Fichas
Judaism
Fichas del conjunto (49)
- 1Judaism has about 13 million followers throughout the world, mostly in USA and Israel.Approximately 270,100 people in the UK said that their religious identity was Jewish (2011 census).
- 2Judaism originated in the Middle Eastover 3500 years ago.
- 3Moses was the main founder of JudaismJews can trace their history back as far as Abraham
- 4AbrahamJews regard Abraham (as he was later called) as the first Patriarch of the Jewish people.
- 5One GodAbraham was the first person to teach the idea that there was only one God; before then, people believed in many gods.
- 6God makes promises to AbrahamGod asked Abram to leave his home and country and he makes Abraham three promises: the promise of a relationship with God, numerous descendents and land.
- 7What does Abraham do?Abraham packed up all of his belongings;
took Sarai, his wife; Lot, his brother's son;
all of his servants and all of his cattle and left for a new land.
Abraham and his family traveled a long way passing through towns and villages.
When they reached the plane of Moreh the Lord appeared to Abram again and said, “I will give this land to your children.” - 8Abraham is blessed to have a son in old ageBut God intended to try Abraham, to see if he loved Him above all else
- 9One day God told Abraham to take his son Isaac, and to journey into the land of Mount Moriah. There he was to build an altar and offer Isaac as a sacrifice.On the third day they came near the place God had pointed out, and Abraham left the young men with the ass, while he and his son journeyed up the mountain alone.
- 10Abraham built an alter to sacrifice his sonThen God called to Abraham, "Lay not thine hand upon the lad, neither do thou anything unto him; for now I know that thou fearest God, seeing that thou hast not withheld thy son, thine only son from Me."
- 11Jews believe that there is only one God.Jews believe they have a special agreement or covenant with God. In exchange for all the good that God has done for them, Jewish people keep God's laws and try to bring holiness into every aspect of their lives.
- 12The most holy Jewish book is the TorahThe Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible) which was revealed by God to Moses on Mount Sinai over 3,000 years ago.
- 13The Torah, together with the Talmud (commentary on the Torah), give the Jewish people rules for everyday life.Observing these rules is central to the Jewish religion.
- 14Jews worship in SynagoguesA Jewish Religious leader is called a Rabbi (literally 'teacher')
- 15Shabbat (The Sabbath)The most important day of the week is Shabbat (the Sabbath). It is the day on which Jews remember the seventh day of creation on which God rested. On Shabbat Jews stop working and make time for God and family life.
- 16Shabbat starts on Friday evening and ends at sunset on Saturday.Shabbat begins with the family sharing a meal.
During Shabbat, services are held at the synagogue, often led by a Rabbi. - 17Passover (Pesach in Hebrew) is one of the most important festivals in the Jewish year.At this time Jewish people remember how the children of Israel left slavery behind them when they were led out of Egypt by Moses over 3000 years ago.
- 18The story of the PassoverMoses went to see Pharaoh many times. Each time Pharaoh refused to release the Israelites. Moses warned Pharaoh that God would send terrible plagues on Egypt if Pharaoh did not let them go.
- 1910 PlaguesThe ten plagues were: blood, frogs, gnats, flies, blight of the livestock, boils, hail, locusts, darkness and the death of the first born
- 20Why the festival is called PassoverThe final plague was the death of the first born. God told Moses that the Israelites should mark their doorposts with lamb's blood so that God could 'pass over' their houses and spare them from this plague. This is why the festival is called Passover.
- 21MatzahEventually Pharaoh gave in and told Moses and the Israelites to go at once. They left in such a rush that their bread did not have time to rise. This is why, during Passover, Jewish people eat unleavened bread called Matzah. It looks a bit like crisp bread.
- 22How Passover is celebrated todayThe celebrations last for seven or eight days, depending on where you live.
- 23Cleaning HousesSome families clean their houses thoroughly to remove all crumbs of chametz (leaven). This remembers the Jews leaving Egypt who did not have time to let their bread rise. In many Jewish homes children enjoy taking part in a ritual search for any specks of leaven left behind
- 24Seder PlateOn the evening before the Passover begins, a special service called a Seder ('Order') takes place over a meal with family and friends in the home.
- 25—The Seder plate on the table consists of:
A lamb bone
A roasted egg
A green vegetable to dip in salt water
Bitter herbs made from horseradish
Charoset (a paste of chopped apples, walnuts and wine)
- 26On the tableOn the table, there are three Matzot (unleavened bread) on top of each other. At the start of the Seder, the middle Matzah is broken and the largest piece is hidden. During the Seder the children hunt for it. The one who finds it receives a small prize.
- 27What is drunkFour small glasses of wine are drunk to represent the four expressions of freedom which refer to the Israelites being brought out of slavery. The wine symbolises joy and happiness.
