Test
COMM
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Preguntas del test (70)
1Which of the following could be described as a media effect?
- AA movie that changes audiences attitudes about a social issue.
- BA movie that entertains audiences, as the producers intended.
- CA movie that makes audiences aggressive, even though producers did not intend that to happen.
- DAll of the above.
2According to research conducted during WWII, the Why We Fight films showed that the films caused people to ____, but they did NOT ______.
- Adecrease their knowledge about U.S. involvement in the war; decrease their motivation to contribute to military operations during WWII
- Bincrease their knowledge about U.S. involvement in the war; increase their motivation to contribute to military operations during WWII
- Cdecrease their knowledge about U.S. involvement in the war; increase their motivation to contribute to military operations during WWII
- Ddecrease their motivation to contribute to military operations during WWII; decrease their knowledge about U.S. involvement in the war
3Watching Fox News' Fox and Friends every morning reinforces people’s already existing attitudes about politics. Which of the following best characterizes this effect?
- AStabilization, diffuse-general, macro-level
- BAlteration, diffuse-general, macro-level
- CStabilization, content-specific, micro-level
- DAlteration, content-specific, micro-level
4Which of the following schools of thought was spurred, at least in part, by the legacy of fear associated with propaganda?
- AThe Birmingham School
- BThe Columbia School
- CThe Arizona School
- DThe Chicago School
5If my research was about hegemony, which school of thought would guide my research?
- AThe Birmingham School
- BThe Arizona School
- CThe Chicago School
- DThe Columbia School
6A Clockwork Orange likely caused outbreaks of copycat “random acts of ultraviolence” because:
- AThe victims in the film were represented as unlikable.
- BThe protagonists of the violence in the film were the heroes; they were seen as the likable characters.
- CThe film was told from the perspective of a violent protagonist, and the violence against the victims of the film was seen as justified.
- DAll of the above
7The two-step flow of information highlights the importance of _____ in explaining the media’s effects on audiences.
- Amedium characteristics
- Binterpersonal relationships
- Csocial learning
- Dhegemony
8The People’s Choice study brought about which paradigm of media effects?
- ADiffuse-General Effects
- BLimited Effects
- CDirect Effects
- DConditional Effects
9If you were subscribed to the idea that the media have uniform and powerful effects on audiences, you would be a:
- Aconditional effects theorist
- Btwo-step flow theorist
- Climited effects theorist
- Dmagic bullet theorist
10Contemporary media effects research operates from a conditional effects paradigm. [blank_start]What does that mean?[blank_end]
- ACheck word
11If my goal was to produce generalizable findings about people’s media consumption habits, which would be the best method for me to use?
- AExperiment
- BSurvey
- CAll of the above
- DContent analysis
12If my goal was to establish that the media cause a change in behavior which would be the best research method for me to use?
- AExperiment
- BSurvey
- CContent Analysis
- DAll of the above
13A content analysis would be most useful for which of the following studies?
- AA study examining the effects of watching Spongebob Squarepants’ on kids’ attention spans
- BA study examining the types of sexual consequences depicted in teen television programs
- CAn analysis of the hegemony of advertising
- DA study focusing on the relationship between people’s party identification and their news consumption habits
14Which of the following features are scientific research are necessary to establish causality?
- ARandomization
- BManipulation
- CControl
- DAll of the above
15Say that a researcher reports that the correlation between TV viewing and empathy is r = -.21, p < .04. What is an accurate statement based on this correlation?
- AAs the amount of TV viewing goes up, the amount of also empathy goes up.
- BThere is a less than 4% chance that this correlation is just due to chance .
- CTV viewing causes a decrease in empathy .
- DNone of the above.
16Somebody who wants to use science to understand why a phenomenon occurs is interested in which scientific goal?
- APrediction
- BExplanation
- CControl
- DParsimony
17Let’s say that an experimental researcher assigned all of the boys in his sample to one experimental condition, and all of the girls to another experimental condition. They would be violating which important feature of experimental research?
- ATime order
- BStatistical significance
- CRandomization
- DRandom sampling
18If a survey researcher draws a sample of college juniors in 2002 and compares their responses to a sample of college juniors in 2012, which type of survey design was employed?
- ACross-sectional
- BCorrelational
- CTrend
- DCohort
19When critics of the experimental method raise the point that many experiments are "artificial" and that results cannot be gneralized to any siutation in the real world, they are expressing a concern about which type of experimental validity?
- Aconstruct validity
- Bstatistical validity
- Cinternal validity
- Dexternal validity
20In the experimental study on video games and mood repair (covered in lecture and in the textbook) which of the following was an independent variable?
