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Psyc1022 Multiple Choice
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Preguntas del test (49)
1The notion that unconscious motivations can influence our overt behaviour is MOST consistent with the views of
- ACarl Rogers
- BWilhelm Wundt
- CB.F. Skinner
- DSigmund Freud
2The school of psychology that suggests psychologists should study only what can be objectively observed is
- Ahumanism
- Bbehaviourism
- Cstructuralism
- Dfunctionalism
3Which of the following groups of psychologists would be MOST likely to focus on individual uniqueness, freedom, and potential for growth in a person?
- Abehaviourists
- Bpsychoanalysts
- Chumanists
- DGestalt psychologists
4After World War II, many psychologists began to specialise in
- Aclinical psychology
- Bresearch psychology
- Cexperimental psychology
- Dindustrial psychology
5The term that refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge is
- Acognition
- Bpedagogy
- Cempiricism
- Dintrospection
6Decision making, reasoning, problem solving, language and memory are topics MOST likely to be studied by
- Aevolutionary psychologists
- Bbiological psychologists
- Ccognitive psychologists
- Dbehavioural psychologists
7Janet trained her dog to sit on command by following this behaviour with a reward of a dog biscuit and praise. Janet used the principles of
- Abehaviorism
- Bhumanism
- Cpsychoanalysis
- Dfuctionalism
8The idea that psychology is empirical suggests that
- Areason and logic are primary to psychology
- Bconclusions should be guided by theories
- Cconclusions should be based on direct observation
- Dresearch should focus on underlying, internal events
9Liam is reading a magazine article about a new "wonder drug" and finds himself wondering who participated in the study, and what evidence the claims are based on. Liam's thinking illustrates the idea that
- AMotives and expectations can colour experiences
- Binformation needs to be viewed with a certain degree of skepticism
- Csingle-cause explanations are often inaccurate
- Dsciences do not exist in a cultural vacuum
10Dr Kline takes an eclectic approach in treating psychological disorders. She often prescribes medications that influence neurotransmitter levels, but she also works with her clients to change their behaviour and understand the role of social factors in their problems. Dr Kline's approach to therapy illustrates the idea that
- Aour cultural backgrounds exert a considerable influence over our behavior
- Bmotives and expectations can color our experiences
- Cunconscious motivation has little impact on overt behavior
- Ddiffering theoretical perspectives can provide a more complete understanding of behavior
11World War I and World War II stimulated the growth of psychology as a profession. This influence illustrates which of the textbooks unifying themes?
- APsychology evolves in a sociohistorical context
- BPsychology is theoretically diverse
- CPsychology is empirical
- DOur experience of the world is highly subjective
12Roger and Lydia met for a blind date. Roger had been told by his best friend that Lydia was charismatic and vivacious. During their date Lydia was friendly but she was quite shy and didn't initiate much of the conversation. Still, Roger thinks that Lydia is one of the most exciting people that he has met, and he can't wait to see her again. Roger's reaction to his date with Lydia shows that
- Aunconscious motivation has little impact on overt behavior
- Bpeople's experience of the world is highly subjective
- Cbehaviour is determined by multiple causes
- Dcultural heritage has a large impact on behavior
13The text's unifying theme of "heredity and environment jointly influence behaviour" is often referred to as describing the
- Anature versus nurture issue
- Bstate versus trait issue
- Cbiological versus psychological issue
- Dpsychological versus biological issue
14The sequence of age-related changes that occur as a person progresses from conception to death is known as
- Amaturation
- Bthe perinatal period
- Cdevelopment
- Dchildhood
15The close, emotional bond of affection between an infant and its caregiver is called
- Aattachment
- Bdependency
- Cimprinting
- Didentification
16Mercedes takes her 1 year old son, Justice, to visit a day-care enter where she plans to enrol him. Justice eagerly explores the playroom as long as Mercedes is present. When his mom leaves the room to fill out some forms, Justice becomes somewhat upset, but when Mercedes returns, he quickly calms down. This is the type of interaction you might observe between a child and a parent who
- Ashare an avoidant attachment relationship
- Bshare an anxious-ambivalent attachment relationship
- Cshare a secure attachment relationship
- Dhave not yet developed an attachment relationship
17Harlow's research with monkeys raised with two types of artificial mothers found that when frightened, infant monkeys went to the artificial mother that
- Aprovided food
- Bdid not provide food
- Cwas made of cloth
- Dwas made of wire
18In Erikson's theory, the psychosocial crisis during adolescence is
- Aidentity versus confusion
- Bgenerativity versus self-absorption
- Cindustry versus inferiority
- Dintimacy versus isolation
19The major shortcoming of Erikson's psychosocial stages of theory of development is that
- Ahe failed to look at adult development
- Bhe placed too little emphasis on social forces in the development of personality
- Clike many stage theories, it pays little attention to explaining individual differences
- Dhe fails to account for continuity in personality developmen
20If an infant's basic biological needs are met by others and sound attachments are formed during the first year of life, the infant will, most likely, successfully resolve the crisis associated with the ______________ stage.
