Test
PSY3190
Este test tiene tipos de pregunta que se abren en el reproductor de siempre.
Preguntas del test (80)
1Which of the following is true regarding defining substance use and dependence?
- AThere is one universal definition of what constitutes substance use and dependence
- BSubstance dependence is not listed as a disorder in the DSM-5
- CSubstance dependence is the administration of a psychoactive substance
- DSubstance use is a pattern of use that meets the DSM-5 criteria
2Which of the following should NOT be considered when defining addiction?
- APhysical addiction
- BPersonality factors
- CBiological factors
- DControlled availability
3Lana believes that the possession of small quantities of cannabis should not be prosecuted, however the production and distribution of larger quantities should be prohibited. Lana believes in the _________ of cannnabis
- ADecriminalisation
- BTotal prohibition
- CPartial prohibition
- DUncontrolled availability
4What approach does Australia take to the issue of substance use?
- ATotal prohibition
- BHarm minimisation
- CWar on drugs
- DControlled availability
5[blank_start]Personality[blank_end] factors contributing to addiction include impulsivity, reward sensitivity, and principles of basic behaviourism
- APersonality
6Which of the following is NOT a difference regarding the classification of addiction between the DSM 4 and DSM 5?
- AThe DSM-5 features a severity category, with disorders ranging from mild to severe
- BThe DSM-5 added legal problems due to cultural differences
- CDrug craving was added to the DSM-5
- DAbuse and dependence categories of the DSM-4 were condensed into a single substance use disorder category in the DSM-5
7Francine views addiction in terms of a 5-step trajectory and strongly believes that certain stages of life such as adolescence play a pivotal role in the development of an addiction. This is in-line with
- ADevelopment theories
- BBehavioural theories
- CAdolescent theories
- DCognitive theories
8[blank_start]Operant conditioning[blank_end] theories state that initial drug use may be positively reinforced by the rewarding pharmacological properties of the substance/behaviour
- AOperant conditioning
9Ellen has recently been drinking an entire bottle of wine every night after work. She rationalises this belief by saying, 'I deserve it after working so hard, there is nothing wrong with rewarding yourself.' This is an example of a
- AAnticipatory belief
- BRelief oriented belief
- CPermissive belief
- DReward oriented belief
10[blank_start]Outcome expectancies[blank_end] are the perceived behavioural and effective consequences of engaging in specific behaviours
- AOutcome expectancies
11Self-efficacy mediates the relationship between [blank_start]individual[blank_end] and [blank_start]behaviour[blank_end]
- Aindividual
- Bbehaviour
12Poppy has recently developed dependence to cocaine and has thus decreased her use. This is an example of a
- APositive expectancy
- BNegative expectancy
- CPlacebo effect
- DCoping response
13Which of the following increases the likelihood for one to engage in harmful substance use?
- ABeing on the BAS side of the spectrum
- BBeing on the BIS side of the spectrum
- CHaving low negative urgency
- DHaving high perseverance
14According to biological theories, as one develops an addiction the control of behaviour shifts towards more _______ parts of the brain and becomes ______
- AVentral; operationalised
- BDorsal; habitual
- CVentral; habitual
- DDorsal; operationalised
15Which brain area is the major focus of reward-pathway research?
- AThe mesocortical pathway
- BThe mesolimbic pathway
- CThe medial forebrain bundle
- DThe ventral striatum
16Imogen is holding a presentation on biological theories of addiction and states that endorphins and dopamine work together to affect reward. What does she mean by this?
- AEndorphins influence the dopamine reward system by interrupting the inhibition of dopamine release by GABA
- BEndorphins enable the neuroplasticity that ultimately allows dopamine to have a strengthened effect in the brain
- CEndorphins and dopamine must be released at the exact same time for one to feel the reward
- DRepetitive endorphin transmission by drugs abnormally strengthens dopamine-drug associations
17Which of the following is NOT a genetic feature of alcoholism?
- ATolerance
- BAlcohol-seeking behaviour
- CPolymorphism
- DAcute sensitivity to alcohol
18Anna believes that dopamine is not just released in response to reward, but is also part of a neurochemical adaptation that underlies goal-oriented and learning activity. This is most similar to which theory of addiction?