- AThe return to a baseline level of arousal
- BPlaying a video game or not
- CPlaying a video game that was low in task demand, medium in task demand, or high in task demand
- DInduction of a positive mood (joy or excitement)
21"It is certainly OK for you to believe that media have bad effects on children. If that's true for you, then no one can really argue with you about that. And I'm certainly not going to argue with you. But for me, the media don't have bad effects on children. I grew up with TV, and I don't think it hurt me at all.[blank_start]"[blank_end]
- AScientists believe in objective truth
22A social learning theorist would agree with which of the following assumptions?
- AHumans learn how to behave by trial and error.
- BHumans are genetically programmed to behave in certain ways.
- CHumans learn by observing the behaviors of others.
- DAll of the above
23Social learning theory describes a four-step process :
- Aattention, retention, reproduction, motivation
- Bmotivation, seduction, education, reproduction
- Creproduction, education, retention, action
- Dattention, detention, retention, action
24Ang, the main character from Avatar the Last Airbender, was particularly good at encouraging the production stage of social learning because:
- AHe displayed many explicit “ninja” behaviors.
- BHe was an attractive character.
- CHe was rewarded for his behavior.
- DHe was never punished for his behavior.
25Which of the following is described as the "most debunked" theory in all of social psychology (in Joystick Warriors)?
- AExcitation transfer theory
- BCatharsis theory
- CSocial learning theory
- DDesensitization theory
26If a person decide to react in an aggressive way to confrontation, they have likely encoded _____ that are also aggressive.
- Anodes
- Bbehavioral scripts
- Crisk factors
- Dschemas
27Netflix recently showcased a fictional movie and documentary about Ted Bundy. In the documentary, he was portrayed as a ________, and in the fictional movie, he was portrayed as a _______. The ________ theory would explain why after viewing the documentary, one feel disgusted, and after viewing the fictional movie, you would feel charmed.
- APsycho, romantic, cultivation
- BPsycho, romantic, media priming
- CRomantic, psycho, cultivation
- DRomantic, psycho, media priming
28George Carlin’s “Seven Dirty Words” comedy routine was the reason for the U.S. Supreme Court to establish which of the following?
- AThe legal definition of indecency
- BFirst Amendment protections for pornography
- CThe legal definition of obscenity
- DThe Meese Commission of Pornography
29A meta-analysis of more than 2,000 studies on the effects of violent pornography has shown that the research is primarily in line with:
- AEd Donnerstein’s social learning explanation
- BDolf ZIllmann’s excitation transfer theory
- CThe National Commission on Obscenity and Pornography’s findings
- DBerl Kutchinsky’s safety valve hypothesis
30Which of the following is true regarding the 1967 Commission on Obscenity and Pornography?
- AIt was formed under President Lyndon Johnson and concluded that pornography had no harmful effects on any population studied.
- BIt was formed by Attorney General Ed Meese and concluded that most pornography could be declared to be legally obscene.
- CIt was formed under President Lyndon Johnson and concluded that pornography research was inconclusive.
- DIt was formed under President Richard Nixon and concluded that pornography had no harmful effects on any population studied.
31The ability to process media narratives conceptually typically occurs in which stage of child development?
- AConcrete operational
- BPre-operational
- CFormal operations
- DSensorimotor
32Lots-O’-Huggin, from Toy Story 3, is a pink, friendly-looking stuffed animal, but is actually an evil character. A child from which of the following developmental periods would be most attracted to Lots-O’-Huggin?
- APre-operational
- BConcrete operational
- CFormal operations
- DSensorimotor
33Piaget’s “mountain task” is a test of ____________.
- Aperceptual thinking
- BCentration
- Cmetacognitive thinking
- Dperspective taking
34A person in the formal operations stage of development would be most likely to be frightened by which of the following media (all discussed in the fright lecture)?
- AWizard of Oz
- BE.T.: Extra-Terrestrial
- CThe Day After
- DThe Incredible Hulk
35Which of the following is the best statement of Frijda’s “law of
apparent reality”?- AMedia depictions of things that are NOT real are usually appraised as things that ARE real.
- BThe greatest level of emotional intensity is reserved for events that are depicted as if they are real—when, in fact, they are NOT real.
- CMedia depictions of things that ARE real are usually appraised as things that are NOT real.
- DThe intensity of an emotional response corresponds to the degree to which events are appraised as real.
