Microbiology of Genital Tract Infection

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Sexually transmitted diseases can generally also be transmitted via inanimate objects.

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The normal vaginal pH is between ( 4-4.5, 8-8.5, 6.5-7.5, 13-13.5 )

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Which of the three following organisms are commensal bacteria in the vagina?

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The most common type off Candida is called Candida

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Candida Albicans is ( more, less ) responsive to treatment than non-candida albicans

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( Non-Candida Albicans, Candida Albicans ) is rare and usually found in immunosuppressed people

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Poorly controlled ( diabetes, hypertension, renal impairment, hyperthyroidism ) is a significant risk factor for symptomatic candida albicans infection.

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Candida Albicans ( is not, is ) typically spread via sexual contact; it ( is not, is ) an STI

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An uncomplicated Candida Albicans infection should be treated with an antifungal called in the form of a cream to be applied internally.

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Which type of anaerobic gram positive bacteria, rife in the vagina, utilise glycogen in order to produce lactic acid thus protecting against the growth of infective organisms in the vagina?
bacteria

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is a disease of the vagina caused by excessive growth of its commensal bacteria.

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Bacterial Vaginosis is not considered an STI however is more frequently found in women who are sexually active.

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What is the most common bacterial STI in the UK?

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If a doctor suspected a vaginal infection due to 'a positive whiff test', which infection is most likely present?

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Presentations of Vaginal Infections:
❌ = White creamy discharge often giving off a potent 'fishy' smell
❌ = Usually asymptomatic
❌ = Thin, purulent, yellowish discharge
❌ = Present with a painless ulcer known as a chancre

Syphilis

Neisseria Gonorrhoea

Chlamydia Trachomatis

Bacterial Vaginosis

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In the whiff test for bacterial vaginosis, 10% solution of which chemical is added to increase the potency of the smell?

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Bacterial Vaginosis is mainly associated with which pathogen?

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As Bacterial Vaginosis is a anaerobic infection, it is usually treated using which drug?

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Chlamydia has 3 serological groupings:
Serovars A-C = ❌
Serovars D-K = ❌
Serovars L1-L3 = ❌

Lymphogranuloma Venereum

Genital Infection

Trachoma (non-STI eye infection)

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The treatment plan for Chlamydia infections is 100mg twice daily for days

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Upon gram staining, chlamydia is typically found to be gram positive.

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Testing for Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea is done using the same clinical testing. Which 2 of the following investigative modalities are most commonly utilised for these infections?

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Males being tested for chlamydia & gonorrhoea have their ( first-pass urine, mid-stream urine ) tested.
Females being tested for chlamydia & gonorrhoea will have ( a vulvo-vaginal swab, their blood, a mid stream urine sample ) taken.

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Intensely itchy white vaginal discharge tends to be indicative of ...

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Neisseria Gonorrhoea is a gram ( negative, positive ) ( intracellular, extracellular ) diplococcus

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Chlamydia Trachomatis infection is much more common than Neisseria Gonorrhoeae infection.

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Neisseria Gonorrhoea infection of the pharynx is common is women and MSM and is almost always asymptomatic.

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All patients with Gonorrhoea infection are now treated in secondary care due to the high incidence of antibiotic resistance. They are treated with ( intramuscular, intravenous, oral, subcutaneous ) ( Ceftriaxone, Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin )

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Infection of the prostate (prostatitis) can occur in women and MSM. This typically presents with the same symptoms as a UTI. This is is typically treated by a four week course of the drug ( Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Trimethoprim )

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In terms of Syphilis, when the chancre heals this means that the syphilis has cleared and there is no longer an infection present.

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Tenesmus (and bloody diarrhoea) alongside symptoms of an STI is typically indicative of ...

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Serological tests for Syphilis:
❌ = Positive for syphilis infection, however not useful in monitoring therapy
❌ = Indicate tissue inflammation, useful for monitoring response to therapy. Usually become negative following syphilis treatment

Non-specific tests

Specific tests

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Serological tests for Syphilis:
Specific Tests = ❌
Non-Specific Tests = ❌

E.g. TPPA & TPHA

E.g. RPR & VDRL

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( IgM & IgG ELISA, TPPA, TPHA, TPPA & TPHA ) testing is used as the screening test for syphilis and provides a good indicator of early disease.

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Of the two immunoglobulins in the ELISA syphilis test, ( IgM, IgG ) is the good indicator for early disease

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Syphilis infection is typically treated by ( Penicillin G, Penicillin D, Penicillin V )

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Genital Herpes tends to be caused by Herpes Simplex Virus Type ( 2, 1 )

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A person presenting with shallow ulcers around the vagina which are excruciatingly sore are likely to have which of the following conditions?

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The best investigative test for genital herpes is ( viral PCR, viral culture, NAAT testing )

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Microbiology of Genital Tract Infection given by Dr Mooka on 09/11/2018