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SCR16-18

Pregunta 1 de 41

1

What is the minimum number of people required to constitute organized crime, according to the Criminal Code definition?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Two or more Canada residents.

  • Three or more Canadian residents.

  • Three or more persons in or outside Canada.

  • Two or more persons.

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 41

1

Table 16.1 identifies numerous characteristics of organized crime, all of which are collectively grouped into four categories. Which of the following is not one of these categories?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Institutional.

  • Rational.

  • Commercial.

  • Structural/organizational.

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 41

1

In his seminal study of criminal groups in New York City, Ianni (1974) identified two basic forms of relationships among individuals involved in organized crime. Which of the following terms does he apply to criminal conspiracies that are held together by business relationships among members?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Entrepreneurial.

  • Syndicated.

  • Hierarchical.

  • Associational.

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 41

1

Which of the following distinguishes organized crime from terrorism?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The existence of an organizational structure.

  • The use of violence.

  • International operations.

  • The pursuit of financial or material benefits as its main motivation.

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 41

1

Which of these criminal activities can be considered both a predatory and a consensual crime?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The counterfeiting and sale of digital entertainment products.

  • Stock market manipulation.

  • Fraud.

  • Kidnapping for ransom.

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 41

1

Which of the following is not generally considered a consensual organized criminal activity?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Extortion.

  • Prostitution.

  • Drug trafficking.

  • Gambling.

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 41

1

Which of the following is not one of the dominant organized crime genres in Canada identified in the textbook?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Nigerian.

  • Aboriginal.

  • Russian.

  • Italian.

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 41

1

The term La Cosa Nostra refers to which of the following?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The Sicilian Mafia in Italy.

  • Turkish–American organized crime.

  • Italian–American organized crime.

  • The Columbian Mafia in the US.

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 41

1

The term “vory v zakone” is a part of what organized crime genre?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Russian organized crime.

  • Vietnamese organized crime.

  • Outlaw motorcycle gangs.

  • Italian organized crime.

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 41

1

What country has the highest number of Hells Angels members per capita, according to the textbook?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Mexico.

  • United States.

  • Canada.

  • England.

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 41

1

What is the dominant illegal activity carried out by Aboriginal organized crime in central Canada?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Smuggling.

  • Prostitution.

  • Gambling.

  • Fraud.

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 41

1

What theory concerning the origin and structure of organized crime in North America was forcefully promoted by the US Senate Committee headed by Senator Kefauver?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Patron–client theory.

  • Alien conspiracy theory.

  • Group conflict theory.

  • Ethnic succession theory.

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 41

1

Jewish gangsters were overrepresented among drug traffickers in Quebec during the 1920s. At the same time, it is largely acknowledged that anti–Semitism was widespread in that province. Based on these facts, which of the following theories best explains the rise of the Jewish gangster in Quebec?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Alien conspiracy theory.

  • Routine activities theory.

  • Ethnic succession theory.

  • Interactionist theory.

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 41

1

What is the term used by the textbook to describe how organized crime arises from the criminalization of a good or vice by the state?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Ethnic succession theory.

  • Neo–classical theory.

  • Strain theory.

  • Public policy impetus.

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 41

1

Which of the following is not one of the models proposed to describe the structure of an organized crime group?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The syndicate model.

  • The interactionist model.

  • The kinship model.

  • The bureaucratic/hierarchical model.

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 41

1

Which of the following models describes organized crime as involving a fluid and loosely knit network of like– minded criminal entrepreneurs, none of whom has any long–term authority over the others?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Kinship model.

  • Network model.

  • Bureaucratic/hierarchical model.

  • Patron–client model.

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 41

1

Which of the following best describes the costs of white–collar crime to society, compared to street crime?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • It is a little more costly in dollar terms.

  • It is less costly in dollar terms.

  • It is much more costly in dollar terms.

  • It is about the same in terms of societal costs.

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 41

1

What is the distinction drawn between occupational crime and organizational crime?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Occupational crime is committed by the higher class, organizational crime by the lower class.

  • Occupational crime is committed to advance the goals of a business or corporation; people in positions of trust commit organizational crime.

  • Occupational crime is committed by the lower class, organizational crime by the higher class.

  • People commit occupational crime for personal gain, while organizational crime is committed to advance the goals of a business or corporation.

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 41

1

The chief accountant of a law firm writes cheques to herself, withdrawing funds from clients’ accounts. What is this an example of?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Occupational crime.

  • Corporate crime.

  • Executive disengagement.

  • Organizational crime.

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 41

1

What are crimes committed on behalf of corporations called?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Occupational crimes.

  • Professional crimes.

  • White–collar crimes.

  • Organizational crimes.

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 41

1

Why is white–collar crime related to class position?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Unlike street crimes, white–collar crime is committed exclusively by those in the middle class.

  • White–collar positions carry a level of power that provides employees with freedom from control, which may be criminogenic.

  • The lower someone ranks in their graduating class from business school, the higher the chance they will commit a white–collar crime.

  • Individuals who lack business school education do not have the knowledge it takes to commit most white–collar crimes.

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 41

1

What does the legal concept of a “juristic person” refer to?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The concept of intention or mens rea.

  • The legal principle that businesses are to be treated as individuals.

  • Equality before the law.

  • Judges and other members of the court.

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 41

1

Which of the following terms refers to the custom by which lower–level employees assume that executives are best left uninformed of certain decisions and actions of employees?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Executive disengagement.

  • Insider trading.

  • Management liability.

  • Juristic person.

