Test
Ch. 3 electrolytes
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Preguntas del test (41)
11. Why are infants most susceptible to significant losses in total body water?
- Aa. High body surface-to-body size ratio
- Bb. Slow metabolic rate
- Cc. Kidneys are not mature enough to counter fluid losses
- Dd. Inability to communicate adequately when he or she is thirsty
22. Why does obesity create a greater risk for dehydration in people?
- Aa. Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling.
- Bb. The metabolic rate of obese adults is slower than the rate of lean adults.
- Cc. The rate of urine output of obese adults is higher than in lean adults.
- Dd. The thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively.
33. A patient’s blood gases reveal the following findings: pH 7.3; bicarbonate (HCO3) 27 mEq/L; carbon dioxide (CO2) 58 mm Hg. What is the interpretation of these gases?
- Aa. Respiratory alkalosis
- Bb. Metabolic acidosis
- Cc. Respiratory acidosis
- Dd. Metabolic alkalosis
44. Water movement between the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment and the extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment is primarily a function of what?
- Aa. Osmotic forces
- Bb. Plasma oncotic pressure
- Cc. Antidiuretic hormone
- Dd. Hydrostatic forces
55. In addition to osmosis, what force is involved in the movement of water between the plasma and interstitial fluid spaces?
- Aa. Oncotic pressure
- Bb. Buffering
- Cc. Net filtration
- Dd. Hydrostatic pressure
66. Venous obstruction is a cause of edema because of an increase in which pressure?
- Aa. Capillary hydrostatic
- Bb. Interstitial hydrostatic
- Cc. Capillary oncotic
- Dd. Interstitial oncotic
77. At the arterial end of capillaries, why does fluid move from the intravascular space into the interstitial space?
- Aa. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary hydrostatic pressure.
- Bb. Capillary hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary oncotic pressure.
- Cc. Interstitial oncotic pressure is higher than the interstitial hydrostatic pressure.
- Dd. Capillary oncotic pressure is lower than the interstitial hydrostatic pressure.
88. Low plasma albumin causes edema as a result of a reduction in which pressure?
- Aa. Capillary hydrostatic
- Bb. Interstitial hydrostatic
- Cc. Plasma oncotic
- Dd. Interstitial oncotic
99. How are secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and the perception of thirst stimulated?
- Aa. Decrease in serum sodium
- Bb. Increase in plasma osmolality
- Cc. Increase in glomerular filtration rate
- Dd. Decrease in osmoreceptor stimulation
1010. Thirst activates osmoreceptors following an increase in which blood plasma component?
- Aa. Antidiuretic hormone
- Bb. Aldosterone
- Cc. Hydrostatic pressure
- Dd. Osmotic pressure
1111. A student asks about natriuretic peptides. Which statement by the professor is most accurate?
- Aa. Decrease blood pressure and increase sodium and water excretion.
- Bb. Increase blood pressure and decrease sodium and water excretion.
- Cc. Increase heart rate and decrease potassium excretion.
- Dd. Decrease heart rate and increase potassium excretion.
1212. When changes in total body water are accompanied by proportional changes in electrolytes, what type of alteration occurs?
- Aa. Isotonic
- Bb. Hypertonic
- Cc. Hypotonic
- Dd. Normotonic
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13. Which enzyme is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney when circulating blood volume is reduced?- Aa. Angiotensin I
- Bb. Angiotensin II
- Cc. Aldosterone
- Dd. Renin
1414. A patient in the hospital has hypernatremia. What condition should the healthcare professional assess for?
- Aa. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
- Bb. Hypersecretion of aldosterone
- Cc. Brief bouts of vomiting or diarrhea
- Dd. Excessive diuretic therapy
1515. A patient has a serum sodium level of 165 mEq/L. The healthcare professional explains that the clinical manifestations of confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, and coma are caused by what mechanism?
- Aa. High sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the brain cells into the blood
vessels, causing brain cells to shrink. - Bb. High sodium in the brain cells pulls water out of the blood vessels into the brain
cells, causing them to swell. - Cc. Low sodium in the blood vessels pulls potassium out of the brain cells, which
slows the synapses in the brain. - Dd. Low sodium in the blood vessels draws chloride into the brain cells followed by
water, causing the brain cells to swell.
- Aa. High sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the brain cells into the blood
1616. What does vomiting-induced metabolic alkalosis cause?
- Aa. Retained sodium to bind with the chloride
- Bb. Hydrogen to move into the cell and exchange with potassium
- Cc. Retention of bicarbonate to maintain the anion balance
- Dd. Hypoventilation to compensate for the metabolic alkalosis
1717. The pathophysiologic process of edema is related to which mechanism?
- Aa. Sodium depletion
- Bb. Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
- Cc. Increased plasma oncotic pressure
- Dd. Lymphatic obstruction
1818. Why is insulin used to treat hyperkalemia?
- Aa. Stimulates sodium to be removed from the cell in exchange for potassium
- Bb. Binds to potassium to remove it through the kidneys
- Cc. Transports potassium from the blood into the cell along with glucose
- Dd. Breaks down the chemical components of potassium, inactivating it
1919. A major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for the transmission of nerve impulses is the ratio between what?
- Aa. Intracellular and extracellular Na+
- Bb. Intracellular and extracellular K+
- Cc. Intracellular Na+ and extracellular K+
- Dd. Intracellular K+ and extracellular Na+
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20. During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in serum hydrogen ions by shifting hydrogen ions into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte?- Aa. Oxygen
- Bb. Sodium
- Cc. Potassium
- Dd. Magnesium
2121. A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient should the professional assess for hyperkalemia?
- Aa. Hyperparathyroidism
- Bb. Vomiting
- Cc. Renal failure
- Dd. Hyperaldosteronism
2222. In hyperkalemia, what change occurs to the cells’ resting membrane potential?
- Aa. Hypopolarization
- Bb. Hyperexcitability
- Cc. Depolarization
- Dd. Repolarization
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23. A patient’s chart indicates Kussmaul respirations. The student asks the healthcare professional what this is caused by. What response by the professional is most accurate?- Aa. Anxiety leads to Kussmaul respirations and is a cause of respiratory acidosis.
