Test
Virology - Chapter 2
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Preguntas del test (56)
1The basic viral particle shapes are [blank_start]spherical[blank_end] (w/ [blank_start]icosahedral[blank_end] symmetry), [blank_start]tube[blank_end] (w/ [blank_start]helical[blank_end] symmetry) and [blank_start]complex[blank_end] (w/ [blank_start]both[blank_end] symmetry)
- Aspherical
- Bicosahedral
- Chelical
- Dtube
- Ecomplex
- Fboth
2The matrix can be found in both envelope and non-envelope viruses.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
3The matrix is found in between the [blank_start]envelope[blank_end] and the [blank_start]capsid[blank_end]
- Aenvelope
- Bcapsid
4envelope proteins also referred to as [blank_start]receptor binding proteins[blank_end] or [blank_start]spikes[blank_end]
- Areceptor binding proteins
- Bspikes
5Particles are useful to viruses because:
1.) protects viral [blank_start]genome[blank_end] from outside [blank_start]cells[blank_end] and outside [blank_start]organisms[blank_end]
2.) carry viral [blank_start]enzymes[blank_end] (such as [blank_start]RT[blank_end] and [blank_start]RdRp[blank_end])
3.) allow for [blank_start]infecting[blank_end] cells- Agenome
- Bcells
- Corganisms
- Denzymes
- ERT
- FRdRp
- Ginfecting
6Light Microscopy can be used to study all virus structures.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
7TEM allows detection of shape and surface features and requires + or - staining.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
8Envelope viruses all look quite similar in terms of their shape and size.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
9influenza is a non-env virus
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
10Envelope viruses, such as influenza, show variation in their shape, especially in the proteins on their surface
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
11Hx ([blank_start]hemagglutinin[blank_end]) and Ny ([blank_start]neuraminidase[blank_end]) refer to [blank_start]envelope[blank_end] proteins on the surface of influenza viruses. X and Y are numbers defining [blank_start]serotypes[blank_end] based on surface antigens.
[blank_start]H1N1[blank_end] and [blank_start]H3N2[blank_end] are influenza virus serotypes we are usually vaccinated with.- Ahemagglutinin
- Bneuraminidase
- Cenvelope
- Dserotypes
- EH3N2
- FH1N1
12Cryo-EM
- Ahave high contrast
- Bhave lower resolution than TEM
- Chave well maintained structures
- Dis based on one image
13In X ray diffraction, virus crystals are bombarded with [blank_start]X-rays[blank_end]. [blank_start]Diffraction[blank_end] patterns on sensor are analyzed and X ray diffraction allows for [blank_start]atomic[blank_end] resolution
- AX-rays
- BDiffraction
- Catomic
14Protein subunits, which compose capsid structures, can assemble with the genome either spontaneously or with the help of scaffolding proteins.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
15assembly of protein subunits in a capsid requires [blank_start]non-covalent[blank_end] interactions
- Anon-covalent
16Scaffolding proteins help with protein subunit assemble into a capsid structure and often times, also becomes part of the capsid structure
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
17We use protein subunits rather than making one large protein unit due to [blank_start]genetic economy[blank_end]
- Agenetic economy
18A stable and tight capsid requires [blank_start]symmetry[blank_end]
- Asymmetry
19For identical subunits, symmetrical closed shells can be assembled into:
1.) [blank_start]tetrahedral[blank_end]
2.) [blank_start]cubic[blank_end]
3.)[blank_start]icosahedral[blank_end]
4.) [blank_start]octahedral[blank_end]
5.) [blank_start]dodecahedral[blank_end]- Atetrahedral
- Bcubic
- Cicosahedral
- Doctahedral
- Edodecahedral
20Cubic has [blank_start]3 fold[blank_end] symmetry at the middle of each face and [blank_start]2 fold[blank_end] symmetry at the edge
- A3 fold
- B2 fold
21an icosahedral structure has [blank_start]20[blank_end] faces.
- A20
223 fold symmetry on an icosahedron can be found at
- Athe vertices
- Bthe edge
- Cthe middle of the face
235 fold symmetry in an icosahedron can be found at
- Athe vertices
- Bthe edge
- Cthe middle of the face
242 fold symmetry of an icosahedron can be found at
- Athe vertices
- Bthe edge
- Cthe middle of the face
25In a simple icosahedron, it is composed of [blank_start]60[blank_end] subunits, [blank_start]12[blank_end] vertices, [blank_start]20[blank_end] faces and [blank_start]30[blank_end] edges.
