Test
Chapter 16 Sex, Gender, and Personality
Preguntas del test (60)
1A person who is androgynous scores
- Alow on both masculinity and femininity.
- Bhigh on both masculinity and femininity.
- Chigh on masculinity and low femininity.
- Dhigh on femininity and low on masculinity.
2Which of the following MOST emphasizes physiological differences as causing sex differences?
- ASocialization theory
- BSocial role theory
- CEvolutionary theory
- DHormonal theory
3Differences between men and women in terms of personality or behavior without regard to the causes of those differences are called
- Asex differences.
- Bgender differences.
- Cadaptive problems.
- Dgender stereotypes.
4The fact that men are, on average, taller than women is best described by the term
- Asex difference
- Bgender difference
- Cadaptive problem
- Dgender stereotype
5The social interpretation of what it means to be a man or a woman is referred to as
- Asex.
- Bgender.
- Csocial learning theory.
- Dgender stereotypes.
6Beliefs about the ways emn and women differ, in contrast to actual differences, are called
- Asex differences.
- Bgender differences.
- Cadaptive problems.
- Dgender stereotypes.
7The idea that mean are not capable of being nurturing is an example of a(n)
- Aadaptive problem.
- Bgender stereotype.
- Cgender difference.
- Dsex difference.
8Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons some individuals have argued that studying sex differences is a potentially dangerous course of study?
- Athe findings may be used to support political agendas.
- Bminimizing these differences may hamper the feminist agenda.
- Cthe findings may be used to support the status quo.
- Dthe findings may reflect gender stereotypes, rather than real differences.
9Feminist psychologists like Alive Eagly argue that is impossiblee to ignore the study of sex differences since
- Ascientific and social change will be impossible without coming to terms with real sex differences between men & women.
- Bscience will show that the differences between men & women have been exaggerated and are minimal.
- Cit is important to understand how gender stereotypes make men & women different from one another.
- Dresearchers need to be able to dismiss the role of sex differences in behavior to advance the feminist agenda.
10The study of sex differences in psychology became popular in the
- A1920s
- B1950s
- C1970s
- D1990s
11In an influential book, "The Psychology of Sex Differences," Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklyn argued that
- Amen were slightly better at verbal tasks.
- Bmen were more aggressive than woman.
- Cmen & women do not differ significantly in personality.
- Dwomen were slightly better at object rotation tasks.
12The statistical technique of _________________ summarizes findings from many different studies.
- Afactor analysis
- Bmeta-analysis
- Cgender analysis
- Dqualitative analysis
13An effect size of 0.51 would be considered ______________ between two groups.
- Asmall
- Bmoderate
- Clarge
- Dno difference
14An effect size of -0.82 would be considered ___________ between two groups.
- Asmall
- Bmoderate
- Clarge
- Dno difference
15the "d" effect size statistic is interpreted as the
- Aaverage difference in units of standard deviations.
- Bstandard deviation of the sample.
- Cmean difference between samples.
- Ddifference score between two sample.
16The findings that women score higher in verbal ability and that men score higher in math ability have effect sizes that are considered
- Asmall.
- Bmoderate.
- Clarge.
- Dvery large.
17When we observe a sex difference where women score higher than man, we can conclude that
- Amost women will score higher than most men.
- Bsome men will score higher than most women.
- Cthere is a difference between men's average score and women's average score.
- Dthe difference is due to the hormones.
18When we examine average sex differences between men and women, regardless of the size of those differences, it is important to remember that
- Asex differences may have political implications that must be interpreted very carefully.
- Bthe implications of average sex differences does not necessarily apply to any particular individual.
- Cresearchers may upset someone by finding any particular sex difference between men and women.
- Dthere is generally little overlap between distributions of male and female scores for any particular characteristic.
19_________________ views sex differences as small and inconsequential
- ASocial roles theory.
- BSocialization theory.
- CThe minimalist position.
- DThe maximalist position.
20___________________ argues that the magnitude of sex differences is comparable to the magnitude of many other effects in psychology and should not be trivialized.
- AThe antifeminist position.
- BThe minimalist position.
- CThe moderation position.
- DThe maximalist position.
21A proponent of social learning theory, Alice Eagly's views on the importance of sex difference are best characterized by the _____________________ view.
