Test
Exercise Physiology Chapter 1
Este test tiene tipos de pregunta que se abren en el reproductor de siempre.
Preguntas del test (60)
1Is smooth muscle voluntary or involuntary
- Avoluntary
- Binvoluntary
2ANATOMY OF A SKELETAL MUSCLE:
The ENTIRE MUSCLE is surrounded by what?- Aendomysium
- Bperimysium
- Cepimysium
3ANATOMY OF A SKELETAL MUSCLE:
The FASCICULI is surrounded by what?- Aendomysium
- Bepimysium
- Cperimysium
4ANATOMY OF A SKELETAL MUSCLE:
The MUSCLE FIBER is surrounded by what?- Aperimysium
- Bendomysium
- Cepimysium
5The entire muscle consists of many [blank_start]bundles[blank_end]
- Abundles
6The fasciculi consists of individual [blank_start]muscle fibers[blank_end]
- Amuscle fibers
7The muscle fiber consists of [blank_start]myofibrils[blank_end] divided into sarcomeres.
- Amyofibrils
8The plasmalemma is also known as the cell [blank_start]membrane[blank_end]
- Amembrane
9The plasmalemma
- fuses with [blank_start]tendon[blank_end]
- [blank_start]conducts[blank_end] action potential
- maintains pH, transports [blank_start]nutrients[blank_end]- Anutrients
- Btendon
- Cconducts
10Satellite cells
- muscle [blank_start]growth[blank_end], development
- response to [blank_start]injury[blank_end], immobilization, training- Agrowth
- Binjury
11The Sarcoplasm
- [blank_start]cytoplasm[blank_end] of muscle cell
unique features: [blank_start]glycogen[blank_end] storage, myoglobin- Acytoplasm
- Bglycogen
12Transverse tubules (T-tubules)
- [blank_start]Extensions[blank_end] of plasmalemma
- carry action potential [blank_start]deep[blank_end] into muscle fiber- AExtensions
- Bdeep
13The sarcoplasmic reticulum serves as Ca2+ storage
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
14What is the correct order from largest to smallest?
- AMuscle > muscle fiber > fasciculi > myofibril
- BMuscle > myofibril > muscle fiber > fasciculi
- CMuscle > fasciculi > muscle fiber > myofibril
15Actin filaments...
- Athick
- Bthin
16Myosin filaments...
- Athin
- Bthick
17myosin filaments have [blank_start]globular[blank_end] [blank_start]heads[blank_end] that protrude 360 degrees from thick filament axis and they will interact with actin filaments for contraction
- Aglobular
- Bheads
18Myosin filaments are stabilized by [blank_start]titin[blank_end]
- Atitin
19Actin filaments are actually composed of three proteins...
[blank_start]Actin[blank_end]
[blank_start]Tropomyosin[blank_end] and
[blank_start]Troponin[blank_end]- ATroponin
- BTropomyosin
- CActin
20[blank_start]Actin[blank_end] : contains myosin binding site
- AActin
- BTropomyosin
- CTroponin
21[blank_start]Tropomyosin[blank_end]: Covers active site at rest
- ATroponin
- BActin
- CTropomyosin
22[blank_start]x[blank_end]: anchored to actin, moves tropomyosin
- Aactin
- Btroponin
- Cmyosin
23WHAT IS A MOTOR UNIT?
- a single motor [blank_start]neuron[blank_end] and all the fibers it [blank_start]innervates[blank_end]- Aneuron
- Binnervates
24In a motor unit, which of the following is true?
- Aless operating motor units = more contractile force
- Bmore operating motor units = more contractile force
- Cmore operating motor units = less contractile force
25Neuromuscular junction
-site of [blank_start]communication[blank_end] between neuron and muscle
- consists of [blank_start]synapse[blank_end] between motor neuron and muscle fiber- Acommunication
- Bsynapse
26MUSCLE FIBER CONTRACTION: Excitation-Contraction coupling STEPS!!
