Test
Head pathologies pt 2 :)
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Preguntas del test (42)
1Which of these tumors can metastasize to the CNS?
- Athyroid
- Bbronchus
- Cbreast
- Dstomach
- Ekidney
- Fprostate
- Gmelanoma
- Hovarian
- Imouth
- Jliver
2Which of these is not a common CNS tumor in children?
- Aastrocytoma
- Bependyoma
- Cmedullablastoma
- Dschwannoma
3Meninngioma is more common in women
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
4Primary Brain Trauma
[blank_start]Car[blank_end] crashes
Falls
[blank_start]Bullet[blank_end] wounds
Secondary Brain Trauma
Brain [blank_start]bleeds[blank_end]
[blank_start]Swelling[blank_end]
Meningitis- ABullet
- BCar
- Cbleeds
- DSwelling
5Which of these are potential complications of meningitis?
- Asepsis
- Bhearing loss
- Cepilepsy
- Dvision loss
- Edeath
- Flearning difficulties
- Gpartial paralysis
- Hloss of taste
- Ianaphylaxis
- Jpsychogenic behaviors
6What are the contraindications to lumbar puncture?
- Abrain herniation
- Bconvulsions
- Cshock
- Dextensive purpura
- Einfection over site
- Fcoagulation abnormalities
- Gmeningitis
- Hanticoagulation abnormalities
- Icluster headache
- Jpartial blindness
7What is of clinical relevance regarding meningitis?
- Aheadache
- Bfever
- Cneck stiffness
- Dphotophobia
- Enon-blanching rash
- Fcaused by virus, bacteria, or fungus
- GKernig's sign
- Haffects patient's balance/stability
- Iin elderly cases, will resolve itself usually
- Jblanching rash
8Treat all suspected meningitis with:
IM [blank_start]benzylpenicillin[blank_end] in community
IV [blank_start]ceftriaxone[blank_end]/ cefotaxime
If meningococcal meningitis, close contacts give [blank_start]rifampicin[blank_end] prophylaxis- Abenzylpenicillin
- Bceftriaxone
- Crifampicin
9If it's a meningitis medical emergency, treatment order:
- A1. ABCDE
- B2. Ceftriaxone 4mg IV stat
- C3. Lumbar puncture
- D4. Blood culture
- E3. Blood culture
- F2. Blood culture
- G3. Ceftriaxone 4mg IV stat
- H4. Lumbar puncture
- I5. Bedside observations
10 Alzheimer's disease is inevitable in Down's syndrome
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
11What is not a type of dementia?
- AAlzheimer's disease
- BVascular dementia
- CLewy body dementia
- DFronto-temporal dementia
- ECerebellar dementia
12In [blank_start]Lewy[blank_end] [blank_start]Body[blank_end] dementia, the patient presents with fluctuating cognitive impairment, detailed visual hallucinations, and later [blank_start]parkinsonism[blank_end]. Histology is characterized by [blank_start]Lewy[blank_end] [blank_start]bodies[blank_end] in brainstem and neocortex.
- ALewy
- BBody
- CLewy
- Dbodies
- Eparkinsonism
13[blank_start]Frontotemporal[blank_end] dementia is when there is frontal and temporal atrophy without Alzheimer histology.
Symptoms:
[blank_start]Behavioral[blank_end] and personality change
preservation of [blank_start]episodic[blank_end] memory and [blank_start]spatial[blank_end] orientation
[blank_start]disinhibition[blank_end]
emotional unconcern- AFrontotemporal
- Bdisinhibition
- Cepisodic
- Dspatial
- EBehavioral
14[blank_start]Vascular[blank_end] dementia is due to the cumulative effects of many small strokes, thus sudden onset and stepwise deterioration is characteristic.
Look for evidence of [blank_start]vascular[blank_end] pathology.
Management: Manage [blank_start]vascular[blank_end] disease risk factors with [blank_start]lifestyle[blank_end] changes + [blank_start]medication[blank_end]- AVascular
- Bvascular
- Cvascular
- Dlifestyle
- Emedication
15[blank_start]Alzheimer's[blank_end] [blank_start]disease[blank_end] is the acquired deficits of cognition, visual spatial skill, memory and verbal abilities.
Histology: characterised by neuritic [blank_start]plaques[blank_end] and [blank_start]neurofibrillary[blank_end] tangles (distinguishes from other dementias). Results in progressive neuronal damage and loss of [blank_start]acetylcholine[blank_end].- AAlzheimer's
- Bdisease
- Cneurofibrillary
- Dacetylcholine
- Eplaques
16Alzheimer's disease
Management: [blank_start]Multidisciplinary[blank_end] approach
Medication: 1st line:
[blank_start]Donezepil[blank_end] (an [blank_start]Acetylcholine[blank_end] [blank_start]esterase[blank_end] inhibitor)- ADonezepil
- BAcetylcholine
- Cesterase
- DMultidisciplinary
17What is not a major component of idiopathic parkinson's disease?
- Atremor
- Bbradykinesia
- Crigidity
- Daphasia
18Idiopathic parkinson's disease is due to the destruction of neurones in the [blank_start]substantia[blank_end] [blank_start]nigra[blank_end] where [blank_start]dopamine[blank_end] is produced.
Management: [blank_start]L[blank_end]-[blank_start]Dopa[blank_end]- ADopa
- BL
- Csubstantia
- Dnigra
- Edopamine
19The afferent light reflex is due to the occulomotor nerve (CN3)
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
20[blank_start]Horner's[blank_end] [blank_start]syndrome[blank_end] is when the sympathetic nervous system to the eye is compromised.
- AHorner's
- Bsyndrome
21What can cause Horner's syndrome?
