PSYC3700 Exam 1

Pregunta 1 de 82

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argued that our source of certainty lies in our awareness of ourselves as sentient, together with pre-existing thoughts.

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 82

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argued that we cannot know what is real until we know with some certainty what it is that we can know.

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 82

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knowledge is also known as , which is knowing THAT something is the case.

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 82

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knowledge is also known as , which is knowing HOW to do something.

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 82

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knowledge, supported by Descartes, is the idea that ideas/principles are pre-installed in the human mind by a God.

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 82

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is to rationalism as __ is to empiricism

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Locke; Descartes
Descartes; Locke

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 82

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are from the general to the specific

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 82

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are from the specific to the general

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 82

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Darwin had a view of the mind

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 82

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can be defined as the descendent from a common evolutionary ancesor

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 82

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Nature is to , and nurture is to ___.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Declarative Knowledge/Hot & Procedural Knowledge/Cold
Declarative Knowledge/Cold & Procedural Knowledge/Hot
Procedural Knowledge/Hot & Declarative/Cold
Procedural Knowledge/Cold & Declarative Knowledge/Hot

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 82

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Evolution can be defined as

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 82

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Natural selection is a simple product of the concurrence of 3 requirements:

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 82

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is when species stop evolving and the average value of traits remains the same. Evolution occurs under

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 82

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The European Peppered Moth discussed in class is an example of rather than .

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 82

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are the wellspring of evolutionary change.

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 82

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Natural selection can only operate on .

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 82

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Natural selection modifying existing attributes to do different things

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Adaptive radiation
Divergent evolution
Fitness
Gene pool

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 82

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is when two structures (such as a bat wing and a dragon fly wing) where they are alike, but not the same and do not share the same evolutionary history.

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 82

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is a set of structures that are shared by a common ancestor (such as the flipper or a walrus and the wing of a bat).

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 82

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Why can no adaptation ever be perfect?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Environmental conditions are not fixed and change over time
Mutations are the wellspring of evolution
Natural selection can only act on what exists
All of the above
Environmental conditions are not fixed & natural selection can only act on what exists

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 82

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, is the emergence of a new species

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 82

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is speciation that follows from a population of animals being separated spatially.

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 82

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As was the case with Darwin's finches, appearance is helpful in identifying species, but it does not define the species: the adherence to this definition is

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 82

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( Hybridization, Allopatric speciation, Divergent evolution, Homoplasy ) is when the population may re-join without speciation taking place and the 2 gene pools effectively merge

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 82

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To understand the historical or evolutionary context in which specific characteristics arise or disappear, we need to be able to identify the taxa using a

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 82

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Skeletal material and behaviour are both

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 82

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A trait that is shared by 2 or more species, but is not present in the common ancestor because it has evolved more recently. This provides a more accurate picture of relatedness, called ( synapmorphies, apomorphies, homoplasy, homology, analogy )

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 82

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or is when a trait can carry or disappear within a clade independently of a common ancestor.

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 82

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A is a set of adjacent alleles or DNA sequences that is inherited together

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 82

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Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Looking at the graph of oil-droplet evolution in vervetes,
Label 1. Which TWO species evolved independently from one another since the time of separation from the common ancestor
and 2. Which vision was the common ancestor for the bottom group?
and 3.What principle is graph illustrating?

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 82

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The problem with is that we cannot extract useable genetic material from fossils, and gene clocks may not be properly calibrated. Thus, we must combine phenotypic phylogenies and genotypic phylogenies.

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 82

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Darwin promoted the when he pointed to baboons as a source of information

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 82

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Chimpanzees are more closely related to humans than they (chimpanzees) are related to gorillas.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 82

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The good thing about gene-based phylogenies is that the number of mutations that have occurred within and across clades can also serve as a molecular clock for dating.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 82

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operate on the assumption that spontaneous errors in nucleotide sequences during replication (mutations) happen at a fixed average rate.

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 82

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For a gene/molecular clock to be calibrated, a is conducted

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 82

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The hominoidea group does not include apes and is solely consisting of all homosapians (living and extinct)

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 82

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Hominoids are characterized by 3 distinct modes of locomotion.... which ones?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Bipedalism
Knuckle walking
Brachiation
Swimming
Sitting
Swinging

Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 82

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Humans are alone among the living primates in habitually walking bipedally. It is a feature only of the hominid lineage.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 41 de 82

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Bipedalism evolved from a ( knuckle walking, brachiating, swimming, quadrapedal ) ancestor

Explicación

Pregunta 42 de 82

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The good thing about gene-based phylogenies:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Operate on the assumption that spontaneous errors in nucleotide sequences during replication (mutations) happen at a fixed average rate, reflecting amount of time has passed since they split off from a common ancestor. Calibrated using a fossil record [how they found dogs were wolves]
They are unbiased and scientifically accurate.
Helps identify possible selection pressures.
Allows us to infer WHEN attributes first emerged as well as it's functional significance.
They tell us not only WHEN something happened, but also WHERE it did.