36The National Education Association’s recommendation to not let kids under the age of 8 watch The Day After was well-founded by the research that came out after the broadcast of the film.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
37Mood management theory suggests that when we are feeling low, we are motivated to use the media to _______ our moods.
- Aunderstand
- Bprolong
- Cimprove
- Dsour
38According to Piaget, what is the “magic” age of childhood?
- ASeven
- BTwelve
- CTwo
- DEighteen
39Centration is _________
- Aconcentrating on the most visually striking attribute of an object or person.
- Bbeing most affected by media that are appraised as real.
- Carriving at conclusions based on carefully collected empirical evidence.
- Dunderstanding the difference between reality and fantasy.
40What does theory and research suggest a parent can do to most effectively deal with a media-induced fear in a very young child—say a three-year-old child?
- ALaugh at the movie or TV show to model for the child that there’s no reason to be afraid.
- BContinually remind the child that the movie or TV show was “not real.”
- CIgnore the child’s reaction in order to avoid reinforcing it by giving it undue attention.
- DTurn the program off; cuddle the child and/or distract the child’s attention to another activity such as reading a book or playing a game.
41Which theory suggests that television cumulatively and gradually encourages heavy viewers to adopt a television version of reality?
- AAgenda setting theory
- BElaboration likelihood model
- CThe mean world syndrome
- DCultivation theory
42If I wanted to persuade someone via the central route of persuasion, I would need to make sure that my message was:
- Arelevant to members of my audience.
- Bcomprehensible.
- Ccredible
- Dall of the above
43The three dimensions of significant persuasion are:
- Achange in attitude, change in arousal, change in behavior
- Bchange in emotion, change in behavior, persistence of change
- Cchange in attitude, change in behavior, persistence of change
- Dchange in attitude, change in emotion, change in behavior
44Which of the following is a first-order cultivation effect?
- AThe belief that people in general cannot be trusted.
- BThe tendency to engage in self-protective behaviors
- CThe belief that there should be few restrictions on gun ownership.
- DThe belief that the rates of violent crimes are going up.
45The inclusion of laugh-tracks on situation comedies is a good example of which of the following principles of persuasion?
- Aauthority
- Bscarcity
- Csocial proof
- Dreciprocity
46In the news media, the coverage of mass shootings in the last two decades has moved from focusing primarily on the shooters to focusing on primarily the survivors and victims of the shootings. This is a change in:
- Aneed for cognition
- Bthe public agenda
- C1st level agenda setting
- Dmedia framing
47Which of the following is a cue that I would want to use in my advertisement if I wanted to appeal to audiences through the peripheral route of persuasion?
- ACute puppies
- BComparisons of product features between different products
- CFocus on product features
- Dall of the above
48Which of the following established a research legacy that eventually led to the development of the Elaboration Likelihood Model?
- AWhy We Fight films during WWII
- BThe People’s Choice study
- CThe Payne Fund studies
- DThe War of the Worlds broadcast
49The finding that differences that could be attributed to demographics or personal experience actually become less pronounced in heavy TV viewers is best explained by which of the following principles of cultivation theory?
- Athe cultivation differential
- Baccessibility principle
- Cmainstreaming
- Dresonance
50According to the agenda setting theory, when the news media cover certain issues, people will discuss these issues with each other and form an opinion about them, causing a change in the ___________.
- Apolicy agenda
- Bmedia agenda
- Cpublic agenda
- Dactivist agenda
51The type of comparison that compares the portrayals of African-Americans, Whites, and Latinos as criminals is referred to as:
- Athe inter-reality comparison
- Bthe inter-role comparison
- Cthe inter-group comparison
- Dthe inter-ethnic comparison
52The type of comparison that compares the portrayals of a given ethnic group as criminal perpetrators to actual arrest records is referred to as:
- Athe inter-group comparison
- Bthe inter-role comparison
- Cthe inter-ethnic comparison
- Dthe inter-reality comparison
53A stereotype can be described as a ______ about a social group.
- Aassociative pathway
- Bschema
- Cprime
- Dnode
54_____ occurs when the between nodes in one’s memory become strongly linked and easily triggered by external events.
- ACultivation
- BChronic accessibility
- CPeripheral route of persuasion
- DSpreading activation
55Travis Dixon's content analysis of race in crime stories in L.A. local TV news demonstrated which of the following is true?
- ABased on arrest records in L.A., African Americans are over-represented as criminals.
- BWhites are more likely to be portrayed as police officers than criminals.
- CAfrican Americans are more likely to be portrayed as criminals than Whites.
- DAll of the above.
