Models of Abnormality

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Biological treatment

deals with the body and in the case of drugs, alter the biochemistry

Drugs used:

Anti-anxiety: calms brain activity

Anti-depressant: prozac, improve mood by increasing the availability of neurotransmitters like serotonin

Anti-psychotic: used for Sz

ECT

works on the activity of the brain directly

by applying an electric shock of approximately 100 volts

to either one side of the brain (unilateral) or both sides of the brain (bilateral)

muscle relaxants and anaesthetic are given to reduce physical damage

electrode attached to the scalp

an electric current is passed through it

induces a convulsion (seizure) that lasts approximately a minute

work

-works quickly, especially short term

-Is particularly good for acute cases of depression

However there is side effects of memory loss and still unclear on how it works. Also a large proportion of those receiving ECT under the Mental Health Act have not consented to treatment

Psychodynamic treatment

The seizure is thought to cause a shift in the body's hormonal system, causing a decrease in the symptoms of depression

'Psychoanalysis' design to bring unconscious thoughts into the conscious

Dream analysis: dreams are seen as an expression of the unconsicous mind

Free association: clients are encouraged to say the first thing that comes into mind without censorship

All aim to bring unconscious mind to surface

expensive and thought to only be suitable for certain disorders

behaviourist argues that the disorder itself should be treated, concerning about the past is not necessary and will not deem anything

Are effective, alleviating many of the symptoms. However only focuses on symptoms and not the original cause disorder itself.

'Placebo effect' patients are expecting improvements. Also side effects are a negative aspect of drugs.

Aversion therapy

Token economy

Systematic desensitisation: based on CC aim to replace negative response with positive e.g. spiders. first teach relaxation and gradually introduce the stimulus that causes the negative reaction, least anxiety dealt with first. If relax, will replace negative emotions. But seems dependent on the client's ability to imagine situation

they don't examine the unconscious mind, aim to replace maladaptive behaviours with more adaptive and appropriate behaviour

CBT- asks to share their thoughts so they become aware. Then challenge by role play analysis. Changes how the client thinks and feels and aware of faulty cognition

becoming more popular due to diverse applications

appeal to people who do not want to go through lengthier processes of psychoanalysis

Behavioural treatment

Cognitive treatment

Treatments of abnormality