- ABiological
- BNeurocognitive
- CIncentive-sensitisation
- DDevelopmental
19Holly is a firm believer that addiction does not exist, and feels that drugs should be legal as people have the capacity to weigh up the benefits and consequences of taking drugs. Which response is Holly likely to show when witnessing someone engaging in harmful substance use?
- APunish them for their poor choices
- BTreat their psychiatric or health condition as opposed to the addictive symptoms
- CLeave them alone unless they are causing harm to others
- DProvide medical treatment for their addictive symptoms
20Flora believes that addiction is located in the individual, in places like their brain, body, genes, rational choices, and moral failings. Pashmina however believes that there are a wide variety of factors involved in addiction and interplay occurs between them. Flora takes a(n) ________ approach whilst Pashmina takes a(n) ______ approach to addiction
- AEgocentric; biopsychosocial
- BBiopsychosocial; egocentric
- CInteractive; independent
- DIndependent; interactive
21Which of the following is likely to influence how we view drugs and addiction as a society?
- ALaws surrounding drug use
- BTV shows such as breaking bad
- CDrinking culture
- DAll of the above
22Sasha described herself as a person who strongly believes in behaviourism. Which of the following is likely to describe a belief that Sasha holds?
- ADrug use is a learned behaviour
- BOur view on how normal drug use is depends on our peer group
- CDrug use is a social activity
- DStigma leads to the marginalisation of people who use drugs
23Which of the following is a disadvantage of providing someone with the label of a 'drug addict'?
- ACreates optimism
- BCan alter social contexts
- CCreates fatalism
- DCan liken one to people in the media with a similar label
24Which of the following is NOT a component of the Zinberg model?
- ADrug
- BSet
- CSetting
- DIndividual
25[blank_start]Destigmatisation[blank_end] attempts to reduce the stigma around addiction to increase people's willingness to seek help and speak up, whereas [blank_start]denormalisation[blank_end] increases stigma and emphasises that some behaviours are not acceptable
- ADestigmatisation
- Bdenormalisation
26[blank_start]Psychopharmacology[blank_end] allows one to know how a drug produces its effect in the CNS
- APsychopharmacology
27Which of the following is NOT involved in pharmacokinetics?
- AAdministration
- BAbsorption
- CReinforcement
- DExcretion
28Why is the property of polarity important when concerning the distribution of drugs in the body?
- APolarity determines which part of the body the drug will go to, the stomach or the heart
- BPolarity influences the ability of a drug to cross the blood-brain barrier and hence its psychoactive potency
- CPolarity determines whether metabolism will render a drug ineffective or turn it into active metabolites
- DPolarity influences the effectiveness of certain drug identification methods, such as breathalysers or urine tests
29What is cocaine's main mode of action?
- AAlters the reuptake of neurotransmitters
- BMimicks the actions of neurotransmitters
- CInterferes with ion channels
- DDisrupts cellular membranes
30[blank_start]Agonists[blank_end] bind to a receptor site and have the same or similar effect as the neurotransmitter, whereas [blank_start]antagonists[blank_end] bind to a receptor site but lack the effect of the neurotransmitter, blocking the neurotransmitter from binding to its receptor
- AAgonists
- Bantagonists
31Which of the following statements regarding social determinants of drug use is FALSE?
- AThere is no safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy
- BAlcohol use can lead to menstrual irregularities
- CTobacco morbidity tends to impact mostly women
- DAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are more likely to abstain from alcohol than white Australians
32Harold, a 77 year old man, has come into his local GP as his partner is worried about his potential harmful patterns of alcohol use. As a clinician, which of the following factors specific to Harold are important to explore?
- AFalls and accidents, level of social isolation, and fitness to drive a car
- BLevels of use of alcohol, type of alcohol being drunk, history of mental health
- CFamily dysfunction, polysubstance use, and stigma
- DUnemployment, home security, and drink driving
33Sarah is a 26 year old white woman, and Dylan is a 47 year old Aboriginal man. They are both presenting with symptoms of anxiety and are experiencing insomnia. Who is more likely to receive a prescription of benzodiazepines?