56According to social identity theory, when I see someone who I consider to be in my in-group do something positive, I am likely to attribute the behavior to __________ factors. When I see someone who I consider to be in my in-group do something bad, I am likely to attribute the behavior to ___________ factors.
- Aexternal ; internal
- Binternal ; internal
- Cinternal; external
- Dexternal ; external
57The case of the A$AP Rocky assault charge in Sweden is an example of seeing A$AP Rocky as a(n) ____________ of the black criminality stereotype.
- Aprototype
- Bexemplar
58As discussed in lecture, one of the ways that stereotypes functions is to allow people to quickly and automatically fill in missing information when presented with only one member of a social group. This tends to cause:
- AImplicit bias
- BPrejudice
- CChronic accessibility
- DSpreading activation
59According to Latinos Beyond the Reel, what does it mean to say that Latinos have been “denied the opportunity to tell their own stories” in the news?
- ANews stories only cover the positive events of the Latino community, failing to probe the more serious underlying issues that explain discrimination.
- BLatinos are over-represented as expert news sources but only on topics related to “illegal immigration.”
- CMexicans and Mexican-Americans get more coverage than other Latinos.
- DLatinos are under-represented as news professionals, including journalists, producers, and editors.
60According to Latinos Beyond the Reel, what is/are the historical origins of the “El Bandito” stereotype?
- AThe justification of the U.S. westward expansion into the southwest.
- BThe exploitation of Mexican revolutionaries who fought for political and economic emancipation for their occupied lands.
- CThe justification of the vast displacement of native peoples.
- DAll of the above
61According to the text, which of the following properly characterizes the results of the original Carnegie Mellon HomeNet Study on the effects of the Internet?
- AUse of the Internet was associated with a general decrease in communication with family members, a greater number of people in the social circle, and increased feelings of depression.
- BUse of the Internet was associated with a general decrease in communication with family members, a lower number of people in the social circle, and increased feelings of depression.
- CUse of the Internet was associated with a general increase in communication with family members, a greater number of people in the social circle, and decreased feelings of depression.
- DUse of the Internet was associated with a general increase in communication with family members, a lower number of people in the social circle, and decreased feelings of depression.
62Which of the following was true of the three-year update of the original HomeNet study?
- AThe findings of the follow-up study suggested that the participants were growing tired of the Internet and were not using it anymore.
- BThe findings of the follow-up study replicated the findings of the original study.
- CThe findings of the follow-up study suggested that the internet did not have an effect on people's loneliness or depression.
- DThe findings of the follow-up study suggested that the effects of the Internet on people's loneliness and depression were increasing over time.
63Which of the following predicts that people who use the internet primarily to communicate with friends and family will likely improve their social ties and well-being?
- ASocial compensation hypothesis
- BSocial augmentation hypothesis
- CAll of the above
- DSocial displacement hypothesis
64According to media multiplexity theory:
- Aclose friends communicate in many different ways (text, email, face-to-face, mobile phone, Facebook)
- Bclose friends only communicate face-to-face
- Cclose friends only communicate through Facebook
- Dclose friends only communicate through text and email
65___________ are valuable nodes in a social network that provide a greater number of ties to other nodes and clusters of nodes.
- Aopinion leaders
- Bdegrees
- Cclusters
- Dconnectors
66In a social network analysis, ___ are persons, objects, or ideas.
- Aconnectors
- Bdegrees
- Cclusters
- Dnodes
67Social networking sites share which of the following characteristics?
- AUsers have unique profiles.
- BUsers can publicly list their connections.
- CUsers can interact with user-generated content.
- DAll of the above
68Someone with a lot of social capital will likely have:
- Aaccess to opportunities, information, and support through her relationships
- Ba tightly clustered friend group online
- CA need to compare himself or herself to others
- Da lot of personal wealth
69Using ________ will likely result in ________social capital, which will have the value of ___________.
- ALinkedin; bridging, exposure to diverse people, ways of thinking, and ideas
- BSnapchat; bridging; exposure to diverse people, ways of thinking, and ideas
- CLinkedin; bonding; lasting and meaningful social support
- DSnapchat; bonding; exposure to diverse people, ways of thinking, and ideas
70Which of the following was supported by the most recent research by the Carnegie Mellon researchers?
- ASocial compensation hypothesis
- BSocial augmentation hypothesis
- CSocial displacement hypothesis
- DAll of the above
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre COMM, creado por Rebecca Sydnor el 04/03/2020.
- Autor
- Rebecca Sydnor
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 3
- Valoración
- Aún sin valoraciones Valora este test