- Aminimalist
- Bundifferentiated.
- Cmaximalist
- Dfeminist
22______________ is a facet of extraversion that has been shown to have the largest sex difference between men and women.
- AGregariousness
- BAssertiveness
- CActivity
- DTalkativeness
23Men commit about ______________________ percent of all homicides that are committed worldwide.
- A60
- B70
- C80
- D90
24The finding that men interrupt conversations more frequently then women do is consistent with research on sex differences for which of the following facets of extraversion?
- AAcitivty
- BTrust
- CAssertiveness
- DImpulsiveness
25Women tend to score higher than men on the _________________ facet of the agreeableness personality trait.
- Aactivity
- Bgood-natured
- Ctender-mindedness
- Dcooperative
26People who score high on the tender-mindedness facet of the agreeableness in the 5 fact model of personality tend to
- Alack intelligence.
- Bbe nurturing and empathetic.
- Chave a poor grasp of reality.
- Dbe psychologically fragile.
27Men tend to score higher than women on personality measures of
- Aaggressiveness.
- Bwarmth.
- Cneuroticism.
- Dconscientiousness.
28Women tend to score higher than men on the ______________ facet of the conscientiousness personality trait.
- Aorder
- Bself-discipline
- Cresponsible
- Dscrupulous
29Women tend to score higher than men on the ___________ facet of the emotional stability personality trait.
- Aimpulsivity
- Baggressiveness
- Canxiety
- Dinsecurity
30Men & Women show the least differences on the personality trait of __________ of the five-factor model of personality.
- Aextraversion
- Bemotional stability
- Cagreeableness
- Dopenness
31Brebner's international study of the basic emotions found that women experience emotion ____________ than men.
- Aless frequently and less intensely
- Bmore frequently and more intensely
- Cless frequently and more intensely
- Dmore frequently and less intensely
32A person's general self-evaluation is known as
- Aglobal self-esteem.
- Bdomain-specific self-esteem.
- Cself-esteem variability.
- Doverall self concept.
33Overall, sex differences in self-esteem have been found to be
- Asmall.
- Bmoderate.
- Clarge.
- Dvery large.
34A problem for evolutionary theory is that
- Ait does not address the origins of sex differences.
- Bit does not explain that individual differences within the sexes.
- Cresearch suggests that fathers prefer to spend time with daughters.
- Ddifferences between short- and long-term mating strategies are too small.
35Sex differences between men and women in terms of self-esteem
- Astart occurring in childhood, continue increasing during adolescence, and increase steadily during adulthood.
- Bare slight in childhood, peak during the teenage years, and steadily decrease during adulthood.
- Care not present in childhood, begin to occur in adolescence, and steadily decrease during adulthood.
- Dare extremely large during childhood and decrease over the remainder of the life span.
36One of the largest differences in sexuality between men and women is found in their interest in
- Asex.
- Bcasual sex.
- Cspecific sex acts.
- Dsafe sex.
37Depressed women are more likely to __________________- than depressed men.
- Abecome socially withdrawn
- Bact aggressively
- Cseek treatment
- Dcommit suicide with a firearm
38Research on sex differences in men and women in terms of depression
- Afails to find consistent differences.
- Bfinds that women tend to be more depressed than men.
- Cfinds that men tend to be more depressed than women.
- Dfinds that the depression differences are due to differences on the people-things dimension.
39Sex differences in depression between men and women are observed
- Aacross the life span.
- Bonly in childhood.
- Cmostly in adolescence and adulthood.
- Dmostly in old age.
40Approximately __________________ percent of adult women and __________ percent of adult men will have at least one episode of depression during their lives.
- A15; 5
- B30; 20
- C25; 10
- D20; 20
41Some researchers speculate that _____________ explains gender differences between men and women for depression.
- Ahormones
- Bgenetic susceptibility
- Crumination
- Ddifferences on the trait of trust
42If a person focuses repeatedly on his or her symptoms and the causes of that distress, the person may be involved in
- Arumination.
- Brecidivism.
- Cregression.
- Drehabilitation.
43The greater rate of depression that women suffer as compared to men may be due to
- Aincreases in male happiness due an increased number of televised sports on cable television.
