Theology (1930)Tennant’s major work, in which he first suggested the Strong Anthropic Principle.
- 23John Leslie (20th C)A critic of the Weak Anthropic principle. Uses a thought experiment, involving a firing squad, to make his point.
- 24The Many Universes HypothesisThere are many universes: at least one of them had to be finely tuned, so Fine Tuning is not evidence for a Designer.
- 25John EarmanA critic of the Many Universes hypothesis.
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