1. Action potential (AP) starts in [blank_start]brain[blank_end]
2. AP arrives at axon terminal, releases [blank_start]acetylcholine[blank_end] (ACh)
3. ACh crosses synapse, binds to ACh [blank_start]receptors[blank_end] on plasmalemma
4. AP travels down [blank_start]plasmalemma[blank_end], T-tubules
5. Triggers [blank_start]Ca2+[blank_end] release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
6. Ca2+ enables actin-myosin [blank_start]contraction[blank_end]- Abrain
- Bacetylcholine
- Creceptors
- Dplasmalemma
- ECa2+
- Fcontraction
27AP arrives at SR from T-tubule...
- SR sensitive to [blank_start]electrical[blank_end] charge
- causes mass release of Ca2+ into [blank_start]sarcoplasm[blank_end]- Aelectrical
- Bsarcoplasm
28Ca2+ binds to troponin on thin filament...
- at rest, [blank_start]tropomyosin[blank_end] covers myosin-binding site, blocking actin-myosin attraction
- troponin-ca2+ complex moves [blank_start]tropomyosin[blank_end]
- myosin binds to [blank_start]actin[blank_end], contraction can occur- Atropomyosin
- Btropomyosin
- Cactin
29During the relaxed state (vs contracted) there is a little overlap in the myofilaments
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
30During the relaxed state, there is actin-myosin interaction at the binding site
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
31During the contracted state,
- myosin head pulls actin toward sarcomere center ([blank_start]power stroke[blank_end])
- [blank_start]filaments[blank_end] slide past each other
- sarcomeres, myofibrils, muscle fiber all [blank_start]shorten[blank_end]- Apower stroke
- Bfilaments
- Cshorten
32After the power stroke ends,
- myosin detatches from [blank_start]active[blank_end] site
- myosin head [blank_start]rotates[blank_end] back to original position
- myosin attaches to another active site [blank_start]farther[blank_end] down- Aactive
- Brotates
- Cfarther
33When does muscle contraction stop?
- when z-disk reaches [blank_start]myosin[blank_end] filaments
OR
- when [blank_start]AP[blank_end] stops, Ca2+ gets pumped back into SR- Amyosin
- BAction potential
34ATP binds to [blank_start]myosin[blank_end] [blank_start]head[blank_end]
- Amyosin
- Bhead
35The muscle relaxes when,
- the [blank_start]Action potential[blank_end] ends, electrical stimulation of SR stops
- then ca2+ is pumped back into the SR- AAction potential
36Without ca2+, troponin and tropomyosin return to [blank_start]resting[blank_end] conformation
- covers myosin-binding site
- prevents actin-myosin cross-bridging- Aresting
37TYPE 1 FIBERS ARE
- Afast twitch
- Bslow twitch
38fast twitch fibers
- Atype 1
- Btype 2
3950% of fibers in the average muscle are type [blank_start]1[blank_end]
50% of the fibers in an average muscles are type [blank_start]2[blank_end]
of this, 25% are type [blank_start]2a[blank_end] and 25% are type [blank_start]2x[blank_end]- A2x
- B2a
- C2
- D1
40Type 1 fibers: Peak tension is in [blank_start]110[blank_end] ms
- A110
41fast myoisin ATPase = [blank_start]fast[blank_end] contraction cycling
slower myosin atpase = [blank_start]slower[blank_end] contraction cycling- Afast
- Bslower
42how can we tell the difference between type 1 and type 2 fibers?
[blank_start]muscle biopsy[blank_end]- Amuscle biopsy
43how can we tell the difference between type 1 and type 2 fibers?
[blank_start]muscle biopsy[blank_end] OR [blank_start]gel electrophoresis[blank_end]- Amuscle biopsy
- Bgel electrophoresis
44what fiber type has more highly developed SR?
[blank_start]fast[blank_end] twitch- Afast
45[blank_start]fast[blank_end] twitch fibers have faster ca2+ release, 3 to 5 times faster.
