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When describing the male urinary anatomy, which information should the nurse include? The portion of the male urethra that is closest to the bladder is the _____ portion.

While planning care for a patient with urinary problems, the nurse recalls that the renin­angiotensin system will be activated by:

When the nurse is discussing the functional unit of the kidney, what other term should the nurse use?

A 35­year­old hypertensive male begins taking a diuretic. Which of the following common side effects of this medication should the nurse monitor?

When the nurse is discussing the sodium­sensing cells of the glomerulus, what term should the nurse use?

A 28-­year-­old female presents with fever, chills, and flank pain. She is diagnosed with pyelonephritis. A nurse recalls the patient’s infection is located in the:

A 42­year­old male is involved in a motor vehicle accident during which he loses a lot of blood. The nurse realizes he is in acute renal failure caused by:

A 60­year­old male is diagnosed with renal failure. While the nurse is reviewing lab results, which of the following lab values would be most consistent with this diagnosis?

A 45­year­old female presents with hypertension, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and anemia. She is diagnosed with chronic renal failure. When the patient asks what caused this anemia, how should the nurse respond? Your anemia is caused by:

A 42­year­old female is diagnosed with chronic renal failure, and the nurse is discussing dietary treatment. Which information indicates the nurse understands dietary regimen? Treatment includes restricting:

When a patient asks what the most common type of renal stones is composed of, how should the nurse respond? The most common type of renal stone is composed of:

A 25­year­old female presents with burning urination. She was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. When the nurse checks the culture results, which of the following organisms is most likely infecting her urinary tract?

Upon examination of a male infant, it is determined that the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis. The nurse will document this condition as:

Which of the following clusters of symptoms would make a clinician suspect a child has developed glomerulonephritis?

A 7­year­old male presents to his primary care provider for incontinence. His mother indicates that he has never been continent. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?

A 15­year­old female presents with flank pain, irritability, malaise, and fever. Tests reveal glomerulonephritis. When the parents ask what could have caused this, how should the nurse respond?

Which information indicates the nurse has a good understanding of female anatomy? Having ejected a mature ovum, the ovarian follicle then develops into:

Which information indicates the nurse has a good understanding of progesterone? Progesterone is primarily secreted by the:

A clinician is preparing to teach about spermatogenesis. Which information should the clinician include? Spermatogenesis occurs in the:

When a staff member asks the nurse what the thick middle layer of the uterine wall is called, what is the nurse’s best response? The:

In the majority of cases delayed puberty is due to:

A 21­year­old female is infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) following unprotected sexual intercourse with a male she recently met. She is now at higher risk of developing which of the following cancers?

Cryptorchidism can be defined as:

A middle­ aged male speaks to his physician about benign BPH. He reveals that his father was recently diagnosed with this condition, and he wants to know if he could have it. The physician tells him that a common complaint from men with mild to moderate BPH is:

The patient’s medication has a side effect of gynecomastia. The patient asks the nurse to define this term. The nurse would respond that gynecomastia is:

A 25­year­old female presents with amenorrhea and hirsutism. She is diagnosed with PCOS. Lab testing will most likely reveal:

A 30­year­old female with newly diagnosed PCOS is being counseled by her OB­GYN. The physician indicates that this condition often results in:

A 23­year­old sexually active female presents with white copious discharge and itch. She is diagnosed with yeast vaginitis caused by overgrowth of which microorganism?

The descent of the bladder and the anterior vaginal wall into the vaginal canal is called a:

A 40­year­old female presents with cramping and excessive vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound reveals benign uterine tumors in the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. These tumors are commonly called:

Which sphincter prevents reflux of digested material from the colon into the small intestine?

The ileum and jejunum are suspended by folds of the peritoneum known as the _____ that contains an extensive vascular and nervous network.

