Test
L30 Therapeutics of hyperlipidemia
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Preguntas del test (13)
1Choose the incorrect statement.
- AFor a person with CVR of 5-15%, the benefits of lipid lowering medicines are likely to outweigh adverse effects.
- BLipid lowering medicines are strongly recommended for people with over 15% CVR.
- CLipid lowering medicines are recommended for people with under 5% CVR.
2Lifestyle modifications are recommended for everyone to reduce CV risk: healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management, and smoking cessation.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
3The current advice is for adults to do 90 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise at least 5 times a week.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
4Primary prevention is for patients with no evidence of CHD or major atherosclerotic disease, whereas secondary prevention is for patients who have already had a cardiac event.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
5Which of these is NOT a lipid lowering medicine?Five main classes of lipid lowering drugs available
- ACholesterol absorption inhibitors
- BNicotinic acid derivatives
- CBile acid binding agents
- DFibrates
- EStatins
- FAnti-platelets
6Statins are first line. They are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, meaning [blank_start]HMG-CoA reductase[blank_end] cannot reduce [blank_start]HMG-CoA[blank_end] to [blank_start]mevalonic[blank_end] acid, which is the precursor to cholesterol. They are very effective in lowering [blank_start]LDL[blank_end] and proven to decrease [blank_start]risk[blank_end] of CHD, stroke and death.
- AHMG-CoA reductase
- BHMG-CoA
- Cmevalonic
- DLDL
- Erisk
7Doubling the dose of a statin achieves a 20% additional average reduction.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
8Cholesterol synthesis peaks overnight so [blank_start]short[blank_end] half life statins (e.g. [blank_start]simvastatin[blank_end]) are recommended to be taken at [blank_start]night[blank_end].
Statins with a [blank_start]long[blank_end] half-life (e.g. [blank_start]atorvastatin[blank_end]) can be taken either in the morning or at night and have the same efficacy,- Asimvastatin
- Blong
- Cshort
- Dnight
- Eatorvastatin
9Statins are well tolerated but ADRs may include elevated liver enzymes, myopathy and rhabdomyolysis.
- Increased liver [blank_start]enzymes[blank_end] reported in less than 2% of patients – obtain levels at baseline
- Myopathy is muscle symptoms ([blank_start]pain[blank_end]) with a [blank_start]creatine[blank_end] kinase level x10 than normal
- Rhabdomyolysis (rare) is muscle [blank_start]necrosis[blank_end] and the release of intracellular muscle constituents in the blood stream, presenting with muscle pain, elevated creatine kinase, brown [blank_start]urine[blank_end] and myoglobinuria.- Aenzymes
- Bpain
- Ccreatine
- Dnecrosis
- Eurine
10Statins can be used in pregnancy and when breastfeeding.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
11Fibrates decrease [blank_start]triglyceride[blank_end] levels (20%-50%) and increase [blank_start]HDL[blank_end] levels by (9%-30%). They work by reducing apoproteins [blank_start]B, C-111 and E[blank_end] and increasing apoproteins [blank_start]A-1 and A-11[blank_end].
Common side effects are dyspepsia, [blank_start]abdominal[blank_end] pain, diarrhoea, flatulence, rash, muscle pain and [blank_start]fatigue[blank_end]. Myopathy and rhabdomyolysis can occur – the risk increases with [blank_start]renal[blank_end] insufficiency and concurrent use of statins. They [blank_start]cannot[blank_end] be given in pregnant or breastfeeding women.- Atriglyceride
- BHDL
- CB, C-111 and E
- DA-1 and A-11
- Eabdominal
- Ffatigue
- Grenal
- Hcannot
12Bile acid binding agents available in NZ are cholestyramine and colestipol. These are bile acid binding resins/sequestrants which [blank_start]bind[blank_end] to bile acids (produced from [blank_start]cholesterol[blank_end]) in the gut. The resin-bile acid complex is then [blank_start]excreted[blank_end] in the faeces. The loss of bile causes a ’[blank_start]compensatory[blank_end]’ response – conversion of hepatic cholesterol to bile (leading to reduction in hepatocellular stores).
This drug is not absorbed so side effects are limited to the [blank_start]GI[blank_end] tract. 20% of patients report constipation, bloating and flatulence, causing some to stop therapy. You can increase [blank_start]fluid[blank_end] intake to minimize constipation.
Time until peak effect of these drugs is generally 2-4 [blank_start]weeks[blank_end].
Patients taking other medications should be advised of the potential for [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] absorption of other medicines – space out dose.
Not suitable for pregnant and breastfeeding women.- Abind
- Bcholesterol
- Cexcreted
- Dcompensatory
- EGI
- Ffluid
- Gweeks
- Hdecreased
13Cholesterol absorption inhibitors: Ezetimibe
Interacts with a cholesterol [blank_start]transporter[blank_end] in the intestinal [blank_start]membrane[blank_end], and stops cholesterol [blank_start]reabsorption[blank_end] from the GI tract.
Ezetimibe should be prescribed either with a statin, fibrate or nicotinic acid derivative – [blank_start]rarely[blank_end] by itself. It has a synergistic effect in lowering LDL levels when used with statin.
AVOID IN PREGNANCY AND BREASTFEEDING- Atransporter
- Bmembrane
- Creabsorption
- Drarely
Información
- Descripción
- El usuario ha eliminado su información de asignaturas Test sobre L30 Therapeutics of hyperlipidemia, creado por Usuario eliminado el 16/04/2019.
- Autor
- Usuario eliminado
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 41
- Historial
- Creado el 16 abr 2019 · actualizado el 26 may 2019
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