- Bb. A compensatory measure is needed to correct metabolic acidosis.
- Cc. Diabetic ketoacidosis is leading to metabolic acidosis.
- Dd. More oxygen is necessary to compensate for respiratory acidosis.
2424. A healthcare provider notes that tapping the patient’s facial nerve leads to lip twitching. What electrolyte value is correlated with this finding?
- Aa. K+: 2.8 mEq/L
- Bb. K+: 5.4 mEq/L
- Cc. Ca++: 8.2 mg/dL
- Dd. Ca++: 12.9 mg/dL
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25. A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum- containing antacids. What lab value does the healthcare professional correlate to this behavior?- Aa. Magnesium 1.8 mg/dL
- Bb. Phosphate 1.9 mg/dL
- Cc. Sodium 149 mEq/L
- Dd. Potassium 2.5 mEq/L
2626. A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient should the professional assess for hypermagnesemia as a priority?
- Aa. Hepatitis
- Bb. Renal failure
- Cc. Trauma to the hypothalamus
- Dd. Pancreatitis
2727. Physiologic pH is maintained at approximately 7.4 because bicarbonate (HCO3) and carbonic acid (H2CO3) exist in what ratio?
- Aa. 20:1
- Bb. 1:20
- Cc. 10:2
- Dd. 10:5
2828. Where is two thirds of the body’s water found?
- Aa. Interstitial fluid spaces
- Bb. Vascular system
- Cc. Intracellular fluid compartments
- Dd. Intraocular fluids
2929. A healthcare professional just administered a large dose of insulin to a patient. Which electrolyte value should the professional monitor as a priority?
- Aa. Sodium
- Bb. Potassium
- Cc. Calcium
- Dd. Magnesium
3030. Why does increased capillary hydrostatic pressure result in edema?
- Aa. Losses or diminished production of plasma albumin
- Bb. Inflammation resulting from an immune response
- Cc. Blockage within the lymphatic channel system
- Dd. Sodium and water retention
3131. A patient’s electrocardiogram (ECG) shows tall, peaked T waves. What lab value or assessment would the healthcare professional correlate with this finding?
- Aa. Positive Chvostek sign
- Bb. Serum potassium 6.7 mEq/L
- Cc. Nausea and vomiting
- Dd. Serum sodium 138 mEq/L
321. Which groups are at risk for fluid imbalance? (Select all that apply.)
- Aa. Women
- Bb. Infants
- Cc. Men
- Dd. Obese persons
- Ee. Older adults
332. A patient is admitted to the hospital with dehydration. For which signs or symptoms would the healthcare professional assess? (Select all that apply.)
- Aa. Moist mucous membranes
- Bb. Weak pulses
- Cc. Tachycardia
- Dd. Polyuria
- Ee. Weight loss
343. What are the causes of hypocalcemia? (Select all that apply.)
- Aa. Repeated blood administration
- Bb. Pancreatitis
- Cc. Decreased reabsorption of calcium
- Dd. Hyperparathyroidism
- Ee. Kidney stones
354. A patient is admitted with hyponatremia. For which clinical manifestations would the healthcare professional assess? (Select all that apply.)
- Aa. Headache
- Bb. Seizures
- Cc. Paranoia
- Dd. Confusion
- Ee. Lethargy
365. A patient has been diagnosed with hypercalcemia. Which manifestations does the healthcare professional assess for? (Select all that apply.)
- Aa. Diarrhea
- Bb. Calcium-based kidney stones
- Cc. ECG showing narrow T waves
- Dd. Lethargy
- Ee. Bradycardia
376. A patient’s serum potassium level is 2.7 mEq/L. Which clinical manifestations does the healthcare professional assess for? (Select all that apply.
- Aa. Paralytic ileus
- Bb. Sinus bradycardia
- Cc. Atrioventricular block
- Dd. Dry mucous membranes
- Ee. Tetany
387. A third of the body’s fluid is contained in the extracellular interstitial fluid spaces that include what? (Select all that apply.)
- Aa. Urine
- Bb. Intraocular fluids
- Cc. Lymph
- Dd. Blood plasma
- Ee. Sweat
398. An imbalance of potassium can produce which dysfunctions? (Select all that apply.)
- Aa. Weakness of skeletal muscles
- Bb. Cardiac dysrhythmias
- Cc. Smooth muscle atony
- Dd. Visual impairment
- Ee. Hearing loss
409. Which statements regarding total body water (TBW) are true? (Select all that apply.)
- Aa. During childhood, TBW slowly decreases in relationship to body weight.
- Bb. Gender has no influence on TBW until old age.
- Cc. Men tend to have greater TBW as a result of their muscle mass.
- Dd. Estrogen plays a role in female TBW.
- Ee. Older adults experience a decrease in TBW as a result of decreased muscle mass.
4110. The calcium and phosphate balance is influenced by which three substances? (Select all that apply.)
- Aa. Parathyroid hormone
- Bb. Vasopressin
- Cc. Thyroid hormone
- Dd. Calcitonin
- Ee. Vitamin D
Información
- Descripción
- El usuario ha eliminado su información de asignaturas Test sobre Ch. 3 electrolytes , creado por Usuario eliminado el 05/02/2022.
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- Usuario eliminado
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- Creado el 5 feb 2022 · actualizado el 5 feb 2022
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