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Pharmacology for Podiatrists Mid Semester Prac Exam (Weeks 1-4)

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2nd Year Pharmacy Practice Exams Quiz on Pharmacology for Podiatrists Mid Semester Prac Exam (Weeks 1-4), created by Pat McMahon on 19/03/2019.
Pat McMahon
Quiz by Pat McMahon, updated more than 1 year ago
Pat McMahon
Created by Pat McMahon about 5 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
The EBM triad consists of which of the below?
Answer
  • Latest External Evidence
  • Individual Clinical Expertise
  • Family Values & Expectations
  • Patient Values & Expectations
  • Best External Evidence

Question 2

Question
In relation to Types of Evidence and Clinical trials. Which of the below would be the MOST bias?
Answer
  • Level 1
  • Level 4
  • Level 2
  • Level 3

Question 3

Question
In relation to Types of Evidence and Clinical trials. Which of the below would be the LEAST bias?
Answer
  • Level 4
  • Level 2
  • Level 1
  • Level 3

Question 4

Question
A systematic review of Level 2 studies would be classified as which Level of Evidence?
Answer
  • Level 3
  • Level 1
  • Level 2

Question 5

Question
An Inception Cohort, Prospective cohort study and a cross-sectional study among consecutive presenting patients is considered which level of evidence?
Answer
  • Level 1
  • Level 3
  • Level 4
  • Level 2

Question 6

Question
A cross sectional study among non-consectutive patients is considered which level of Evidence?
Answer
  • Level 4
  • Level 3
  • Level 2
  • Level 1

Question 7

Question
Which of the following relate to the acronym P.I.C.O?
Answer
  • Intervention
  • Comparator/Control
  • Patient and Clinical Problem
  • Outcome
  • Population and Clinical Problem
  • Complications

Question 8

Question
Clinical trials are experiments in Humans as well as animals.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 9

Question
What is Bioavailability?
Answer
  • It is the fraction of dose which reaches the systemic circulation (i.e. plasma) as intact drug
  • The extent to which a drug is removed by the gut and liver during its first passage from the portal vein through the liver to the systemic circulation
  • It is the apparent volume into which a drug distributes in body at equilibrium (Amount in the Body/Plasma Drug Concentration)

Question 10

Question
What is 1st Pass Metabolism?
Answer
  • It is the fraction of dose which reaches the systemic circulation (i.e. plasma) as intact drug
  • The extent to which a drug is removed by the gut and liver during its first passage from the portal vein through the liver to the systemic circulation
  • It is the apparent volume into which a drug distributes in body at equilibrium.

Question 11

Question
What is Volume of Distribution?
Answer
  • The extent to which a drug is removed by the gut and liver during its first passage from the portal vein through the liver to the systemic circulation
  • It is the apparent volume into which a drug distributes in body at equilibrium (Amount in Body/Plamsa Drug Concentration)
  • Refers to the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs or other substances from the liver to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the liver.

Question 12

Question
Enterohepatic Circulation refers to the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs or other substances from the pancreas to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the pancreas.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 13

Question
Enterohepatic Circulation refers to the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs or other substances from the liver to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the liver.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 14

Question
In relation to Plasma Binding Protein. Which of the following best describe the concept?
Answer
  • Once all the binding sites of the plasma proteins are taken up by the drug the protein can bind to a receptor causing the drug to be available for action.
  • Once all the binding sites of the plasma proteins are taken up by the drug, any further drug in the plasma will be able to bind to a receptor.
  • Only once all the plasma protein binding sites are occupied by the drug can the drug be metabolised.

