Pat McMahon
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2nd Year Pharmacy Practice Exams Test sobre Pharmacology for Podiatrists Mid Semester Prac Exam (Weeks 1-4), creado por Pat McMahon el 19/03/2019.

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Pharmacology for Podiatrists Mid Semester Prac Exam (Weeks 1-4)

Pregunta 1 de 46

1

The EBM triad consists of which of the below?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Latest External Evidence

  • Individual Clinical Expertise

  • Family Values & Expectations

  • Patient Values & Expectations

  • Best External Evidence

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 46

1

In relation to Types of Evidence and Clinical trials. Which of the below would be the MOST bias?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Level 1

  • Level 4

  • Level 2

  • Level 3

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 46

1

In relation to Types of Evidence and Clinical trials. Which of the below would be the LEAST bias?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Level 4

  • Level 2

  • Level 1

  • Level 3

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 46

1

A systematic review of Level 2 studies would be classified as which Level of Evidence?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Level 3

  • Level 1

  • Level 2

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 46

1

An Inception Cohort, Prospective cohort study and a cross-sectional study among consecutive presenting patients is considered which level of evidence?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Level 1

  • Level 3

  • Level 4

  • Level 2

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 46

1

A cross sectional study among non-consectutive patients is considered which level of Evidence?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Level 4

  • Level 3

  • Level 2

  • Level 1

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 46

1

Which of the following relate to the acronym P.I.C.O?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Intervention

  • Comparator/Control

  • Patient and Clinical Problem

  • Outcome

  • Population and Clinical Problem

  • Complications

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 46

1

Clinical trials are experiments in Humans as well as animals.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 46

1

What is Bioavailability?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • It is the fraction of dose which reaches the
    systemic circulation (i.e. plasma) as intact drug

  • The extent to which a drug is removed by the gut and liver during its first passage from the portal vein through the liver to the systemic circulation

  • It is the apparent volume into which a drug distributes in body at equilibrium (Amount in the Body/Plasma Drug Concentration)

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 46

1

What is 1st Pass Metabolism?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • It is the fraction of dose which reaches the
    systemic circulation (i.e. plasma) as intact drug

  • The extent to which a drug is removed by the gut and liver during its first passage from the portal vein through the liver to the systemic circulation

  • It is the apparent volume into which a drug distributes in
    body at equilibrium.

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 46

1

What is Volume of Distribution?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The extent to which a drug is removed by the gut and liver during its first passage from the portal vein through the liver to the systemic circulation

  • It is the apparent volume into which a drug distributes in body at equilibrium (Amount in Body/Plamsa Drug Concentration)

  • Refers to the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs or other substances from the liver to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the liver.

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 46

1

Enterohepatic Circulation refers to the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs or other substances from the pancreas to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the pancreas.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 46

1

Enterohepatic Circulation refers to the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs or other substances from the liver to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the liver.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 46

1

In relation to Plasma Binding Protein. Which of the following best describe the concept?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Once all the binding sites of the plasma proteins are taken up by the drug the protein can bind to a receptor causing the drug to be available for action.

  • Once all the binding sites of the plasma proteins are taken up by the drug, any further drug in the plasma will be able to bind to a receptor.

  • Only once all the plasma protein binding sites are occupied by the drug can the drug be metabolised.

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 46

1

What effects the Half-Life of a drug? (First-Order Kinetics)

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Metabolism

  • Hydration

  • Renal Excretion

  • Body mass

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 46

1

What patient condition would merit a reduction in a drug?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Age

  • Liver Function

  • Body Mass

  • Alternative drug which competes for transporters

  • Another drug with induces enzymes that metabolise the drug

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 46

1

To calculate the dose and dosing frequency correctly we use the half-life of the drug.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 46

1

What concept is associated with 'What the body does to the drug?'

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Phamacokinetics

  • Pharmacodynamics

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 46

1

The concept of 'What the body does to the drug ' is usually called?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Pharmacodynamics

  • Pharmacokinetics

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 46

1

What is meant by 'Affinity'?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The ability of a drug to produce an effect mediated by receptors

  • It is the indication of the strength of the binding between drug and target molecule

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 46

1

What is meant by 'Efficacy'?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The ability of a drug to produce an effect mediated by receptors

  • Indication of the strength of the binding between drug and target molecule

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 46

1

A non-competitive and competitive antagonist results in a?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Increased Response

  • Decreased Response

  • No response

  • Normal Response

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 46

1

A non-selective drug is an example of?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Older Drugs, which typically effect more broadly

  • Designed drugs, which effect less and more specific sites

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 46

1

What is meant by EC50?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The concentration necessary to produce 50 % of the effect

  • The concentration necessary to produce 50 % of the maximal effect

  • The concentration necessary to produce 50 % of the minimal effect

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 46

1

What occurs if the drug concentration is above the Therapeutic window?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Increase risk of side effects

  • This is normal when attempting to deal with a acute pathology

  • Reduced effectiveness of the drug

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 46

1

What occurs if the drug concentration is below the Therapeutic window?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Reduced effectiveness of the drug

  • Increased risk of side effects

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 46

1

Which of the following Drugs would be the most Potent?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • EC50 = 2

  • EC50 = 50

  • EC50 = 6

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 46

1

Which relate to evidence that a drug is stored in tissue?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • An increase in the number of side effects produced by the drug

  • A decrease in the amount of free drug excreted in urine

  • An increase in plasma protein binding

  • A large Volume of Distribution (Vd)

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 46

1

The intensity of the pharmacologic action of a drug is most dependant on the?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Elimination half-life (t1/2) of the drug

  • Minimum toxic concentration (MTC) of the drug in plasma

  • Concentration of the drug at the receptor site

  • Onset time of the drug after oral administration

  • Minimum effective concentration (MEC) of the drug in the body

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 46

1

The initial distribution of a drug into tissue is determined chiefly by the...