- Aindustry versus inferiority
- Btrust versus mistrust
- Cautonomy versus shame and doubt
- Dinitiative versus guilt
21For children, in which Piagetian stage might we be correct with the old expression "Out of sight is out of mind"?
- Aconcrete operational
- Bpreoperational
- Csensorimotor
- Dformal operations
22The assumption of preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it is an example of
- Aegocentrism
- Bcentration
- Cconservation
- Dreversibility
23The stage of concrete operations is said to be "concrete" because
- Athe child attributes human qualities to concrete objects
- Bfacts are taken t be set in stone, not to be given up easily
- Can object must be present for the child to recognize its existence
- Dchildren can perform operations only on tangible objects ad actual events
24If Lawrence Kohlberg were to present you with a moral dilemma, in which of the following would he be MOST interested?
- Ayour judgement of right and wrong in this situation
- Bwhat you would do in this situation
- Cwhether your intended behaviour in this situation is consistent with your moral judgement about it
- Dyour reasons for whatever moral judgement you had about the situation
25In the 1960s, even though most his friends tried recreational drugs, Sebastian refused to experiment with drugs. He did not think the drugs were likely to be harmful, but using the drugs was illegal, and he believes each person has a moral obligation to obey society's rules. Sebastian's reasons for NOT experimenting with drugs reflect.
- Apreconventional moral reasoning
- Bconventional moral reasoning
- Cpostconventional moral reasoning
- Dsocial moral reasoning
26In an emergency, we would all react differently from one another because we all have different personalities and experiences. This quality of personality is called
- Aconsistency
- Bdifferentiation
- Cconstancy
- Ddistinctiveness
27According to the five-factor model of personality, people who score high in ___________ are characterized as anxious, hostile, self-conscious, insecure and vulnerable.
- Aneuroticism
- Bextraversion
- Cconscientiousness
- Dopenness to experiences
28Janelle is suspicious and uncooperative. Her friend think she is a boastful person who is seldom sympathetic. Based on the five-factor model of personality, Janelle would probably score
- Alow in openness
- Blow in agreeableness
- Chigh in neuroticism
- Dlow in extraversion
29The id can be BEST described as having which of the following statements as its motto?
- AMom always liked you best
- Bdo the right thing
- Cwe can work it out
- Dif it feels good, do it
30Jason just sat down to work on his term paper when his friends called and invited him to a party. If Jason decides he will only go after he finishes outlining the term paper, his decision reflects the function of his
- Aid
- Bsuperego
- Cego
- Dpreconscious
31Observational learning and self-efficacy are associated with
- ARoger's person-centred theory
- BBandura's social cognitive theory
- CJung's analytical theory
- DMischel's person-situation approach
32Which of the following approaches to personality is MOST likely to be criticized for denying the existence of free will and the importance of cognitive processes?
- APsychoanalytic approach
- Bbehavioural approach
- Ccognitive approach
- Dhumanistic approach
33Which of the following theoretical perspectives would be most likely to argue that a person's subjective view of the world is more important than the objective reality?
