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Test

L44,45,46 Dysrhythmias

Usuario eliminado 13 preguntas Actualizado el 26 may 2019

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Preguntas del test (13)

  1. 1Choose the incorrect statement.
    1. A2% of all people over age 65 in New Zealand have Afib.
    2. BPeople with dysrythmias have a higher risk of mortality from MI, stroke, HF and dementia.
    3. CVentricular arrhythmias are less common than atrial fibrillation.
  2. 2The mechanism of arrhythmia can be due to abnormal [blank_start]impulse[blank_end] firing or abnormal [blank_start]conduction[blank_end]. Abnormal impulse firing can be increased [blank_start]automaticity[blank_end] (where cells [blank_start]outside[blank_end] SA node start firing spontaneously) or [blank_start]triggered[blank_end] activity (where cells contract [blank_start]twice[blank_end] despite only being activated once).
    1. Aimpulse
    2. Bconduction
    3. Cautomaticity
    4. Doutside
    5. Etriggered
    6. Ftwice
  3. 3Bradyarrhythmias:
    1. Sinus Bradycardia - Slow heart rate <[blank_start]60[blank_end] bpm(elderly, athletes).
    • Increased vagal tone or stimulation, vomiting, myocardial ischemia or MI, [blank_start]hypo[blank_end]thyroid, hypo[blank_start]thermia[blank_end], increased [blank_start]intracranial[blank_end] pressure. Can be caused by drugs: Beta blockers (slow [blank_start]impulse firing[blank_end]) and/or non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (slow [blank_start]conduction[blank_end]).
    2. Sick Sinus Syndrome -
    • A [blank_start]combination[blank_end] of bradycardia and tachycardia
    • Sinus [blank_start]node[blank_end] dysfunction
    • Associated with episodes of [blank_start]atrial[blank_end] tachyarrhythias
    3. Atrio-Ventricular Block - impulses generated in atria are conducted [blank_start]slowly[blank_end] to ventricles or [blank_start]blocked[blank_end] partially/totally.

    2 and 3 can be caused by [blank_start]BBs, CCBs, or digoxin[blank_end]
    1. A60
    2. Bintracranial
    3. Chypo
    4. Dthermia
    5. Eimpulse firing
    6. Fconduction
    7. Gcombination
    8. Hnode
    9. Iatrial
    10. Jslowly
    11. Kblocked
    12. LBBs, CCBs, or digoxin
  4. 4Tachyarrhythmias:
    1. Atrial flutter - Rapid, [blank_start]regular[blank_end] atrial depolarization. Atrial rate: 250-350 bpm. If atrial impulses are conducted to the [blank_start]ventricle[blank_end], it can result in ventricular tachycardia. Since atrial rate is high, AV [blank_start]block[blank_end] may occur to protect ventricles...
    2. Atrial fibrillation - Most common sustained arrhythmia. mpulses conduct [blank_start]irregularly[blank_end] across the atria – leading to fibrillation. Atrial rate [blank_start]350-600[blank_end] bpm. AV node irregularly filters (blocks) atrial impulses, irregular increased [blank_start]ventricular[blank_end] rate occurs. Concern is atrial thrombus formation due to stasis. Clinical Features: Fatigue, palpitation, syncope, worsening [blank_start]heart failure[blank_end].
    3. Ventricular Tachycardia - Rate [blank_start]100-250[blank_end] bpm. '[blank_start]Sustained[blank_end] VT' if tachycardia lasts >30 seconds. ECG: wide and rapid [blank_start]QRS[blank_end] complexes ([blank_start]monomorphic[blank_end]: All QRS complexes are similar, or [blank_start]polymorphic[blank_end]: QRS complexes change in morphology, amplitude, polarity).
    4. Torsades de Pointes (TdP) - Variance of polymorphic VT. Drug causes: Anti-arrhythmics (Class Ia, Class III), phenothiazines, erythromycin. Electrolyte causes: [blank_start]hypokalemia[blank_end], hypomagnesemia.
    5. Ventricular Fibrillation - Chaotic ([blank_start]irregular[blank_end]) ventricular arrhythmia. Rate 250-500 bpm. Follows ischemic event, most frequent cause of sudden [blank_start]death[blank_end].
    6. Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome - Early ventricular depolarization. Congenital defect.
    1. Aregular
    2. Bventricle
    3. Cblock
    4. Dirregularly
    5. E350-600
    6. Fventricular
    7. Gheart failure
    8. H100-250
    9. ISustained
    10. JQRS
    11. Kmonomorphic
    12. Lpolymorphic
    13. Mhypokalemia
    14. Nirregular
    15. Odeath
  5. 5Atrial Fibrillation - Classification:
    • [blank_start]First detected[blank_end] =Only one diagnosed episode
    • [blank_start]Paroxysmal[blank_end] = Recurrent episodes that stop on their own in <7 days
    • [blank_start]Persistent[blank_end] = Recurrent episodes that last >7 days
    • [blank_start]Permanent[blank_end] = Ongoing long-term episode
    1. AFirst detected
    2. BParoxysmal
    3. CPersistent
    4. DPermanent
  6. 6Select all the options which could be clinical presentations of arrhythmia.
    1. ACardiac arrest
    2. BLoss of consciousness/syncope
    3. CShortness of breath
    4. DAnxiety
    5. EPalpitations
    6. FAsymptomatic/no symptoms
    7. GConstipation
    8. HDry cough
  7. 7Vaughan Williams Classification of Anti-arrythmics:
    • Class I - [blank_start]Sodium channel blockers[blank_end]
    • Class Ia: Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide (intermediate block)
    • Class Ib: Lidocaine, Mexilitine (fast block)
    • Class Ic: Flecainide, Propafenone, Moricizine (slow block)
    • Class II - [blank_start]Beta adrenergic blockers[blank_end]
    • Class III - [blank_start]Potassium channel blockers[blank_end]
    - Amiodarone, Dronedarone, Sotalol, Ibutilide, Dofetilide
    • Class IV - [blank_start]Calcium channel blockers[blank_end]
    - Diltiazem, Verapamil
    1. ASodium channel blockers
    2. BBeta adrenergic blockers
    3. CPotassium channel blockers
    4. DCalcium channel blockers
  8. 8Choose the incorrect statement.
    1. AAll sodium channel blockers (Class I) decrease conduction velocity and automaticity, but have different affects on the refractory period.
    2. BBeta blockers reduce conduction velocity and automaticity, and increase the refractory period.
    3. CPotassium channel blockers only affect refractory period, by increasing it.
    4. DCalcium channel blockers reduce conduction velocity and automaticity, and increase the refractory period.
  9. 9Diltiazem in patients post-MI with heart failure and flecainide post-MI to suppress ventricular ectopy both decrease mortality.
    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
  10. 10Choose the incorrect statement about lidocaine.
    1. AIt is Class Ib.
    2. BIt decreases depolarization, automaticity, and excitability of the ventricles during systole.
    3. CIt's onset of action occurs within 30-90 seconds.
    4. DIt can cause hypotension, arrhythmias, and heart block.
    5. EIt can cause sedation, dizzy, vision changes, seizures, parasthesia.

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El usuario ha eliminado su información de asignaturas Test sobre L44,45,46 Dysrhythmias, creado por Usuario eliminado el 26/05/2019.
Autor
Usuario eliminado
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English
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Creado el 26 may 2019 · actualizado el 26 may 2019
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