- ASarah
- BDylan
- CThey will both receive the prescription due to their symptoms
- DWe need more information regarding the nature of their symptoms before we can discern this
34Which of the following is NOT a change to the physical environment that can affect substance use?
- AProvision of public transport
- BPolicies that allow smoking in enclosed spaces
- CWhether someone has accommodation
- DThe colour of a licensed venue
35Literature suggests that there is a [blank_start]bidirectional[blank_end] relationship between harmful substance use and unemployment
- Abidirectional
36Some people argue that addiction is the middle ground between [blank_start]impulsivity[blank_end] and [blank_start]compulsivity[blank_end]
- Aimpulsivity
- Bcompulsivity
37Which of the following is classified in the DSMV and ICD-10 as a behavioural addiction?
- AGambling disorder
- BFood addiction
- CProblematic Internet Use
- DSex addiction
38Louise is a researcher and thinks that she has discovered an addiction to a new behaviour. She finds that people who are addicted to this behaviour exhibit neurological changes associated with the behaviour in their brains, and whilst these people can continue to go about their daily lives as usual, the behaviour causes distress. Can this be classified as an addiction?
- ANo, for behavioural addictions there must be either significant life impairment or preoccupation with the behaviour
- BYes, this has a neurocognitive basis and distress
- CYes, but it must firstly be compared to substance addiction before being added to the DSM
- DIt is not possible to discern without being given the actual behaviour in question
39Which of the following is NOT a question surrounding the classification of problematic internet use as an addiction?
- ACan you really be addicted to a medium or is the internet simply the way in which people access their real addiction?
- BHow do we define excessive internet use?
- CIs it feasible to apply the word addiction to something as heavily integrated into life as the internet?
- DWhy is it rewarding to the person using the internet?
40What does the stroop task measure?
- AAttentional bias
- BImpulsivity
- CExecutive function
- DCompulsivity
41Which of the following plays the largest role in behavioural addiction?
- AGenetics
- BVolume of brain regions
- CSociological factors
- DThey all play an equally important role
42When talking about food addiction, what types of food are usually implicated?
- AHighly palatable foods which are high in fat and sugar
- BThere is no specific type, as long as the person is compulsively eating excessive amounts it is a food addiction
- CFruits, vegetables, and other plant-based foods
- DRaw foods that are low in carbohydrates
43The [blank_start]Yale food addiction scale[blank_end] is the most commonly used standardised diagnostic tool for food addiction
- AYale food addiction scale
44What % of the general population are theorised to meet the criteria for food addiction?
- A11%
- B15-20%
- C20-50%
- D0.3%
45Which of the following is NOT a criterion for food addiction?
- AImpaired control
- BCraving
- CSocial impairment
- DObesity
46Jean has been told she meets the criteria for food addiction. She also has low reward sensitivity. Which characteristics will Jean be likely to express?
- AProlonged overeating, with a hyposensitivity to reward
- BHigh BMI, food craving, and palatable food preference
- CFood-cue induced cravings, binge eating, poor dieting success
- DIncreased interpersonal problems, low self-esteem, and work issues
47The [blank_start]mesolimbic dopamine system[blank_end] mediates the processing of motivational salience, pleasure and reward, essentially mediating how rewards are processed in the brain
- Amesolimbic dopamine system
48Skylar and Rizzo are both undergoing treatment for their food addiction. Skylar's treatment involves maintaining a healthy diet and exercising, whereas Rizzo's involves using computers to train attention towards healthy and away from unhealthy food. Who is likely to achieve better treatment adherence, and what is Rizzo's treatment technique called?
- ARizzo; attentional bias modification
- BRizzo; evaluative conditioning
- CSkylar; attentional bias modification
- DSkylar; evaluative conditioning
49Which of the following statements regarding food addiction is true?
- APsychological criteria are not necessary for diagnosis but are correlated with the severity of the disorder
- BAttributing food addiction to the 11% of the people with a problem makes the responsibility fall onto the food industry
- CThere are no positives to the label of a 'food addict', as it increases stigma and heightens stereotypes
- DThe literature has identified many criteria for addictive disorders that apply to food addiction through empirical evidence
50Sarah has an axis 1 comorbidity with her alcohol use disorder. Which comorbidity is it likely to be?