Explicación

Pregunta 43 de 82

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( Founder effects, Allopatric speciation, Synapomorphy, Anapomorphy ) can be defined as the loss of genetic variability, through chance alone, that occurs when a small subset of a larger population is reproductively isolated and thus shifts the gene pool accordingly

Explicación

Pregunta 44 de 82

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is a major problem in the construction of phylogenies. But, if we can identify it as such, it can be valuable in the comparative method.

Explicación

Pregunta 45 de 82

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is an expression of the same trait by different members of a clade only because it has been carried and hasn't come under selection pressure (if it ain't broke - don't fix it!)

Explicación

Pregunta 46 de 82

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Even though we have equal numbers of living arboreal and terrestrial species, there is no evidence that the group size of each is a consequence of its ecological niche [analyze by interdependent contrasts]

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 47 de 82

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is a good example of descent with modification in hominin communities.

Explicación

Pregunta 48 de 82

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( Platyrrhini, Strepsirihini, Haporhini, Catarrhini ) primates are broad nosed. Their nostrils are far apart and generally open to the side. These are the New World Monkeys [confined to Central and South America] and are typically diurnal.

Explicación

Pregunta 49 de 82

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( Catarrhini, Platyrrihini, Haplorhini, Strepsirhini ) primates are narrow nosed that are flat and downwards. This includes humans and the old world monkeys/apes [Africa/Asia]

Explicación

Pregunta 50 de 82

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( Strepsirhini, Haplorhini, Platyrrihni, Catarrhini ) primates have a bent, inwardly turned nose, and typically wet dog-like noses and are mostly nocturnal.

Explicación

Pregunta 51 de 82

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( Haplorhini, Strepsirhini, Platyrrihni, Catarrhini ) primates have simple noses are have 2 subtypes within this group.

Explicación

Pregunta 52 de 82

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We humans, and other apes of the Platyrrihini, are apart of the Hominoidea group.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 53 de 82

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Hominoidea [we + apes of the catarrhine] belong to this group. Phylogenetically, the apes are characterized by the absence of a tail and are generally divided into 2 groups:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Hylobatidae [lesser apes]
Hominidae [great apes]
Hylobatidae [great apes]
Hominidae [lesser apes]

Explicación

Pregunta 54 de 82

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The few living apes that were around during the miocene area occupied a variety of ecological niches and probably displayed physical and behavioural diversity that we now associate with the Old World Monkeys that replaced them [baboons, vervet monkeys]

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 55 de 82

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Not all living apes are ripe fruit eaters.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 56 de 82

1

The era in which mammals first appeared, or the 'age of the reptiles'.

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Misocene era
Mesozoic era
Cretacious period

Explicación

Pregunta 57 de 82

1

Which 3 clades made it through the cretacious period when dinosaurs died?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Platypus
Marsupials
Placental mammals
Monkeys

Explicación

Pregunta 58 de 82

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There was a lineage splitting and this diversification is linked to the occupation of different and recently vacated ecological niches. It's likely that the diversification was underpinned by 3 apomorphic adaptations...

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Sensitive hearing made possible by the evolutionary emergence of the detached middle ear from the mandible
The evolution of tribosphenic molars
The emergence of the capacity to regulate body temperature using metabolic heat or shivering
The evolution of bipedalism to maximize transportation efficiency through running
The evolution of speech

Explicación

Pregunta 59 de 82

1

As a general rule, the most important thing to be able to do while up a tree is to avoid predation.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 60 de 82

1

What 3 adaptations made the ability to move from one food source to another possible?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

The evolution of primate grasp: the power grip, and the precision grip
The evolution of binocular vision to aid stereopsis
The emergence of only having 1 offspring at a time as opposed to a litter
The emergence of language
Speed increased by past experience with predators

Explicación

Pregunta 61 de 82

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Which 3 things were sacrificed for the adaptations to live in the trees?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Teeth
Claws
Panoramic vision
Sociality
Quadrapedalism
Problem solving
Binocular vision
Digit

Explicación

Pregunta 62 de 82

1

❌ australopiths chewed their way out of trouble. Their teeth are large, grinding molars that allowed them to process hard foods. ❌ australopiths had teeth that were less committed to a particular ecological view.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Robust

Gracile

Explicación

Pregunta 63 de 82

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The first identified member of our species was either or

Explicación

Pregunta 64 de 82

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was the first hominin to leave Africa

Explicación

Pregunta 65 de 82

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was a hominin with small stature and small brain size

Explicación

Pregunta 66 de 82

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The emergence of the hominids is associated with:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

living in the trees
competition with apes living alongside humans
the cooling down and drying out of Africa
predation driving hominids to expand across the world

Explicación

Pregunta 67 de 82

1

The problems posed by savanna woodlands are of 2 kinds

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Those associated with getting enough food and water
Those associated with increased risk of predation
Those associated with staying cool
Those associated with needing to communicate

Explicación

Pregunta 68 de 82

1

Primates have a specialized cooling system to cool their brains.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 69 de 82

1

Our inheritance of small incisors means that we were not dentally pre-adapted to meat eating.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 70 de 82

1

Selecciona la opción correcta del menú desplegable para completar el texto.