In the liver, free bilirubin moves from the plasma in the sinusoids into the hepatocytes, where it is converted into:

The exocrine portion of the pancreas contains:

The nursing student is teaching a class to second graders. The student would correctly identify that food moves down the esophagus via the process termed:

A 10­month­old is brought to the pediatrician by the mother who states the baby has been experiencing colicky pain followed by vomiting, sweating, nausea, and irritability. Testing reveals a condition in which one part of the intestine telescopes into another. From which type of intestinal obstruction is he suffering?

A 20­year­old male was recently diagnosed with lactose intolerance. He eats an ice cream cone and develops diarrhea. His diarrhea can be classified as _____ diarrhea.

Clinical manifestations of bile salt deficiencies are related to poor absorption of:

A 30­year­old obese female underwent gastric resection in an attempt to lose weight. Which of the following complications could the surgery cause?

Which of the following symptoms would help a health care provider distinguish between ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease?

A 16­year­old female presents with abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant. Physical examination reveals rebound tenderness and a low­grade fever. A possible diagnosis would be:

A 54­year­old male complains that he has been vomiting blood. Tests reveal portal hypertension. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his condition?

Manifestations associated with hepatic encephalopathy from chronic liver disease are the result of:

An increase in the rate of red blood cell breakdown causes which form of jaundice?

A 55­year­old female has general symptoms of gallstones but is also jaundiced. IV cholangiography would most likely reveal that the gallstones are obstructing the

Reflux esophagitis is defined as a(n):

Prolonged diarrhea is more serious in children than adults because:

Which condition should the nurse assess for in mothers carrying fetuses affected by esophageal malformations?

A mother brings her 2­week­old infant to the pediatrician because he vomits forcefully for no apparent reason and food sometimes is regurgitated as though undigested. The infant is most likely suffering from:

A 2­month­old female with Down syndrome is diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease following family complaints of chronic constipation. The most likely cause of these symptoms is:

When a staff member asks the nurse about the contractile unit of a muscle, how should the nurse reply? The contractile unit of a muscle cell is called the:

When the nurse is using the term “sarcopenia,” what is the nurse describing? It is the:

While planning care for a patient with muscle problems, which information should the nurse remember? _____ ions directly control the contraction of muscles.

The nurse observed the patient’s muscle contracted, but the limb did not move. How should the nurse chart this muscle contraction?

Which of the following clinical findings would be expected in the patient with rhabdomyolysis?

A 70­year­old female presents with a hip fracture. She is diagnosed with osteoporosis. One factor that most likely contributed to her condition is:

A disorder similar to osteomalacia that occurs in growing bones of children is termed:

A 54­year­old female was recently diagnosed with degenerative joint disease. This condition is characterized by loss of:

Researchers now believe that RA is:

A 46­year­old male presents with severe pain, redness, and tenderness in the right big toe. He was diagnosed with gouty arthritis. The symptoms he experienced are caused by the crystallization of _____ within the synovial fluid.

A 32­year­old male was injured in a motor vehicle accident and confined to bed for 3 weeks. During this time, the size and strength of muscle fibers decreased, a condition referred to as:

A 70­year­old female with osteoporosis fractures her leg at a location of preexisting abnormality. She reports that the fracture occurred following a minor fall. Which of the following best describes the fracture?

Fibromyalgia is a chronic musculoskeletal disorder characterized by:

Ewing sarcoma originates from:

Children with OI suffer from frequent:

Tinea corporis (ringworm) is a _____ infection of the skin.

A 20­year­old female presents with vaginal itch and thin­walled pustular lesions. She is diagnosed with candidiasis. This condition is caused by a:

When assessing a patient with scleroderma, which changes in the skin will be observed?

A 40­year­old female is diagnosed with skin cancer. Her primary care provider explains that the most important risk factor for skin cancer is:

In burn injury patients, the rule of nines and the Lund and Browder chart are used to estimate:

A 30­year­old male firefighter is badly burned and is admitted to the emergency department. Which of the following would be expected in the first 24 hours?

Rubella, rubeola, and roseola are common communicable diseases caused by _____ infection.

If a woman has a 28 day menstrual cycle, when will ovulation occur?

A 40 year old patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis? What lab values would you expect to find?