- Afast
46[blank_start]slow[blank_end] twitch motor unit: smaller neuron, less than 300 fibers
[blank_start]fast[blank_end] twitch motor unit: larger neuron, more than 300 fibers- Aslow
- Bfast
47regardless of fiber type, all muscle fibers reach peak power at approx [blank_start]20[blank_end]% peak force
- A20
48peak power: type 2x > [blank_start]2a[blank_end] > [blank_start]1[blank_end]
- A2a
- B1
49Distribution of fiber types
- each person has different ratios
- in EVERYONE in the soleus, type 1
- arm and leg ratios are similar in one person.
- Endurance athlete: type [blank_start]1[blank_end] predominates
- power athlete: type [blank_start]2[blank_end] predominates- A1
- B2
50slow twitch fibers during exercise:
- high aerobic [blank_start]endurance[blank_end]
- can maintain exercise for prolonged periods
- require oxygen for ATP production
- low- intensity aerobic exercise, daily activities.- Aendurance
51what kind of fibers efficiently produce ATP from fat and carbohydrates?
[blank_start]slow[blank_end] twitch fibers.- Aslow
52in general, [blank_start]fast[blank_end] twitch fibers have poor aerobic endurance, and fatigue quickly.
- they produce ATP anaerobically- Afast
53type 2 [blank_start]a[blank_end] fibers:
- more force, faster fatigue than type 1
- short, high-intensity endurance events (1600m run)
type 2 [blank_start]x[blank_end] fibers:
- seldom used for everyday athletes
- short, explosive sprints (100m)- Aa
- Bx
54fiber type determinants:
[blank_start]genetic[blank_end] factors
[blank_start]training[blank_end] factors
[blank_start]aging[blank_end]- Agenetic
- Btraining
- Caging
55Muscle Fiber Recruitment
- method for altering force production
- [blank_start]less[blank_end] force prod: fewer or smaller motor units
- [blank_start]more[blank_end] force prod: more or larger motor units
- type 1 motor units smaller than type 2- Aless
- Bmore
56What is the correct recruitment order of muscle fibers?
- Atype 2a, 2x, 1
- B1, 2a, 2x
- C2x, 1, 2a
57TYPES OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION: FILL IN BLANKS. USE static, dynamic, concentric and eccentric (both types of dynamic)
[blank_start]DYNAMIC[blank_end] CONTRACTION:
- muscle produces force and changes length
- joint movement produced
[blank_start]STATIC[blank_end] CONTRACTION:
- muscle produces force but does not change length
- joint angle does not change
- myosin CB form and recycle, no sliding
THE TWO TYPES OF DYNAMIC:
[blank_start]ECCENTRIC[blank_end] CONTRACTION:
- muscle lengthens while producing force
- CB form but sarcomere lengthens
- EX: lowering heavy weight
[blank_start]COCENTRIC[blank_end] CONTRACTION
- muscle shortens while producing force
- most familiar type of contraction
- sarcomere shortens, filaments slide toward center- ADYNAMIC
- BSTATIC
- CECCENTRIC
- DCONCENTRIC
58When we need more force, we recruit [blank_start]fast[blank_end] twitch fibers.
When we need less force, we recruit [blank_start]slow[blank_end] twitch fibers.- Afast
- Bslow
59Generation of force...
Length-tension relationship*
- optimal [blank_start]sarcomere[blank_end] length = optimal overlap
- too short or too stretched = little to no [blank_start]force[blank_end] develops..- Asarcomere
- Bforce
60Generation of force
Speed-force relationship
- concentric: maximal force development decreases at higher speeds
- eccentric: maximal force development [blank_start]increases[blank_end] at higher speeds- Aincreases
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre Exercise Physiology Chapter 1, creado por Maggie Jeffery el 25/01/2019.
- Autor
- Maggie Jeffery
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 1
- Historial
- Creado el 25 ene 2019 · actualizado el 26 ene 2019
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