- A60
- B12
- C20
- D30
26Quasi-equivalent interactions are very similar but not identical interactions
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
27Size of capsid is increased by adding more [blank_start]subunits[blank_end] with [blank_start]6-fold[blank_end] axes.
- Asubunits
- B6-fold
28[blank_start]6[blank_end] subunits contributed by 1 vertices in a 6 fold axes.
- A6
29total number of subunits in a capsid = [blank_start]T * 60[blank_end]
- AT * 60
30If given the triangulation number, you can calculate the total number of subunits by multiplying it by [blank_start]60[blank_end]
- A60
31The triangulation number (T) is equal to h^2 + hk + k^2, where h, k are any two integers, including zero
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
32the simplest icosahedron structure has 60 subunits in total. therefore its triangulation number is [blank_start]1[blank_end]
- A1
33The integers h and can be considered to represent the number of [blank_start]jumps[blank_end] required along [blank_start]two[blank_end] axes on the surface of a [blank_start]capsid[blank_end] to get from one cluster of [blank_start]5[blank_end] subunits to the next, touching down clusters of [blank_start]6[blank_end] subunits along the way
- Ajumps
- Btwo
- Ccapsid
- D5
- E6
34For T = 1, how many jumps are required?
- A1
- B2
- C3
- D4
35For T = 3, how many jumps are required?
- A1
- B2
- C3
- D4
36When T = 3, what are the values for k and h?
- A1
- B2
- C3
37When T = 1, what are the values for k and h?
- Aboth 0
- Bboth
- C0 and 1
38TMV has a [blank_start]+ssRNA[blank_end] genome. It has a [blank_start]helical[blank_end] symmetry, in which each subunit binds to [blank_start]3 nt.[blank_end]
- A+ssRNA
- Bhelical
- C3 nt.
39The packaging signal for TMV is a [blank_start]large RNA stem-loop[blank_end] structure.
- Alarge RNA stem-loop
40Packaging signals have low affinity to capsid proteins, leading to preferential packaging of viral RNA
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
41Helix can be described by:
1.) [blank_start]u, subunits per turn[blank_end]
2.) [blank_start]p, vertical displacement[blank_end] between [blank_start]adjacent[blank_end] subunits
3.) [blank_start]P, pitch of the helix[blank_end]- Au, subunits per turn
- Bp, vertical displacement
- Cadjacent
- DP, pitch of the helix
42Pitch of the helix refers to the distance along the [blank_start]helical axis[blank_end] that corresponds to [blank_start]one helical turn[blank_end]
- Ahelical axis
- Bone helical turn
43The pitch of the helix is [blank_start]u * p[blank_end]
- Au * p
44What does this correspond to?
A.) p
B.) P
c.) u
- Ap
45Assembly of virions or nucleocapsid is primarily extracellular
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
46assembly of virions can occur in different sub cellular compartments, such as the cytosol of the cell
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
47assembly of virions may occur after the virus exits the cell for rearrangements to occur, usually regulated by proteases
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
48Many envelope proteins are [blank_start]type-I[blank_end] integral viral [blank_start]glyco[blank_end]proteins. the [blank_start]N[blank_end] term on the outside of the particle
- Atype-I
- Bglyco
- CN
49Which virus does this method of budding?
- Atogavirus
50Togaviruses have [blank_start]icosahedral[blank_end] NCs.
Their [blank_start]envelope proteins[blank_end] are sent to the cell membrane.
the [blank_start]NC and envelope protein[blank_end] interact to curve and pinch off.- Aicosahedral
- Benvelope proteins
- CNC and envelope protein
51Togaviruses are non-envelope viruses
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
52The influenza has a single helical nucleodcapsid
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
53Influenza has [blank_start]8 helical NCs[blank_end]
The [blank_start]NC[blank_end] interacts with the [blank_start]matrix[blank_end] which interacts with the [blank_start]envelope proteins[blank_end] to cause curvature and pinch off- A8 helical NCs
- BNC
- Cmatrix
- Denvelope proteins
54this is an example of
- Ainfluenza
55Budding of togavirus and influenza virus both are coupled to the [blank_start]exit of virus[blank_end]
- Aexit of virus
56How many subunits per face in simple icoshedron?
[blank_start]3[blank_end] subunits per face.
[blank_start]20[blank_end] faces in one capsid.
therefore, [blank_start]60[blank_end] subunits in total- A3
- B20
- C60
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre Virology - Chapter 2, creado por Nina Butris el 06/02/2019.
- Autor
- Nina Butris
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 2
- Valoración
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