- 28ElijahAn extra cup of wine is placed on the table and the door is left open for Elijah. Jews believe that the prophet Elijah will reappear to announce the coming of the Messiah and will do so at Pesach.
- 29HaggadahDuring the evening the story of how the Israelites fled from Egypt is retold from a book called the Haggadah ('Narration').
- 30Seder CushionEveryone at the Seder each has a cushion to lean on. This is to remind them that they are now free people, no longer slaves.
- 31Who takes partEverybody takes part in reading the Haggadah, some in Hebrew and some in English, many songs are sung and four questions are asked by the youngest child. The father answers.
- 32Rosh HashanahRosh Hashanah is the Jewish New Year festival. It lasts two days.
- 33It commemorates the creation of the world.Rosh Hashanah is also a judgement day, when Jews believe that God balances a person's good deeds over the last year against their bad deeds, and decides what the next year will be like for them.
- 34t's a time for people to think about their priorities in life and to reflect on what has been achieved in the past year.It's a time of asking for forgiveness for wrongdoings (sins)
- 35It's a chance for Jews to ask questions about their actions throughout the year.Questions considered during Rosh Hashanah include:
What's the most meaningful thing in my life?
Who in my life means the most to me? How often do I let them know this?
What are the most significant things I've achieved in the past year?
What do I hope to achieve next year and in my life generally? - 36In the SynagogueA lot of time is spent in the synagogue during Rosh Hashanah.
- 37ShofarOne of the synagogue rituals for Rosh Hashanah is the blowing of the Shofar, a ram's horn trumpet. A hundred notes are sounded in a special rhythm.
- 38After the service a special meal is eaten at home, including:apples dipped in honey, a symbol of the sweet New Year that each Jew hopes lies ahead
a sweet carrot stew called a tzimmes is often served
Hallah (or Challah) bread in a round loaf, rather than the plaited loaf served on the Sabbath, so as to symbolise a circle of life and of the year
often a pomegranate on the table because of a tradition that pomegranates have 613 seeds, one for each of the commandments that a Jew is obliged to keep. - 39Yom Kippur is the most sacred and solemn day in the Jewish calendar.It means Day of Atonement
It's a day to reflect on the past year and ask God's forgiveness for any sins
Jewish people fast for 25 hours - 40Getting ready for Yom KippurDuring the 10 days between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur everyone gets a chance to put things right with other people before asking God's forgiveness. This period is called The Days of Repentence or Days of Awe.
- 41What happens on Yom Kippur?The special day of Yom Kippur is marked by Jewish people in a number of ways:
Many wear white as a symbol of purity
No food or drink is consumed for 25 hours. (Children under thirteen and people who are ill or pregnant do not have to fast)
No make-up or perfume is worn
No sex
No bathing
No leather shoes - 42In the SynagogueThe most important part of Yom Kippur is the time spent in the synagogue. Even Jews who are not particularly religious will want to attend synagogue on Yom Kippur, the only day of the year with five services.
- 43On Yom KippurThere are five services in the synagogue.
The day is spent in continuous prayer for forgiveness.
The sound of the shofar (ram's horn) marks the end of the holy day. - 44Hanukkah or Chanukah is the Jewish Festival of Lights.In the western calendar Hanukkah is celebrated in November or December.
- 45The story of HanukkahThe festival reminds Jews of a time over 2500 years ago when Antiochus, a Syrian king, tried to make the Jewish people worship Greek gods. A statue of Antiochus was erected in the Jewish temple and the Jews were ordered to bow down before him. The Ten Commandments forbid Jews to worship statues or idols and so they refused.
- 46MaccabeesA small group of Jews called Maccabees rebelled, and after a three year war they recaptured Jerusalem from the Syrians. But the temple was all but destroyed.
- 47MenorahThe Jews had to clean and repair the Temple, and when they were finished they rededicated it to God. They did this by lighting the lamp (Menorah) - which was a symbol of God's presence.
- 48Jar of oilOnly one small jar of oil was found, enough for one day, but miraculously the lamp stayed alight for eight days.
- 49How is Hanukkah celebrated today?Hanukkah is celebrated by lighting one candle on the Hanukiah (an eight-stemmed candelabrum) each day.
The Hanukiah symbolises how God looked after the Jewish people at this difficult time.
Información
- Descripción
- El usuario ha eliminado su información de asignaturas Fichas sobre Judaism, creado por Usuario eliminado el 04/10/2016.
- Creado por
- Usuario eliminado · oct 2016
- Actualizado
- 8 dic 2016
- Visitas
- 43
- Historial
-
- Creado por Andrew Gilmour · 1 jun 2016
- Copiado por Pete Wilson · 4 oct 2016
- Valoración