Fichas
A Level PE - Muscular/Skeletal System
Fichas del conjunto (54)
- 1Identify the 3 planes of movement.-Frontal
-Sagittal
-Transverse - 2Briefly describe the frontal plane.-This is the plane that cuts across the body sideways - any lateral (side) movements that occur parallel to this line happens in the frontal plane.
- 3Name all the possible movements possible in the frontal plane.Movements possible in this plane
-Adduction
-Abduction
-Elevation
-Depression
-Inversion
-Eversion - 4Define the term 'adduction'-movement towards the midline of the body
- 5Define the term 'abduction'-Movement away the midline of the body.
- 6Define the term 'elevation'Moving to a superior (higher) position - only at the scapula
- 7Define the term 'depression'Moving to an infererior (lower) position
- 8Define the term 'inversion'.Lifting the medial border of the foot (foot goes inwards)
- 9Define the term 'eversion'.Lifting the lateral border of the foot (foot goes sidewards)
- 10Briefly describe the 'sagittal' plane.-This is the plane that cuts directly down the middle of the body from an anterior view - any forward or backwards movement parallel to this line occurs in the sagittal plane.
- 11Name all the possible movements possible in the sagittal plane.-Flexion
-Extension
-Dorsi flexion
-Plantar flexion - 12Define the term-Decreasing the angle between two bones
-This is the shortening of the muscle. - 13Define the term 'extension'-Increasing the angle between two bones.
-This is the lengthening of a muscle. - 14Define the term 'dorsiflexion'.-Moving the top of the foot towards the shin (opposite of pointing your toes)
- 15Define the term 'plantar flexion'.-Moving the sole of the foot downwards (pointing your toes)
- 16-Briefly describe the transverse plane.-This is the plane that cuts directly across the waistline - any movement parallel to the waistline occurs in the transverse plane and is otherwise known as rotational movement.
- 17Name all the possible movements that can occur in the transverse plane.-Rotation
-Pronation
-Supination - 18Define the term 'rotation'-This is inward or outward turning about the vertical axis of a bone.
- 19Define the term 'pronation'.-Downwards movement of the palm from the anatomical position (wrist rotates to face up)
- 20Define the term 'supination'-Upwards movement of the palm from the anatomical position (wrist rotates to face upwards)
- 21Define the term 'circumduction'.-Movement of a limb in a circular motion around a fixed joint.
- 22What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?1) Provide shape
2) Provide support
3) Provide movement
4) Provides protection
5) Blood cell production and storages of fats and minerals - 23Name a structural characteristic of long bones - name examples of these types of bones.-Have a main shaft
-Femur
-Humerus
-Phalanges - 24What is the function of long bones?-Act as levers - help to provide movement
- 25Name a structural characteristic of short bones - name examples of these types of bones.-No visible shaft
Examples
-Tarsals
-Carpals - 26What is the function of short bones?-Help to provide strength and support
- 27Name a structural characteristic of flat bones - name examples of these types of bones.-Cover a large area
Examples
-Cranium - 28What is the function of flat bones?-They help to provide protection, and act as a point for the attachment of muscles.
- 29Name a structural characteristic of irregular bones - name examples of these types of bones.-Irregular in shape
Examples
-Vertebrae - 30What is the function of irregular bones?-Assist with support and help to provide shape.
- 31What is a joint?-A joint is a coming together of two or more different bones.
- 32Define the term 'articulation'.-This is when a specific joint allows movement - e.g hinge joint.
- 33What are the three main types of joints? Name examples for each one.1) Fixed joint i.e immovable - e.g cranium
2) Slightly movable joint - e.g vertebrae
3) Movable joint/synovial joint (has a synovial capsule) - 34Name at least 6 synovial joints.1) Hinge
2) Pivot
3) Ball and socket
4) Saddle
5) Condyloid
6) Gliding - 35What is a tendon? Give an example.A tendon is a fibrous connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone e.g achilles tendon.
- 36What is the function of a tendon?-They help to move the bone/structure.
- 37What is a ligament?A ligament is a fibrous connective tissue which attaches bone to bone e.g anterior cruciate ligament.
- 38What is the function of a ligament?-they help to hold structures together and keep them stable.
- 39List four adaptations that occur to bones, cartilage, tendons and ligaments as a result of training.-Bones - Increase in strength and density
Cartilage - Hyaline cartilage thickens which aids the cushioning of joints.
Tendons - Tendons thicken and can withstand greater force.
Ligaments - Ligaments stretch slightly to enable a greater range of movement at the joint. - 40Describe the structure and function of skeletal muscle.-connected to ends of bones and allows movement
-in control of voluntary movement
-cylindrical in shape
-striated - 41Describe the structure and function of cardiac muscle.-called myocardium
-found only in the heart
-involuntary (movement is not conscious)
-striated - 42Describe the structure and function of smooth muscle.-found in the internal organs such as arteries, stomach, and bowel
-movement is involuntary
-unstriated - - 43How is food pushed through the intestines?-when the visceral muscle in the stomach contracts, it pushes the food along.
- 44All skeletal muscles are attached to bones at their origins and their insertions by a white fibrous tissue called tendons. During movement, what stays fixed and what moves?-Origins stay fixed
-Insertions move - 45Define the term 'antagonistic pair', giving an example.-These are skeletal muscle that work together to provide movement e.g when a muscle contracts and shortens (bicep brachii) the opposite muscle (tricep brachii) works in the opposite way by relaxing and lengthening to allow the movement
- 46Define the term 'agonist'-A muscle that is directly involved in the production of a movement at a joint
- 47Define the term 'antagonist'.-A muscle that opposes an agonist for a given movement and prevent overstretching of the agonist.
- 48Define the term 'synergist'-This is an agonist that is not directly responsible for the movement at a joint, but assists it in some way (e.g brachialis - muscle assisting the bicep brachii during flexion)
- 49Define the term 'fixator'.-Fixator muscles are stabilizer muscles that act to eliminate unwanted movement of an agonists origin e.g (rhomboid major
- 50What are isotonic contractions? Name the two different types.-these are any muscle contractions that causes the muscle to change in length as it contracts and causes movement at a joint.
The two types are:
-isotonic concentric
-isotonic eccentric - 51What is an isotonic concentric contraction? Give an example.-This is shortening of the muscle - insertion moves towards the origin, angle of joint decreases.
-An example of this would be a bicep curl - bicep brachii is contracting concentrically during the upward phase - 52What is an isotonic eccentric contraction?-This is the lengthening of a muscle under tension - muscle elongates, insertion moves away from the origin, angle of joint increases.
E.g triceps brachii eccentrically contracts during the upward phase of a bicep curl - 53What is an isometric contraction? Give 2 examples.-This is when there is no shortening, lengthening, moving of the muscle but the muscles are still contracting. The muscles stay static.
E.g ski sit, 100m sprint start, scrum - 54What is an isokinetic contraction? Give an example.-Isokinetic contractions produce movement at a constant speed. These contractions are the same as isotonic but is repeated at the same pace e.g breast stroke during swimming, while the water produces the same resistance.
Información
- Descripción
- El usuario ha eliminado su información de asignaturas Fichas sobre A Level PE - Muscular/Skeletal System, creado por Usuario eliminado el 23/03/2019.
- Creado por
- Usuario eliminado · mar 2019
- Actualizado
- 23 mar 2019
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- 16
- Historial
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- Creado por Czean Holgado · 17 ene 2019
- Copiado por Czean Holgado · 23 mar 2019
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