- ABorderline personality disorder
- BAntisocial personality disorder
- CSchizophrenia
- DMajor depressive disorder
51Which of the following best defines the psychosocial risk factor model?
- AA secondary substance use disorder model stating that self-medication with the abused substance occurs to alleviate stressors related to the mental illness
- BA common factor model stating that self-medication with the abused substance occurs to alleviate stressors related to the mental illness
- CA secondary substance use disorder model stating that individuals with severe mental illness/vulnerable individuals may be more sensitive to environmental stressors and meet the criteria for SUDs more easily
- DA common factor model stating that individuals with severe mental illness/vulnerable individuals may be more sensitive to environmental stressors and meet the criteria for SUDs more easily
52Bidirectional models of comorbidity suggest that mental health disorders and substance use disorders both interact with each other in what is called a [blank_start]positive feedback loop[blank_end]
- Apositive feedback loop
53Why is it recommended for assessment to occur after 1 month of abstinence in comorbidities?
- ATo rule out residual drug effects
- BTo screen for the presence of both disorders
- CTo test for comorbidity-related harms
- DTo apply sequential treatment
54Laura is undergoing treatment for both depression and heroin usage at two separate clinics. Amanda is undergoing treatment for both depression and heroin usage at the one clinic. Who is likely to achieve the best treatment outcome, and what is the name of Amanda's treatment strategy?
- AAmanda; integrated treatment
- BAmanda; simultaneous/parallel treatment
- CLaura; simultaneous/parallel treatment
- DLaura; integrated treatment
55Which of the following is NOT a key issue surrounding comorbidities?
- AThe aetiology of dual diagnosis/relationship between substance use and mental health is still not fully understood
- BPeople with comorbidity may experience multiple stigmas and isolation
- CThere is a negative staff and clinician attitude toward people with comorbidities, due to a high amount of research on the topic
- DAssessment can be difficult, particularly when there are overlapping symptoms or behaviours between the SUD and mental illness
56As clinicians, what should the priority be concerning treating people with substance use disorders?
- AReducing harms and distress
- BAchieving abstinence
- CStaying abstinent for at least a year
- DForming a diagnosis
57Which of these is not a component of Allen and Matton's 1993 model?
- AScreening
- BTriage
- CTreatment planning
- DStructured interviews
58Polly is a new psychologist and has only been practising for about a week. She is seeing a new client today and has been told to assess them for a substance use disorder. Polly decides that she will conduct an interview to assess this client. Is there an issue with this?
- AYes, assessing clients for substance use with an interview is a bad idea as they have a lack of trust with the health professional, leading them to provide false information
- BNo, interviews are a great way to build rapport in an informal setting and allows one to compile a narrative history
- CYes, Polly is a new psychologist so it is likely that the client could take over the session, and she will struggle to simultaneously take notes and interview them
- DNo, interviews are the most appropriate form of assessment for clients with substance use disorders as they can accurately assess a wide array of factors associated with harmful substance use
59Which of the following is likely to contribute to the inaccuracy of a self-report?
- AA good rapport has been established
- BThe client is not intoxicated
- CThe client is the only source of information
- DConfidentiality is assured
60Under which area of assessment does information regarding the problems and concerns of the client fall?
- AAssessment of alcohol or drug problem
- BReadiness to change
- CPersonal background information
- DMental health problems
61Which of the following is NOT a key area we must assess when determining the severity of a client's substance use disorder?
- ADrug use
- BCraving severity
- CQuality of life
- DBiomarkers
62Lily has been told that she needs to stop eating junk food, but she does not really mind if it is unhealthy for her. Marina also has been told that she needs to stop eating junk food, and has been having only 1 piece of junk food a day for the past 2 months. Lily is in the _______ stage of change, and Marina is in the ______ stage of change
- APrecontemplation; maintenance
- BContemplation; action
- CAction; contemplation
- DMaintenance; precontemplation
63Dramatic relief is an example of a
- ACognitive change process
- BBehavioural change process
- CCoping mechanism
- DDefence mechanism
64[blank_start]Social liberation[blank_end] is defined as noticing and using social conditions that support personal changes, for example noticing areas in your community where substance use is not allowed (dry zones etc.)