- Abehavioural approach
- Bcognitive approach
- Chumanistic approach
- Dbiological approach
34Thomas describes himself as an open and relaxed individual, but people who know him well would describe Thomas as secretive and tense. According to Carl Rogers, Thomas is likely to
- Aexperience incongruence
- Bbe low in self-monitoring
- Cexperience congruence
- Dbe low in self-efficacy
35Which of the following is one of the major criticisms of the humanistic approach to personality?
- AIt is too deterministic
- BIt is too optimistic about human nature
- CIt presents a fragmented view of personality
- DIt de-emphasizes the subjective natre of self-concept
36According to Rogers, parents who give their children affection both when the children meet, and also when they fail to meet expectations, provide their children with
- Aconditional love or affection
- Bunconditional love or affection
- Ccontinual love or affection
- Dgeneralized love or affection
37Skinner would explain why one student responds positively to receiving a B on a test whilst another student responds negatively to a B by noting that
- Aone student has a stronger superego than the other
- Bone student has more self-efficacy than the other
- Cthe students have different personality traits
- Dthe students have different histories of reinforcement and punishment
38The belief that one has the ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes is referred to as
- Aself-efficacy
- Bself-monitoring
- Cself-control
- Dself-justification
39Which of the following theoretical perspectives would be least likely to rely on animal research
- Abehavioural approach
- Bcognitive approach
- Chumanistic approach
- Dbiological approach
40Psychodynamic personality theories focus on
- Aan individual's freedom and potential for growth
- Bgenetic factors
- Cunconscious mental forces
- Dlearning
41Homeostasis is a state of
- Aphysiological stability
- Bphysiological instability
- Cpsychological stability
- Dpsychological instability
42Which of the following behaviours is consistent with a drive theory of motivation
- AEating an apple when hungry
- Beating dessert after a large meal
- Clooking up information in the encyclopaedia
- Dstudying hard to earn an "A" on the test
43Evolutionary theories of motivation suggest that motives result in behaviours that
- Arestore homeostasis
- Bmaximise reproductive success
- Creduce biological needs
- Dreduce inentives
44According to motivation theorists, we would expect people generally to be
- Amore similar in biological than in social needs
- Bmore similar in social than in biological needs
- Chighly varied in both social and biological needs
- Dquite similar in both biological and social needs
45Rita has just finished a large meal at her favourite restaurant. Although she is quite full, when the waiter brings the dessert tray, she oers a piece of chocolate cheesecake. In this instance, Rita's behaviour is LEAST consistent with:
- Aincentive theories of motivation
- Bthe expectancy-value theory of motivation
- Cthe self-awareness theory of motivation
- Ddrive theories of motivation
46Max has the need to master difficult challenges, to outperform others, and to meet high standards for excellence. According to researchers such as McClelland and Atkinson, Max MOSY likely
- Ahas high affiliation needs
- Bis high in achievement motivation
- Cis low in achievement motivation
- Dhas a high fear of failure
47Esteban has a job that pays well and he recently moved to a neighbourhood where there is little crime. Lately, he finds that he is thinking seriously about finding the right person to settle down with, and raising a family. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, at this point in time Esteban is MOST likely motivated by
- Aaesthetic needs
- Bbelongingness and love needs
- Cesteem needs
- Dthe need for self-actualization
48According to goal setting theory what type of goals will most likely lead to the highest performance
- Aeasy goals
- Bno specific goals
- Cchallenging goals
- Dspecific and challenging goals
49According to expectancy theory, the concept of instrumentality refers to:
- Ahow much you really want the outcome
- Byour confidence that if you put in the effort required you will achieve the goal
- Cthe notion that the reward will satisfy an important need
- Dhow confident you are that achieving the goal really well lead to the outcome
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre Psyc1022 Multiple Choice, creado por Melanie Yandell el 26/08/2014.
- Autor
- Melanie Yandell
- Idioma
- English
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