Question 15

Question
What effects the Half-Life of a drug? (First-Order Kinetics)
Answer
  • Metabolism
  • Hydration
  • Renal Excretion
  • Body mass

Question 16

Question
What patient condition would merit a reduction in a drug?
Answer
  • Age
  • Liver Function
  • Body Mass
  • Alternative drug which competes for transporters
  • Another drug with induces enzymes that metabolise the drug

Question 17

Question
To calculate the dose and dosing frequency correctly we use the half-life of the drug.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 18

Question
What concept is associated with 'What the body does to the drug?'
Answer
  • Phamacokinetics
  • Pharmacodynamics

Question 19

Question
The concept of 'What the body does to the drug ' is usually called?
Answer
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics

Question 20

Question
What is meant by 'Affinity'?
Answer
  • The ability of a drug to produce an effect mediated by receptors
  • It is the indication of the strength of the binding between drug and target molecule

Question 21

Question
What is meant by 'Efficacy'?
Answer
  • The ability of a drug to produce an effect mediated by receptors
  • Indication of the strength of the binding between drug and target molecule

Question 22

Question
A non-competitive and competitive antagonist results in a?
Answer
  • Increased Response
  • Decreased Response
  • No response
  • Normal Response

Question 23

Question
A non-selective drug is an example of?
Answer
  • Older Drugs, which typically effect more broadly
  • Designed drugs, which effect less and more specific sites

Question 24

Question
What is meant by EC50?
Answer
  • The concentration necessary to produce 50 % of the effect
  • The concentration necessary to produce 50 % of the maximal effect
  • The concentration necessary to produce 50 % of the minimal effect

Question 25

Question
What occurs if the drug concentration is above the Therapeutic window?
Answer
  • Increase risk of side effects
  • This is normal when attempting to deal with a acute pathology
  • Reduced effectiveness of the drug

Question 26

Question
What occurs if the drug concentration is below the Therapeutic window?
Answer
  • Reduced effectiveness of the drug
  • Increased risk of side effects

Question 27

Question
Which of the following Drugs would be the most Potent?
Answer
  • EC50 = 2
  • EC50 = 50
  • EC50 = 6

Question 28

Question
Which relate to evidence that a drug is stored in tissue?
Answer
  • An increase in the number of side effects produced by the drug
  • A decrease in the amount of free drug excreted in urine
  • An increase in plasma protein binding
  • A large Volume of Distribution (Vd)

Question 29

Question
The intensity of the pharmacologic action of a drug is most dependant on the?
Answer
  • Elimination half-life (t1/2) of the drug
  • Minimum toxic concentration (MTC) of the drug in plasma
  • Concentration of the drug at the receptor site
  • Onset time of the drug after oral administration
  • Minimum effective concentration (MEC) of the drug in the body

Question 30

Question
The initial distribution of a drug into tissue is determined chiefly by the...
Answer
  • Stomach emptying time
  • Rate of blood flow to the tissue
  • Plasma protein binding of the drug
  • Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
  • Affinity of the drug for the tissue

Question 31

Question
The bioavailability of oral morphine is 30% and you decided to switch a patient to IV instead. Would you INCREASE or DECREASE the dose based on the change in bioavailability of the drug?
Answer
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Same - There is no change in the dosage amount

Question 32

Question
The bioavailability of oral morphine is 30% and you decided to switch a patient to IV instead. However, you notice that they have liver disease. Would you INCREASE or DECREASE the dose based on the fact the patient has liver disease?
Answer
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Same - No change in the dose

Question 33

Question
Clearance determines
Answer
  • The time to reach steady state
  • The loading does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration
  • The maintenance dose required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration
  • The dosage interval
  • BOTH The time to reach steady state & The dosage interval

Question 34

Question
Volume of distribution determines
Answer
  • The time to reach steady state
  • The loading does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration
  • The maintenance dose required to achieve the desired stead-state concentration
  • The dosage interval
  • BOTH The time to reach steady state & The dosage interval

Question 35

Question
Half-Life determines
Answer
  • The time to reach steady state
  • The loading does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration
  • The maintenance does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration
  • the dosage interval
  • BOTH The time to reach steady state & the dosage interval

Question 36

Question
Clearance is
Answer
  • Dependant on the value of volume of distribution
  • Dependant on the value of half-life
  • a function of the blood flow to clearing organ and the efficiency of the organ in extracting the drug
  • a function of the physiologic volume of blood and tissues and how the drug binds in blood and tissues
  • BOTH Dependant on the value of volume of distribution & Dependant on the value of half-life