- ACNS infarctions
- BCNS tumors
- CCarotid artery dissection
- DNeck malignancies
- ECluster headaches
- FTension-type headaches
- GBlindness
- HVertebral artery dissection
22Presentation of Horner's Syndrome:
Classic triad:
Unilateral [blank_start]miosis[blank_end] (constricted pupil)
Unilateral [blank_start]partial[blank_end] [blank_start]ptosis[blank_end] (eyelid drooping)
Unilateral apparent [blank_start]enophthalmos[blank_end] (sunken eye)
and Unilateral [blank_start]anhidrosis[blank_end] (inability to sweat)- Amiosis
- Bpartial
- Cptosis
- Denophthalmos
- Eanhidrosis
23[blank_start]Oculomotor[blank_end] [blank_start]nerve[blank_end] palsy presents as down and out pupil with a drooping eyelid.
- AOculomotor
- Bnerve
24Majority of the extrinsic eye muscles is controlled by the oculomotor nerve.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
25[blank_start]Trochlear[blank_end] [blank_start]nerve[blank_end] palsy presents as difficulty looking down in an adducted position.
- ATrochlear
- Bnerve
26Trochlear nerve is very susceptible to trauma.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
27[blank_start]Abducens[blank_end] [blank_start]nerve[blank_end] palsy presents as difficulty with abduction of eyes.
- AAbducens
- Bnerve
28Abducens nerve is rarely injured but trauma can cause compression of it.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
29[blank_start]Post[blank_end]-[blank_start]herpetic[blank_end] [blank_start]neuralgia[blank_end] is a persistent nerve pain that occurs at the site of a previous attack of shingles. It is difficult to treat but can be managed via neuropathic pain agents such as [blank_start]amitriptyline[blank_end] or gabapentin.
- Aneuralgia
- Bherpetic
- CPost
- Damitriptyline
30Ramsey Hunt Syndrome includes facial nerve palsy and hearing may be affected as a result.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
31What are unilateral causes for facial nerve palsy?
- Ahemispheric stroke
- Bcerebellopontine angle tumor
- Cbell's palsy
- Dtrauma
- Emiddle ear infection
- Framsey hunt syndrome
- Gischemic stroke
- Hsaturday night palsy
- Iinner ear infection
- Jcushing's syndrome
32Vestibulocochlear nerve palsy causes [blank_start]sensorineural[blank_end] hearing loss.
[blank_start]Vertigo[blank_end] is the sensation of the room spinning- AVertigo
- Bsensorineural
33[blank_start]Glossopharyngeal[blank_end] nerve damage can lead to ipsilateral diminished taste sensation
- AGlossopharyngeal
34[blank_start]Recurrent[blank_end] [blank_start]laryngeal[blank_end] nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve which supplies muscles of [blank_start]phonation[blank_end].
It is commonly injured in [blank_start]neck[blank_end] surgeries, which can lead to a [blank_start]hoarse[blank_end] voice- ARecurrent
- Blaryngeal
- Cphonation
- Dneck
- Ehoarse
35Damage to the vagus nerve can manifest as [blank_start]ipsilateral[blank_end] failure to raise soft palate with [blank_start]uvula[blank_end] deviation to the opposite side
- Aipsilateral
- Buvula
36Damage to the accessory nerve will manifest as weakness in [blank_start]rotating[blank_end] the head to [blank_start]opposite[blank_end] side of lesion and the weakness in [blank_start]shrugging[blank_end] shoulders.
- Arotating
- Bopposite
- Cshrugging
37Hypoglossal nerve:
A unilateral [blank_start]LMN[blank_end] lesion causes:
tongue weakness and [blank_start]fasciculation[blank_end]
tongue [blank_start]deviates[blank_end] in the [blank_start]direction[blank_end] of nerve lesion- Afasciculation
- Bdirection
- Cdeviates
- DLMN
38What are the bulbar nerves, which all arise in the medulla and as a result, are commonly injured together.
- ACN 9-12
- BCN 4-7
- CCN 8 - 11
- DCN 2-6
39Bulbar nerves all have similar pathologie that leads to dysphagia and dysarthria.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
40
[blank_start]Pseudobulbar[blank_end] palsy: bilateral UMN lesion:
Spastic tongue (not wasted) no fasciculations
[blank_start]Exaggerated[blank_end] jaw jerk
[blank_start]Emotional[blank_end] liability
Traumatic brain injury or [blank_start]stroke[blank_end]
[blank_start]Bulbar[blank_end] palsy: bilateral LMN lesion:
Wasting of tongue with fasciculations
[blank_start]Normal[blank_end] jaw jerk
[blank_start]Myasthenia[blank_end] [blank_start]gravis[blank_end]- APseudobulbar
- BBulbar
- CEmotional
- DMyasthenia
- Egravis
- FNormal
- GExaggerated
- Hstroke
41What is not a trigger for trigeminal neuralgia?
- Awashing
- Bshaving
- Cwind
- Dchewing
- Esunlight
42ften caused by [blank_start]compression[blank_end] at [blank_start]cerebellopontine[blank_end] angle
Trigeminal neuralgia presents as severe [blank_start]pain[blank_end] (paroxysms of knife-like or electric shock). These pain spasms last for [blank_start]seconds[blank_end] with multiple episodes before a remission for [blank_start]months[blank_end] or even years before reoccurrence
Treatment: [blank_start]carbamazepine[blank_end], surgical [blank_start]decompression[blank_end], or [blank_start]ablation[blank_end]- Acerebellopontine
- Bcompression
- Cseconds
- Dmonths
- Ecarbamazepine
- Fdecompression
- Gablation
- Hpain
Información
- Descripción
- Content credits to Dayo (PUNS) and Will Adams (MegaTeach)
- Autor
- Usuario eliminado
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 24
- Historial
- Creado el 12 mar 2018 · actualizado el 13 mar 2018
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