interent protcols

The Internet Protocols

• Point of Presence
• Network Access Point
• Internet Protocols
• Transmission Control Protocols
• File Transfer Protocols
• Internet service provider

Point of Presence

• An access point to the internet. Normally, it is a location which contains all of the hardware which allows internet users access to the internet.
• An ISP may have several Pops to allow good access to the internet.
• A point of presence was a location where a long-distance carrier could terminate services and provide connections into a local telephone network.
• An internet point of presence is an access point to the internet
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vUD8U7eLbQ0 (Enclavar)

Network access point

• An interchange between networks within the internet
• It allows ISPs interconnect with each other
• A network access point was a public network exchange facility where internet service providers connected with one another in peering arrangement
• 

Internet Protocols

• The protocols used to route packets of information across the internet.
• An individual unit of data is carried across a network , including the internet.
• It is made up for a header which identifies the packet and a body which is the actual data message
• It is one of the functions of the transmission control protocols to organise an internet message into packets
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7rR8p6gsExY (Enclavar)

Transmission Controls Protocols

• The protocol which takes data from a users applications program and passes it to the IP for transfer across the internet
• The transmission control protocol is a core protocol of the internet protocol suite
• It originated in the initial network implementation in which it complemented the internet protocol
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KlZ3uZiULWk (Enclavar)

File Transfer Protocol

• A standard protocol which allows files to be transferred between two computers on a TSP -based network
• It is commonly used to download programs to your computer from other servers and to upload web pages that you have created to the server that is hosting them on the internet
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57wkPt7LbhU (Enclavar)

Internet Service Provider

• Direct connection to the internet would be very costly and so IPSs provide a cost-effective
• Gateway for people and organisations to get onto the internet , in the UK they are many
• IPSs with some of the most popular ones being BT , Virgin Media and Sky
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_LPdttKXPc (Enclavar)

Server

• A computer or program which runs purely to serve the needs of other computers. It runs special service software to service the requirement of the users (clients). There are several types of servers , including file servers and printer servers on a local area network (LAN), and web and emails servers that manage communication with the internet.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wszDDuz_Dow (Enclavar)

Client

• A computer which uses the services provided by the server
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sXuMrSkyTpY (Enclavar)

Router

• A piece of hardware that connects two or more networks. In relation to the internet, data from the ISP is sent into the network and the router then directs the data packets to the correct destinations. The router also handles data travelling in the other direction. Routers can be described as ‘directors of traffic’ for the networks
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qxb9qSvzTn8 (Enclavar)

Backbone

• The main connecting data routes between large networks on the internet and smaller networks in local regions

Wireless

• Used by wireless-enabled devices (computers, mobiles, smartphones, etc.) to log in to the internet. Wireless is exactly what it says; there are no wires to connect
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OyUAMKYngRY (Enclavar)

Broadband

• A wired connection to a broadband supplier. Normally the connection is via a network card in the computer. Cable users have an Ethernet connection from their computer to the network.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzcEgzdDhec (Enclavar)

Dial-up

• A wired connection via a conventional telephone line, which needs a modem to convert signals to and form analogue for transmission.

Network Diagram

Key words - Definitions

• Hyperlink
• Web server
• Wizard
• HTML
• HTML element
• URL
• Search Engine

Hyperlinks

• A link from a hypertext document to another location, activated by clicking on a highlighted word or image.
• Web pages are connected using hyperlinks. A hyperlink is a link that, when clicked on, takes the website reader to another web page on the website or to a different website.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qcjBrEvwIE4 (Enclavar)

Web Server

• Websites are held on a computer called a web server , which is connected to the internet and delivers web pages to users’ computers. When an internet user wants to look at a web page from a specific website, it is the web server’s job to deliver(download) those pages to the user’s computer.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=54n_iXocB6o (Enclavar)

Wizard

• You can create HTML directly in the language itself or by using authoring software (such as Adobe ®Dreamweaver ® or Microsoft ® Expression) which uses templates and wizards to create HTML code.

HTML

• HTML is a computer language used to create web pages. You can create HTML directly in the language itself or by using authoring software (such as Adobe ® Dreamweaver ® or Microsoft ® Expression
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ggh_y-33Eso (Enclavar)

HTML Element

• The content between each pair of tags is called an Html element . The language is written as a series of elements. Gradually the elements build up to describe a web page. Table 1.5 gives a small, simplistic example.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9DnFlQrhGQQ (Enclavar)

URL

• Web pages are searched for using a uniform resource locator (URL) , which is a string of characters that identify a particular web page on the internet. Every web page has a unique URL.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9DnFlQrhGQQ (Enclavar)

Search Engine

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DA1mooP1J30 (Enclavar)
• A ‘search and find’ system into which you type what you are looking for and a series of ‘best match’ results will then be displayed.