Question 37

Question
The volume of distribution is
Answer
  • Dependant on the value of the clearance
  • Dependant on the value of half-life
  • a function of the blood flow to clearing organs and the efficiency of the organ in extracting the drug
  • a function of the physiologic volume of blood and tissues and how the drug binds in blood and tissues
  • BOTH Dependant on the value of the clearance & Dependant on the value of half-life

Question 38

Question
The half-life is
Answer
  • dependant on the value of volume of distribution
  • dependant on the value of clearance
  • a function of the blood flow to clearing organs and the efficiency of the organs to extract the drug
  • a function of the physiologic volume of blood and tissues and how the drug binds in blood and tissues
  • BOTH dependant on the value of volume of distribution & dependant on the value of clearance

Question 39

Question
Pharmacokinetic models are useful to
Answer
  • describe concentration-time data sets
  • predict drug serum concentrations after several doses or after different routes of administration
  • calculate pharmacokinetic constants (Clearance, Volume of distribution, half-life)
  • BOTH describe concentration-time data sets & calculate pharmacokinetic constants (Clearance, Volume of distribution, half-life)
  • BOTH describe concentration-time data sets & calculate pharmacokinetic constants (Clearance, Volume of distribution, half-life) AS WELL AS predict drug serum concentrations after several doses or after different routes of administration

Question 40

Question
Factors to be considered when prescribing the best drug dose of a patient include
Answer
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Weight
  • other concurrent disease states and drug therapies
  • All of the above

Question 41

Question
The Volume of distribution (Vd) of every drug equals the
Answer
  • Blood Volume
  • Extracellular water volume divided by the plasma concentration of the drug
  • The drug amount in the body divided by the drug plasma concentration
  • The amount of the drug in the body divided by the extracellular volume
  • Total body volume minus the volume of bone
  • Total body water volume divided by the plasma concentration of the drug

Question 42

Question
A 28 yr old man is being treated for AIDS with several oral drugs. He experiences significant weight loss due to AIDS-related wasting syndrome and diarrhoea. Which of the following pharmacokinetic parameters would be unchanged by the alterations in the patients body mass and composition?
Answer
  • Absorbtion
  • Bioavailability
  • First-Pass metabolism
  • Steady-state plasma concentration
  • Volume of Distribution

Question 43

Question
Which of the following factors will determine the number of drug-receptor complexes formed?
Answer
  • Efficacy of the drug
  • Receptor affinity for the drug
  • Therapeutic index of the drug
  • Half-Life of the drug
  • Rate of renal secretion

Question 44

Question
Which of the following best describes an antagonist?
Answer
  • Binds to a receptor and causes the activation of intracellular cascades
  • Binds to a receptor and mimics the effects of neurotransmitters
  • Binds to a receptor without activating intracellular cascades
  • Binds to receptors causing the opposite effects on second messenger production than an agonist
  • Binds to receptors usually in a site distinct from agonist

Question 45

Question
Which statement best describes a partial agonist?
Answer
  • A partial agonist irreversibly binds to receptors
  • The effects of a partial agonist cannot be overcome by increasing agonist concentration
  • A partial agonist binds to and does not effect the protein conformation of the receptor
  • A partial agonist has less maximal effect than a full agonist
  • A partial agonist will not antagonise the effects of a full agonist

Question 46

Question
Drug A and Drug B bind to the same receptor (Z). Drug A has a higher affinity for receptor Z than Drug B. Which statement below is correct regarding these drugs?
Answer
  • A higher concentration of drug A is required to occupy half the receptors than concentration of drug B.
  • Under no condition can drug B produce the same maximal effect as drug A
  • Under no condition can drug A produce the same maximal effect as drug B
  • The equilibrium disassociation constant (Kd) is lower for drug A than drug B
  • Drug B is more potent than Drug A
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