processes of erosion

processes of transportation: the movement of eroded material

course of the river

features of a drainage basin

causes of flooding

flood managements

the hydrological cycle

infiltration

percolation

throughflow

groundwater flow

surface runoff

channel flow

channel storage

groundwater storage

interception storage

surface storage

permeable rocks

impermeable rocks

drainage basin

drainage basins are separated by a boundary called a watershed - ridges of high land

a drainage basin

tributary

source

confluence

mouth

weathering in a drainage basin

mechanical weathering

chemical weathering

biological weathering

hydraulic action

corrasion

attrition

corrosion

traction

saltation

suspension

solution

deposition

waterfalls and gorges are found in the upper course of a river

interlocking spurs

meanders:
large bends in a river

ox-bow lakes:
formed from meanders

flood plain

levees:
natural embankments along the edges of a river channel

deltas:
low lying areas where a river meets the sea or a lake

types of delta

river discharge

storm hydrograph

peak discharge

lag time

rising limb

falling limb

factors that increase discharge and make the hydrograph steeper

factors that decrease discharge and make the hydrograph gentler

urban areas have drainage systems and are covered with impermeable materials increasing discharge so hydrographs are steep

human causes of flooding

hard engineering to reduce flooding

soft engineering to reduce flooding

hard engineering

soft engineering

flood in MEDC:
River Eden, Carlisle, 8.1.2005
heavy rainfall

flood in LEDC:
River Ganges, India, July 2007
heavy rainfall