- Bincreasing body dissatisfaction occurring around the onset of puberty when the heterosexual.
- Cgreater levels of "hostile masculinity" by males around the onset of puberty when heterosexual interaction increases.
- Ddifferences in brain structure between women and men that physiologically predisposes women to ruminate.
44Which is NOT predicted from Bleske and Buss's study of opposite sex friendships?
- AMen are more likely to than women to initiate friendship with someone of the opposite sex because they are sexually attracted to them.
- BMen are more likely to have female friends that closely match their personality characteristics.
- CMen are more likely to dissolve friendships with women when they do not result in sex.
- DMen are more likely to become sexually attracted their female friends.
45The idea that women view close relationships as a more central part of their identity is
- Aconsistent with the feminine mystique stereotype.
- Bsupported by research on the people-things dimension.
- Cmost related to differences in self-esteem.
- Drelated to sex differences in the agreeableness personality trait.
46Fraternal twins Jack and Jill have been raised in the same environment. Jill aspires to become a clinical psychologist while Jack intends to be a mechanical engineer. Their career choices most likely are due to sex differences that are expressed by their scores on the ____________ dimension of personality.
- Apeople--things
- Bopenness to experience.
- CMachiavellianism.
- Dneed for achievement.
47If we think of masculinity-femininity as a single-bipolar dimension
- Aa person can be both masculine and feminine.
- Ba person cannot score high on both masculinity and femininity.
- Ca person must be more masculine or more feminine.
- Dwe must assume hormonal origins of these traits.
48The _____________ dimension contains items related to assertiveness, dominance, and instrumentality.
- Apeople-things
- Bsociosexuality
- Cmasculinity
- Dfemininity
49The ______________ dimension contains items related to nurturance, empathy, and emotional expression.
- Apeople-things
- Bsociosexuality
- Cmasculinity
- Dfemininity
50Pat has a garage full of tools; loves to throw big dinner parties for friends; is very assertive at work; and likes to be self-sufficient. One often finds Pat working on his own or friends' cars. He will spend hours listening to friends' problems or nurturing students he tutors after work. Pat most likely scores toward the _____________ end of the Bem sex role inventory.
- Aundifferentiated
- Bandrogyny
- Cmasculinity
- Dfemininity
51Two-dimensional measures of gender have been criticized because
- Ait is impossible to establish validity for 2 dimensions of personality simultaneously.
- Brecent research suggests that masculinity--femininity is a single dimension.
- Cthere are so few androgynous people.
- Dthere are too many undifferentiated people.
52Psychologist Janet Spence now views her measure of sex roles as more of a measure of
- Ainstrumentality and expressiveness.
- Bpeople versus things.
- Cgender stereotypes.
- Dandrogyny.
53_______ refers to the traits involved with getting tasks completed in a direct, independent fashion, being self-sufficient, and working with others.
- ATender-mindedness
- BGender schema
- CExpressiveness
- DInstrumentality
54Showing emotions, empathy, and nurturance is associated with the trait of
- Aexpressiveness.
- Binstrumentality.
- Cglobal self-esteem.
- Drumination.
55The cognitive orientations that lead people to process info on the basis of sex-linked associations are known as
- Agender stereotypes.
- Bgender schemata.
- Csex differences.
- Dmasculinity-femininity
56Researchers who used to view androgyny as ideal now consider ______________, that is, not to use gender and sex-linkage at all in one's processing of social information, as best.
- Aundifferentiated gender.
- Bmasculinity
- Cfemininity
- Dgender-aschematic thinking
57Thinking of men as either "dads" or "cads" is an example of
- Asex differences.
- Bgender differences.
- Csocial categories.
- Dsocial learning theory.
58Which of the following is NOT a component of gender stereotypes?
- ACognitive.
- BAffective.
- CBehavioral.
- DPerceptual.
59Gender-based discrimination is an example of the __________________ component of gender stereotypes.
- Accognitive
- Baffective
- Cbehavioral
- Dperceptual
60Research on gender stereotypes:
- Aconsistently finds that men are seen as more instrumental.
- Bconsistently finds that men are seen as less instrumental.
- Cconsistently finds that men and women are seen as equally instrumental.
- Dfinds that they differ too much across cultures to make generalizations.
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- Personality Pysch @ Rutgers
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