Lucy, an ( australopithecus afarensis, homo erectus, homo habilis, homo ergaster, neanderthal, homo florensiensis ), was readily bipedal. Unlike chimps and more like us, her arms are shortened relative to her legs and her spine is curved and her tarsal bones are less manoeuvrable.

Explicación

Pregunta 71 de 82

1

We see in hominids a reduction in size of incisors and canine teeth and a substantial increase in the size of the molars. We also find an increase in the robustness of the lower jaw.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 72 de 82

1

Skeletal fossils allow us to infer not only the overall size of an extinct animal but also how it moved.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 73 de 82

1

Selecciona la opción correcta del menú desplegable para completar el texto.

Living in a more open country places a premium on the need for ( locomotion to be energetically efficient, self-defence against predation, trees to sprout up to live in, stereopsis vision for finding food ).

Explicación

Pregunta 74 de 82

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Running is more energetically demanding than running.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 75 de 82

1

The smaller you are, it makes no difference in efficiency for walking vs running. If you are bigger, running has more energy costs.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 76 de 82

1

Chimp walking is very inefficient compared to the cost expected for a quadrupedal mammal of the same weight. Chimpanzees are more efficient when they run.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 77 de 82

1

Modern humans have an extraordinary capacity for long-distance running. Humans have a suite of adaptation that make the costs of endurance running tolerable....

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Adaptations that minimize energy demand [balanced head, swivelling neck, long achilles tendons that soak up energy for free, large gluteus maximus for balance]
Humans have become taller and leaner [reduces the surface area exposed to direct sunlight and allows us to benefit from laminar air flow & alters body volume/surface ratio to ease heat loss]
Stereopsis vision [color vision, binocular vision, precision]
Bipedalism

Explicación

Pregunta 78 de 82

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The is the collision of competing locomotory and reproductive selection pressures.

Explicación

Pregunta 79 de 82

1

Primate fetuses grow faster than those of average mammals.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 80 de 82

1

Human gestation is evolutionarily conserved.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 81 de 82

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If it weren't for our , we would all arrive in the world without any real complications.

Explicación

Pregunta 82 de 82

1

In order to deal with the problems of large heads in humans, (2 things):

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

We are born earlier than we should be
Natural selection has produced very elastic neonatal skulls that can deform in response to the pressures imposed by a rigid pelvis
We have adapted to sweat in order to 'cool our brains'
Natural selection has provided us with language

	Creado por Amy Labossiere hace más de 8 años

PSYC3700 Exam 1

PSYC3700 Exam 1

Pregunta 1 de 82

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

argued that our source of certainty lies in our awareness of ourselves as sentient, together with pre-existing thoughts.

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 82

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

argued that we cannot know what is real until we know with some certainty what it is that we can know.

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 82

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

knowledge is also known as , which is knowing THAT something is the case.

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 82

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

knowledge is also known as , which is knowing HOW to do something.

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 82

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

knowledge, supported by Descartes, is the idea that ideas/principles are pre-installed in the human mind by a God.

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 82

____________ is to rationalism as ______________ is to empiricism

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 82

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are from the general to the specific

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 82

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

are from the specific to the general

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 82

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

Darwin had a view of the mind

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 82

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

can be defined as the descendent from a common evolutionary ancesor

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 82

Nature is to __________, and nurture is to _____________.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 82

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

Evolution can be defined as

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 82

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

Natural selection is a simple product of the concurrence of 3 requirements:

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 82

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

is when species stop evolving and the average value of traits remains the same. Evolution occurs under

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 82

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

The European Peppered Moth discussed in class is an example of rather than .

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 82

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

are the wellspring of evolutionary change.

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 82

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

Natural selection can only operate on .

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 82

Natural selection modifying existing attributes to do different things

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 82

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

is when two structures (such as a bat wing and a dragon fly wing) where they are alike, but not the same and do not share the same evolutionary history.

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 82

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

is to rationalism as __ is to empiricism

Nature is to , and nurture is to ___.

( Hybridization, Allopatric speciation, Divergent evolution, Homoplasy ) is when the population may re-join without speciation taking place and the 2 gene pools effectively merge

A trait that is shared by 2 or more species, but is not present in the common ancestor because it has evolved more recently. This provides a more accurate picture of relatedness, called ( synapmorphies, apomorphies, homoplasy, homology, analogy )

Looking at the graph of oil-droplet evolution in vervetes,
Label 1. Which TWO species evolved independently from one another since the time of separation from the common ancestor
and 2. Which vision was the common ancestor for the bottom group?
and 3.What principle is graph illustrating?