Classical vs Modern

T. H. Green - people are selfish and act in their own interest. However, people have a natural desire to enhance others' welfare. People are philanthropic and self-seeking.

J. Locke - human nature is characterised by tolerance and reason, but inherently humans are selfish and egotistical.

Equality of outcome.

Equality of opportunity.

Equality

Redistribution of wealth is important. Alongside high tax systems, many regulations on businesses and high minimum wage laws. Welfare for the poor is essential as romantic ideas of working hard and making it in life became unrealistic.

Economic freedom - the ability to prosper in a country without intervention from governing bodies or economic authorities. If there is taxation it has to be low.

Flows from the idea of social liberalism. Liberalism should address social injustice. Society contains various economic and social issues and these must be addressed. Further, society should be constructed in a way to benefit the individual.

Society is described as atomistic; the individual is seen as the basic unit for examination of all implications of social life. The individual is the true object of concern and analysis.

The government needs to have a hands-on role; establishing programmes to help people. Recommended greater role of the government.

Laissez-faire government; the government should act to protect the citizenry. Government power can be viewed as a necessary evil.

Economy

Society

State

Modern Liberalism

Classical Liberalism

Human nature