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Th1L05 Lipids and membrane structure

Usuario eliminado El usuario ha eliminado su información de asignaturas Inglés 63 fichas

Th1L05 Lipids and membrane structure

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  1. 1Hydrophilic component of a phospholipidpolar head group
  2. 2Examples of a polar head group found in phospholipids (4)serine, choline, ethanolamine, inositol
  3. 3Polar head groups of phospholipids attach to what via whatbackbone of glycerol through a phosphate groupPolar head groups of phospholipids attach to what via what
  4. 4Hydrophobic component of a phospholipidTwo fatty acyl side chains
  5. 5The two fatty acyl side chains attach to what via whatthe glycerol backbone via ester bondsThe two fatty acyl side chains attach to what via what
  6. 6Hydrophobic and hydrophilic components make phospholipids whatamphipathic
  7. 7Sphingomyelin is whatComponent of neural membrane of myelin
  8. 8What makes sphingomyelin uniqueit lacks a glycerol backbone
  9. 9What is the polar head of sphingomyelincholine
  10. 10In sphingomyelin, the phosphate groups attach to what and whatceramide, a single fatty acyl chainIn sphingomyelin, the phosphate groups attach to what and what
  11. 11Components of a glycerol backboneCH2, CH, CH2 (across), two O down which attach to the fatty acid chains via an ester bond
  12. 12Fully saturated FAs have how many double bondsnone
  13. 13Stearic acidFully saturated, 18:0
    18 carbon atoms in fatty acid, no double bonds
  14. 14Palmitic acidFSFA; 16:0
    16 carbon atoms in fatty acid, no double bonds
  15. 15Myristic acid14:0
    14 carbon atoms in fatty acid, no double bonds, SFA
  16. 16Mono-unsaturated FA has how many double bondsOne double bond
  17. 17Oleic acid18:1
    18 carbon atoms; 1 double bond
  18. 18Poly-unsaturated FA has how many double bondsseveral
  19. 19Arachidonic acid20:4
    20 carbon atoms, 4 double bonds
  20. 20Delta indicates whatposition of double bonded in relation to the carboxyl group
    counting from the carboxyl terminal
  21. 21A kink in a fatty acid represents whata double bond in a fatty acidA kink in a fatty acid represents what
  22. 22In cholesterol, what interacts with the polar head groups of the membrane phospholipids and sphingolipidsHydroxyl group (hydrophilic region)In cholesterol, what interacts with the polar head groups of the membrane phospholipids and sphingolipids
  23. 23The bulky steroid and the hydrocarbon chain are embedded in the_____________ , alongside the ________________membrane, nonpolar fatty-acid chain of the other lipids
  24. 24Lipid bilayers are described asasymmetrical
  25. 25Phospholipids facing extracellular environment includePhosphatidylcholine; sphingomyelin
  26. 26Phospholipids facing intracellular environment includePhosphatidylerserine, phosphatidylethanolamine
  27. 27Phospholipids are generated whereWithin the cell
  28. 28Fluidity is whatthe ease in which lipid molecules move about in the plane of bilayer
  29. 29Fluidity is important in the regulation of whatmembrane function (e.g. movement of proteins, signalling, exocytosis)
  30. 30Short chain fatty acids do what to fluidityReduce the tendency of hydrocarbon chains to interact and hence increase fluidity
  31. 31Kinks in unsaturated fatty acids do what to fluidityResult in less stable van der Waals interactions with other lipids and hence increase fluidity
  32. 32High cholesterol does what to fluidity and what is the clinical relevanceRestricts the random movement of polar heads, orders the lipid bilayer and decreases fluidity
    Alters cell shapes, impairs oxygen transport, destruction of red blood cells and anaemia
  33. 33Cholesterol is rich in which regions of plasma membranelipid rafts
  34. 34When are cholesterols levels abnormalWhen content of red blood cells is increased by 20-60% above normal
  35. 35Increased cholesterol content of red blood cell membranes is associated with whatsevere liver diseases e.g. Cirrhosis
  36. 36What are the components of plasma membrane structureHydrophobic regions, hydrophilic regions, proteins, glycoprotein, carbohydrate side chain
  37. 37Carbohydrate side chain will usually face which directionout into the extracellular space
  38. 38Membrane composition varies according to whatcellular location
  39. 39Carbohydrates only found in what of cellsplasma membrane
  40. 40Carbohydrates make up how much of the plasma membrane (%)8%
  41. 41What is the protein lipid ratio of the plasma membrane1:1
    protein : lipid
  42. 42What is the protein lipid ratio of the outer mitochondrial membrane1:1
    protein : lipid
  43. 43What is the protein lipid ratio of the inner mitochondrial membrane3:1
    protein: lipid ratio
  44. 44What is the protein lipid ratio of the nuclear membrane3:1
    protein: lipid ratio
  45. 45What is the most common lipid in the cell membranephos/choline
  46. 46Integral (intrinsic) proteins are found whereEmbedded in lipid bilayer, most span the entire bilayer
  47. 47Transmembrane spanning domains of intrinsic proteins are either what or whatalpha helices or beta sheets
  48. 48Integral or intrinsic proteins usually serve what functionChannel or transporter
  49. 49Anchored proteins are usually found whereanchored to membrane by covalently bound fatty acid (part of a glycolipid)
  50. 50Alkaline phosphate is an example of whatan enzyme; anchored protein
  51. 51RAS is an example of whatfatty acyl anchored protein
    signalling protein; relays information from the cell membrane
  52. 52Peripheral (extrinsic) proteins are found whereattached to the plasma membrane surface by ionic interactions with integral proteins or with polar head group of phospholipids
  53. 53Spectrin is an example of whatperipheral or extrinsic protein
    structural protein; on the cytoplasmic surface of erythrocytes
  54. 54Phospholipase A2 is an example of whatperipheral or extrinsic protein
  55. 55Phospholipase A2 is capable of whatcleave fatty acids from phospholipids
  56. 56Sites of phospholipase A2 action (3)(1) Polar head (choline, ethanolomaine, myo-inositol) from phosphate group (PLD)
    (2) Phosphate group from glycerol backbone (PLC)
    (3) Remove the fatty acids (PLA1 - usually saturated), (PLA2, usually unsaturated)
  57. 57High salt - urea treatment can remove which proteinsperipheral proteins
  58. 58Detergent (protein solution) can remove which proteinsperipheral, anchored and integral proteins of the bilayer
  59. 59Phospholipase can remove which proteinsperipheral and anchored proteins of the bilayer
  60. 60Detergents have a similar structure to what naturally occurring molecule and for what reasonphospholipids with a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail
  61. 61Detergent monomers form whatdetergent polymer micelles
  62. 62Micelles + membrane proteins results in what two componentswater-soluble-lipid-detergent complex and water-soluble-lipid-detergent micelles
  63. 63Removing detergent and adding phospholipids back to proteins allows you to do whatstudy your protein of interest and its function

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El usuario ha eliminado su información de asignaturas Fichas sobre Th1L05 Lipids and membrane structure, creado por Usuario eliminado el 26/08/2016.
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Usuario eliminado · ago 2016
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27 ago 2016
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22
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  • Creado por Emma Allde · 16 ago 2016
  • Copiado por Emma Allde · 26 ago 2016
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