- ASocial liberation
65Cognitive change processes help people move through the [blank_start]early[blank_end] stages of change, whereas behavioural change processes help people move through the [blank_start]later[blank_end] stages of change
- Aearly
- Blater
66Sally has recently been considering the pros and cons of smoking, and is trying to decide whether the pros outweigh the cons, or vice versa. This can be referred to as
- ADecisional balance
- BReadiness to change
- CSelf-efficacy
- DQuality of life
67Which of the following is NOT always a protective factor for substance use?
- AResilient personality
- BGood social support
- CDeveloping an aversion
- DIQ
68Holly is a very extraverted person, who has high levels of sensation seeking and empathy. Is Holly's personality likely to influence her likelihood of using substances?
- AYes, all three of these factors act as risk factors which increase the likelihood for Holly to engage in harmful substance use
- BYes, extraversion and agreeableness are protective and sensation seeking is a risk factor
- CNo, the idea of an addictive personality is outdated and no longer supported by current literature
- DNo, these traits that Holly possesses are unrelated to addiction
69Which of the following is NOT one of the 16 core principals of early intervention
- APrevention should address all forms of drug use, alone or in combination
- BEnhance protective factors and reverse or reduce risk factors
- CCombining programs can be highly effective as long as they complement each other
- DPrevention programs are most effective when they employ independent techniques allowing for passive learning
70Harm reduction is referred to as _______ prevention
- Aprimary
- Bsecondary
- Ctertiary
- Dquaternary
71Which type of drug is currently experiencing high prevalence in North Western Melbourne and is leading to a sharp rise in hospitalizations?
- AAlcohol
- BAmphetamine
- CCaffeine
- DHeroin
72Which treatment setting does a GP fall into?
- AStandalone specialised AOD setting
- BPrimary health care setting
- CTertiary health care setting
- DSecondary health care setting
73Francine has decided that she is going to undergo a treatment program in which she will be provided with medication in a controlled manner to try and help her with her opioid dependence and hopefully decrease the likelihood of injecting further illicit drugs and sharing needles. This known as
- AThe Minnesota model
- BA methadone program
- CHarm reduction
- DInpatient treatment
74Why is contingency management not a very widely used treatment option?
- AIt is highly stigmatised
- BIt is only effective for opiate addiction
- CIt is very expensive
- DIt is considered unethical in some areas
75[blank_start]Pharmacotherapy[blank_end] involves select pharmaceuticals being employed as adjunct therapy with psychosocial support in the treatment of SUDs
- APharmacotherapy
76Which of the following is a finding from emerging TMS research on patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD)?
- APatients with AUD have impaired inhibitory control and struggle to abstain from their substance as a result
- BPatients with AUD have increased activation in their amygdala upon viewing alcohol-related cues, meaning they struggle to resist cravings
- CPatients with AUD have impaired functioning across their entire brain, reducing their executive function and ability to make rational decisions
- DPatients with AUD show improvements in their reward circuitry after undergoing treatment as according to the Minnesota model
77Lucy started drinking alcohol at a later age than most people who have AUD, but quickly began binging to ultimately consume higher levels of alcohol than others. This is known as [blank_start]telescoping[blank_end]
- Atelescoping
78Which of the following is a class of genes that influence the risk for someone to develop an addiction?
- AThose associated with the pharmacological effects of drugs
- BThose associated with mood and stability
- CThose associated with stimulation
- DAll of the above
79What type of solutions does population health emphasise for problematic levels of substance use?
- ASocial
- BEnvironmental
- CBiological
- DPsychological
80Literature has highlighted that those who have higher impulsivity when they are 10-12 years old have increased rates of drug use at 14-16 and 20-22 years old. This supports the idea that impulsivity
- ACauses substance use
- BIs a vulnerability marker
- CIs a protective factor
- DCan influence reward pathways in the brain
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre PSY3190, creado por Rachael Martin el 15/11/2020.
- Autor
- Rachael Martin
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 140
- Historial
- Creado el 15 nov 2020 · actualizado el 20 nov 2020
- Valoración
- Aún sin valoraciones Valora este test