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Stomach emptying time

  • Rate of blood flow to the tissue

  • Plasma protein binding of the drug

  • Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

  • Affinity of the drug for the tissue

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 46

1

The bioavailability of oral morphine is 30% and you decided to switch a patient to IV instead.

Would you INCREASE or DECREASE the dose based on the change in bioavailability of the drug?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Increase

  • Decrease

  • Same - There is no change in the dosage amount

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 46

1

The bioavailability of oral morphine is 30% and you decided to switch a patient to IV instead. However, you notice that they have liver disease.

Would you INCREASE or DECREASE the dose based on the fact the patient has liver disease?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Increase

  • Decrease

  • Same - No change in the dose

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 46

1

Clearance determines

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The time to reach steady state

  • The loading does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration

  • The maintenance dose required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration

  • The dosage interval

  • BOTH The time to reach steady state & The dosage interval

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 46

1

Volume of distribution determines

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The time to reach steady state

  • The loading does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration

  • The maintenance dose required to achieve the desired stead-state concentration

  • The dosage interval

  • BOTH The time to reach steady state & The dosage interval

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 46

1

Half-Life determines

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The time to reach steady state

  • The loading does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration

  • The maintenance does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration

  • the dosage interval

  • BOTH The time to reach steady state & the dosage interval

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 46

1

Clearance is

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Dependant on the value of volume of distribution

  • Dependant on the value of half-life

  • a function of the blood flow to clearing organ and the efficiency of the organ in extracting the drug

  • a function of the physiologic volume of blood and tissues and how the drug binds in blood and tissues

  • BOTH Dependant on the value of volume of distribution & Dependant on the value of half-life

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 46

1

The volume of distribution is

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Dependant on the value of the clearance

  • Dependant on the value of half-life

  • a function of the blood flow to clearing organs and the efficiency of the organ in extracting the drug

  • a function of the physiologic volume of blood and tissues and how the drug binds in blood and tissues

  • BOTH Dependant on the value of the clearance & Dependant on the value of half-life

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 46

1

The half-life is

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • dependant on the value of volume of distribution

  • dependant on the value of clearance

  • a function of the blood flow to clearing organs and the efficiency of the organs to extract the drug

  • a function of the physiologic volume of blood and tissues and how the drug binds in blood and tissues

  • BOTH dependant on the value of volume of distribution & dependant on the value of clearance

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 46

1

Pharmacokinetic models are useful to

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • describe concentration-time data sets

  • predict drug serum concentrations after several doses or after different routes of administration

  • calculate pharmacokinetic constants (Clearance, Volume of distribution, half-life)

  • BOTH describe concentration-time data sets & calculate pharmacokinetic constants (Clearance, Volume of distribution, half-life)

  • BOTH describe concentration-time data sets & calculate pharmacokinetic constants (Clearance, Volume of distribution, half-life) AS WELL AS predict drug serum concentrations after several doses or after different routes of administration

Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 46

1

Factors to be considered when prescribing the best drug dose of a patient include

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Age

  • Gender

  • Weight

  • other concurrent disease states and drug therapies

  • All of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 41 de 46

1

The Volume of distribution (Vd) of every drug equals the

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Blood Volume

  • Extracellular water volume divided by the plasma concentration of the drug

  • The drug amount in the body divided by the drug plasma concentration

  • The amount of the drug in the body divided by the extracellular volume

  • Total body volume minus the volume of bone

  • Total body water volume divided by the plasma concentration of the drug

Explicación

Pregunta 42 de 46

1

A 28 yr old man is being treated for AIDS with several oral drugs. He experiences significant weight loss due to AIDS-related wasting syndrome and diarrhoea. Which of the following pharmacokinetic parameters would be unchanged by the alterations in the patients body mass and composition?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Absorbtion

  • Bioavailability

  • First-Pass metabolism

  • Steady-state plasma concentration

  • Volume of Distribution

Explicación

Pregunta 43 de 46

1

Which of the following factors will determine the number of drug-receptor complexes formed?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Efficacy of the drug

  • Receptor affinity for the drug

  • Therapeutic index of the drug

  • Half-Life of the drug

  • Rate of renal secretion

Explicación

Pregunta 44 de 46

1

Which of the following best describes an antagonist?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Binds to a receptor and causes the activation of intracellular cascades

  • Binds to a receptor and mimics the effects of neurotransmitters

  • Binds to a receptor without activating intracellular cascades

  • Binds to receptors causing the opposite effects on second messenger production than an agonist

  • Binds to receptors usually in a site distinct from agonist

Explicación

Pregunta 45 de 46

1

Which statement best describes a partial agonist?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • A partial agonist irreversibly binds to receptors

  • The effects of a partial agonist cannot be overcome by increasing agonist concentration

  • A partial agonist binds to and does not effect the protein conformation of the receptor

  • A partial agonist has less maximal effect than a full agonist

  • A partial agonist will not antagonise the effects of a full agonist

Explicación

Pregunta 46 de 46

1

Drug A and Drug B bind to the same receptor (Z). Drug A has a higher affinity for receptor Z than Drug B.

Which statement below is correct regarding these drugs?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • A higher concentration of drug A is required to occupy half the receptors than concentration of drug B.

  • Under no condition can drug B produce the same maximal effect as drug A

  • Under no condition can drug A produce the same maximal effect as drug B

  • The equilibrium disassociation constant (Kd) is lower for drug A than drug B

  • Drug B is more potent than Drug A

Explicación

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