Changing Urban Environments

Changing Urban Environments

1. Global Urbanisation

   • Pace of urbanisation
     • Rich world
     • Poor world
   • Causes
     • Rural-urban migration
       • Push factors
       • Pull factors

2. Land use

   • Retail/shops
   • Housing
   • Industry
   • Recreation
   • Functional zones
     • CBD
     • Inner city
       • Built before 1918 in UK
     • Outer city/ suburbs
     • Rural-urban fringe

3. Rich World Urban Issues

   • 1. Housing
     • Problem
       • Increasing number of households
     • Solutions
       • Brownfield Development
       • Greenfield Development
   • 2. Inner city decline
     • Strategy 1
       • Urban Development Corporations
         • LDDC
     • Strategy 2
       • City Challenge
         • Regeneration
     • Strategy 3
       • Sustainable communities
   • 3. Traffic
     • Park-and-ride schemes
     • Congestion charge
   • 4. CBD decline
     • Example - Leicester
       • Solution - Highcross
   • 5. Cultural mix
     • Segregation
       • Reasons
       • Support & integration
   • Birmingham

4. Squatter Settlement Issues

   • Living in sqatter settlements
   • Improvement strategies
   • Dharavi, Mumbai

5. Problems of Rapid Urbanisation - Poor World

   • Problems
     • Environmental disasters
     • Toxic pollution
     • Water pollution
     • Waste and pollution
   • Solutions
     • Waste disposal/ recycling
     • Air pollution limits
     • Dharavi, Mumbai
     • Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya

6. Sustainable Urban Living

   • Features of sustainable cities
     • Conserving historic & natural environment
     • Reducing & disposing of waste
     • Adequate open spaces
     • Involving local people
     • Providing efficient transport
     • Curitiba
     • Bedzed

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