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Chapter 6: Biology in the Present

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1The dental pattern of Old World higher primates is
1. A2/1/2/3
2. B2/1/3/3.
3. C2/2/2/3.
4. D2/2/3/3.
2Relative to body size, primate brain size is
1. Aproportional to human brain size
2. Bmore or less the same in large and small primates.
3. Csmaller than in other large mammals.
4. Dlarger among great apes than among other primates.
3The Linnaean suborder prosimians includes
1. Aonly nocturnal species
2. Bonly diurnal species.
3. Cdiurnal and nocturnal galagos.
4. Ddiurnal and nocturnal lemurs.
4In class, your professor shows you an MRI scan of a primate brain. The professor points out the relatively large size of the olfactory bulb beneath the frontal lobe. This suggests to you that this
1. Aprimate exhibits a derived trait for an enhanced sense of smell, since this trait is not commonly observed in mammal species
2. Bis a species of anthropoid because it has an increased reliance on vision.
3. Cprimate must be a species of Strepsirhini, as that suborder of primates relies heavily on the sense of smell for many aspects of daily life.
4. Dspecies is nocturnal.
5The rhinarium is present in
1. Ababoons.
2. Bgorillas.
3. Cring-tail lemurs.
4. Dhowler monkeys.
6The Y-5 molar morphology is present in
1. Acolobus monkeys.
2. Bchimpanzees.
3. Clemurs.
4. Dhowler monkeys.
7Colobine primates
1. Aare mostly frugivorous.
2. Bare usually terrestrial.
3. Chave specialized digestive anatomy for eating leaves.
4. Dare referred to as “cheek pouch” monkeys.
8While at the zoo you see an exhibit with a small group of primates and notice they have wet, snout-like noses. This indicates a species of
1. Aprosimian, because they retain the rhinarium not found in other mammal species.
2. Banthropoid primate, because they retain the rhinarium commonly found in other mammal species.
3. Cplatyrrhine primate, because their nostrils do not point downward.
4. Dstrepsirhine, because they retain a rhinarium.
9Anthropoids include
1. Amonkeys and apes, including humans.
2. BAfrican and Asian apes only.
3. Ctarsiers, monkeys, and apes only.
4. Dlemurs, lorises, galagos, and tarsiers.
10Dietary plasticity in primates refers to
1. Aeating a wide variety of foods.
2. Black of diversity of diets over time.
3. Cdiets composed of a variety of red meats.
4. Ddiets composed of a variety of fruits.

11Which is not an arboreal adaptation shared by most primates?
1. Amobile joints connecting bones of the shoulders, limbs, hands, and feet
2. Ban opposable thumb and often an opposable big toe
3. Cdermal ridges and flat nails on fingertips
4. Drigidly connected, identical vertebrae in the backbone
12which evolutionary adaptation provides primates with depth perception?
1. Aforward-facing eyes
2. Bcolor vision
3. Closs of the rhinarium
4. Dsmaller olfactory bulb
13__________________ retain more primitive characteristics than other primates, such as a partially enclosed eye orbit
1. AStrepsirhines
2. BHaplorhines
3. CPlatyrrhines
4. DCatarrhines
14________________ have a dental formula of 2/1/2/3 and hook-shaped nostrils
1. AAtelids
2. BCatarrhines
3. CCebids
4. DPlatyrrhines
15Which feature is shared by both apes and Old World Monkeys?
1. Along tail
2. Blower molar morphology
3. Ccanine-premolar honing complex
4. Dlarge bodies and brains
16The pelvis and gluteal muscles in apes and humans are
1. Aalmost identical, even though the two groups of primates locomote in entirely different ways.
2. Bdifferent in their shape and size so that the difference between quadrupedal and bipedal locomotion can be distinguished.
3. Calmost identical, since the two types of primates both move around quadrupedally and bipedally, as needed.
4. Dthe same except for the size of the gluteal maximus, which is largest in the nonhuman ape.
17Among all primates, humans have the
1. Alargest body relative to other animals.
2. Bgreatest level of biological adaptability.
3. Clargest body size.
4. Dlargest brain relative to body size.
18The increased brain size observed in the order Primates
1. Aresults in extended periods of nursing and development to accommodate increasing behavioral complexity.
2. Bresults in shorter developmental periods to accommodate the necessary energy expenditures of larger brain size.
3. Cdemonstrates the importance of intelligence in primate evolution.
4. Ddemonstrates the importance of intelligence in primate evolution AND results in extended periods of nursing and development to accommodate increasing behavioral complexity.
19Anthropoids include
1. Amonkeys and apes, including humans.
2. BAfrican and Asian apes only.
3. Ctarsiers, monkeys, and apes only.
4. Dlemurs, lorises, galagos, and tarsiers.
20Modern primates are characterized by arboreal adaptations, including
1. Aopposable thumbs.
2. Ba precision grip.
3. Cshort digits.
4. Dan expanded reliance on sense of smell.
21Preadaptation is
1. Athe series of apparent adaptations that are never actually used.
2. Bthe use of an anatomical feature in a way unrelated to the feature’s original function.
3. Can anatomical feature used in the manner for which it was originally selected.
4. Da phenomenon that occurs before natural selection can occur.
22Primate females
1. Ainvest less in their offspring than do many other mammals.
2. Bgive birth to more offspring than do most other mammals.
3. Cgive birth to fewer offspring than do many other mammals.
4. Dgive birth to twins regularly.
23Which of the following lists is a good characterization of primates?
1. APrimates have impressive, built-in behaviors but are poor learners and require a very specific diet to survive.
2. BPrimates have a shorter life span than other mammals of their size, are intelligent, and almost all eat the same diet.
3. CPrimates are intelligent, are long lived, have diverse diets, and exhibit complex social behavior.
4. DPrimates are intelligent, are long lived, have very narrow dietary requirements, and exhibit diverse social behaviors.

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Chapter 6: Biology in the Present

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