Introduction to Pharmaceutical Forms

Introduction to Pharmaceutical Forms

1. TABLETS

   • Coatings
     • Time Release Technology Abbreviations
       • SR- Sustained Release
       • XL- Extra Long Lasting
       • LA- Long Acting
       • MR- Modified Release
       • PR- Prolonged Release
       • CR- Controlled Release
     • Types
       • Enteric Coating / Gastro Resistant
         • This is a coating applied to a tablet which protects the drug from the acidity of th stomach and ensure the drug is released in the intestines
       • Sugar Coating
         • This coats the tablet in a thick sugar coat masking any bad tastes of the drug and can also increase drug stability by protecting it from moisture and light
       • Film Coating
         • This is where a inactive layer which prevents the person from tasting the drug but is broken down once in the stomach or by large amounts of moisture
   • Labelling
     • Those tablets forms which come in blister packs, the prescription must be labelled securely and appropriately on the package

2. CAPSULES

   • What are capsules?
     • This is where the drug is encapsuled in one of two froms.Hard Shelled Capsules or Soft shelled capules. This is usually the most efficient form of dosage delivery. Many over the counter medicines are therefore made as capsules
   • Labelling
     • Capsules also come in as blister packs, the package must also be labelled with the prescription on the original package or any oher container the tablets are put into.

3. PASTILLES AND LOZENGES

   • What are pastilles and lozenges?
     • These are tablets like drugs which should be kept in the mouth and not to be excessively chewed or sucked
       • They are made from liquids which have been liquified. An example of one is the nicotine pastilles which are left in the mouth

4. POWDERS

   • What are powders?
     • The are solid finely divided particles that are intended for both internal (oral) and (topical) external powders
   • Characteristics
     • They disperse more readily than compacted solid forms, which means that they are less stable compacted forms
   • Types
     • Internal use (oral use)
       • Bulk powders which are dissolved in a liquid
     • External Use (topical)
       • Local Effect eg topical dusting powders
       • Systematic Effect

5. Liquid Dosage Forms

   • What is a liquid dosage form?
     • This is where an active drug in the form of a liquid is dissolved with an aqueous or non aqueous solvent
   • Labelling
     • The labeling must be done on the bottle if it is more than 10ml in size

6. Eye Drops

   • Labelling
     • The container should be labelled unless it is too small

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