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 41

1

What term does the textbook use when referring to a legitimate economic market that is structured in such a way that it tends to produce criminal behaviour?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Corporate anomie.

  • Juristic disengagement.

  • Underground economy.

  • Criminogenic market structure.

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 41

1

Earl Jones and Bernie Madoff where both responsible for orchestrating series investment frauds. According to the textbook both individuals were involved in:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Accounting fraud.

  • Insider auditor fraud.

  • Bookkeeping fraud.

  • Ponzi fraud.

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 41

1

According to a survey of judges by Mann et al. (1980), why do corporate offenders receive relatively light sentences?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • They have very good lawyers.

  • Judges and corporate executives come from the same upper–class background.

  • They have done little harm.

  • Judges believe they have suffered sufficiently through apprehension, public indictment, and conviction.

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 41

1

Which of the following is not an example of an Occupational Crime?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • A doctor who overbills an insurance provider

  • A company that knowingly misreports quarterly profits.

  • A pharmacist who sells counterfeit medicine

  • A cashier who discounts items for his/her friends

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 41

1

Which of the following terms is used to refer to criminal and unethical behaviour by professional practitioners, such as doctors?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Ponzi schemes.

  • Occupational criminal practising.

  • Price–fixing.

  • Unprofessional conduct and malpractice.

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 41

1

All of the following are common forms of investment and securities fraud, except one. Which is the exception?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Pump and dump.

  • Ponzi scheme.

  • Extortion.

  • Insider trading.

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 41

1

People who work in the justice system sometimes break the rules or exhibit incompetence. A good example of this incompetency is the case of David Milgaard. According to the textbook, the Milgaard case is an example of:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Racial Profiling

  • White Collar Crime

  • Wrongful Convictions

  • Political Corruption

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 41

1

After visiting over 150 Canadian Auto Repair shops Robert Sikorsky (1990) concluded that a significant portion of these businesses overcharged and provided unnecessary repairs. According to the textbook, this is an example of:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Political Corruption

  • Criminogenic disregard.

  • White–Collar Crime

  • Blue–Collar Crime

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 41

1

Which of the following can best be described as phishing?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Using an Internet connection to access social media, chat rooms, or other places of electronic assembly to make contact with a child or person under 16 to meet for sexual purposes.

  • The attempt to remotely circumvent the security or privacy measures of an Internet website in order to either steal information or carry out other malicious actions against the owner of the website.

  • When a fraudster sends an e–mail purportedly from a bank requesting information on the recipient’s bank account with the intention of stealing money from that account.

  • The use of specially designed software to download original material from a protected media source (e.g., online movie) to a hard disk, for the purposes of illegal resale or redistribution.

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 41

1

Which of the following terms refer to the use of specially designed software to download original material from a protected media source (e.g., online movie) to a hard disk, for the purposes of resale or redistribution?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Ripping.

  • Skimming.

  • Spamming.

  • Phishing.

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 41

1

Which of the following terms refer to attempts to remotely circumvent the security or privacy measures of an Internet website in order to either steal information or to carry out other malicious actions against the owner of the website?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Spamming.

  • Phishing.

  • Skimming.

  • Hacking.

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 41

1

Which of the following can best be described as skimming?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Sending an e–mail purportedly from a bank requesting information on the recipient’s bank account with the intention of stealing money from that account.

  • Attempting to remotely circumvent the security or privacy measures of an Internet website in order to either steal information or to carry out other malicious actions against the owner of the website.

  • Sending unsolicited and unwanted bulk e–mail messages to other users.

  • Using software and hardware to steal data (usually related to credit cards) by intercepting e–transmissions, which will enable the cloning or counterfeiting of specific financial instruments (credit cards, bank cards, etc.) for the purposes of theft and fraud.

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 41

1

Which of the following best represents the term cybercrime?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Crimes that differentiate online institutional targets from human ones.

  • Crimes committed by cyborgs.

  • Online crimes that are largely analogous to offline crimes of violence and sexual offending.

  • Any criminal, deviant, or terrorist act that takes place over the Internet.

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 41

1

Which of the following terms refers to the use a computer to orchestrate large–scale “attacks on information,” including government or critical infrastructure servers or any database of interest to national security?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Cyberterrorism.

  • Cybertrafficking.

  • Cyberdeviance.

  • Cybercrime.

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 41

1

Computer–based criminal offences committed against financial institutions or government agencies tend to fall under blanket terms such as cyberespionage or cyberterrorism. Which of the following is not common to each of these?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Hacking is often central to these cyberattacks.

  • They both attack human targets.

  • They both require the use of technology, such as a computer and Internet access.

  • They both attack institutional targets, not human targets.

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 41

1

What is it called when a number of disparate users within a virtual space follow the lead of a cyberbully and publicly gang up on a single victim by sending harassing and humiliating communications?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Cyberbullying.

  • Cybermassacre.

  • Flashmobbing.

  • Cybermobbing.

Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 41

1

Secretly watching others (offline) without their consent to foster a sense of arousal (also called voyeurism) is analogous to what in the digital (online) world?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The use of a smartphone for the purposes of sexting.

  • The use of a smartphone to make obscene phone calls.

  • The use of a smartphone to secretly record or photograph people.

  • Trolling the Internet to download digital pictures of people.

Explicación

Pregunta 41 de 41

1

The subcultural networks of people who seek to circumvent the customary user experiences of websites are best described as:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Deviant cybercommunties

  • Internet pirates

  • Cyberbullies

  • Scatologia

Explicación

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