Test
Complement
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Preguntas del test (58)
1How many proteins are there involved in the complement cascade?
- A30
- B16
- C9
- D5
2All of these proteins are essential for the complement cascade to work. True or false?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
3One of the roles of complement is to eliminate pathogens. How does it do this?
- AOpsonisation
- BLysis of pathogens
- CPromotion of inflammation
- DPhagyocytosis
- EProduction of histamine
4Which cells does the complement cascade activate?
- AT cells
- BNatural killer cells
- CB cells
- DMast cells
5Which complement pathway was the first pathway to be discovered?
- AClassical pathway
- BAlternative pathway
- CLectin pathway
6Which pathway is the older pathway on a evolutionary level?
- AAlternative pathway
- BClassical pathway
- CLectin pathway
7Which pathway is part of the adaptive immune system?
- AClassical pathway
- BLectin pathway
- CAlternative pathway
8Why is it considered to be part of the adaptive immune system?
- ABecause it causes activation of B cells
- BBecause it is activated by antibodies
- CBecause it is specific to the presenting antigen
- DBecause it develops after birth
9Which pathway has spontaneous activation?
- AClassical pathway
- BAlternative pathway
- CLectin pathway
10MBL is part of the lectin pathway. What does it recognise?
- AMannose
- BPeptidoglycans
- CLipopolysaccharides
- DEndotoxins
- EFructose
11Which is produced first?
- AC3 convertase
- BC5 convertase
- CMAC complex
12All pathways produce a C3 convertase and a C5 convertase. True or false?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
13Which of the following molecules is larger?
- AC3b
- BC3a
14Which of the following is the only complement protein which is not biologically active?
- AC2b
- BC2a
- CC3a
- DC3b
15What is the start molecule in the alternative complement pathway?
- AC3
- BC5
- CC9
- DC1
16When this molecule is cleaved, a bond is exposed which allows the molecule to attach to the microbial surface. What type of bond is this?
- AThioester bond
- BPeptide bond
- CTriple carbon bond
- DGlycosidic bond
17If there are no microbes present, what will happen to the C3b?
- AIt will dissolve and complement will not be activated
- BIt will bind to human cells and initiate lysis of those cells
- CIt will activate T cells, because it has detected no bacteria, but there may be a virus present
18What factor will bind to the C3b if it attaches to a microbial surface?
- AFactor D
- BFactor B
- CFactor A
- DC4
- EC1
19What factor causes C3bB to become C3bBb?
- AFactor D
- BC4
- CFactor A
- DFactor C
20What acts as C3 convertase in the alternative pathway?
- AC3bBb
- BC3bBbC3b
- CC4b2a
- DC4b2aC3b
21What is the function of C3 convertase?
- ACleave more C3 into C3b and C3a
- BCause more C3 to bind to microbial surfaces
- CActivate C3b
- DDestroy C3a
22What is the C5 convertase in the alternative pathway?
- AC3bBb
- BC3bBbC3b
- CC4b2a
- DC4b2a3b
23The C3a molecules are not biologically active. True or false?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
24What does C5 convertase initiate?
- AThe terminal pathway
- BThe classical pathway
- CThe lectin pathway
25C5 convertase converts C5 into C5b and C5a. Which will bind to the complex of complement proteins which is building up on the microbial surface?
- AC5b
- BC5a
26Which proteins does C5b recruit?
- AC9
- BC6
- CC7
- DC1
- EC8
27C7 proteins is hydrophobic. What is the significance of this?
- AIt can insert itself into the membrane
- BIt can hydrolysis C9
- CIt enter the cytoplasm of the microbe
28Which complex of molecules recruits C9?
- AC3bBbC3b
- BC5b-C8
- CMAC protein
- DC4b2a
29In what form is the C9 molecule in?
- APore form
- BHydrophobic form
- CHydrophilic form
- DD-isomer form
30What does MAC cause?
- ALysis of the microbe due to water influx through C9
- BDisruption of the cell membrane due to insertion of hydrophobic complement proteins
- COpsonisation of the pathogen to increase the efficacy of phagocytosis
- DInitiation of apoptosis of the microbial cell
- EActivation of T cells
31Which molecule does the classical pathway begin with?
- AC1
- BC3
- CC5
- DC9
32Which parts of the C1 molecule act as the protease?
- AC1r
- BC1s
- CC1q
33How many C1q chains are there per C1 molecule?
- A2
- B4
- C6
- D8
34What is the function of C1q?
- AAnitbody binding site
- BProtease
- CAntigen binding site
- DMicrobial surface binding site
35Which part of the immune system is the classical pathway a component of?
- AAdaptive
- BInnate
36Which part of the antibody does C1 bind to that causes activation of the classical pathway?
- AFc region
- BFab region
- CHinge region
- DHeavy chain
37C1 must bind to two antibodies to cause activation. Why is this?
- ASo it cannot be activates by free antibodies
- BSo it can only be activated by IgA
- CSo it is only activated in the case of serious infection
- DSo it is only activated in the case of bacterial infection
38Which antibodies can activate the complement pathway?
- AIgA
- BIgG
- CIgM
- DIgD
- EIgE
39Which part of the C1 molecule is activated when it binds to antibodies?
- AC1r
- BC1s
- CC1q
40After the C1 molecule is fully activated, what is the first molecule that is cleaved?
- AC4
- BC2
- CC5
- DC3
41C4b contains a thioester bond which allows it to bind to the microbial cell surface. True or false?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
42Which molecule causes the cleavage of C2 into C2a and C2b?
- AC1s
- BC4b
- CC1r
- DFactor B
- EC4a
43Which part of the cleaved C2 molecule forms a complex with the C4b on the microbial surface?
- AC2a
- BC2b
44What is the function of C2b?
- AOpsonisation
- BC3 convertase
- CIt has no function
- DActivation of B cells
45What is the C3 convertase in the classical pathway?
- AC4b2a
- BC4b2a3b
- CC3bBb
- DC3bBbC3b
46Which complex acts as C5 convertase in the classical pathway?
- AC4b2a3b
- BC4b2a
- CC3bBb
- DC3bBbC3b
47The terminal pathway is the same in all three complement pathways. True or false?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
48When MBl or ficolin binds to microbial residues, what happens?
- AActivation of MASP1 and MASP2
- BC3 cleavage
- CMAC protein formation
- DActivation of C1r and C1s
49What proteins will be cleaved by the MASP proteins?
- AC1
- BC4
- CC3
- DC2
- EC5
50What is the C3 convertase in the lectin pathway?
- AC4b2a
- BC4b2a3b
- CC3bBbC3b
- DC3bBb
51Which complement proteins act as opsonins?
- AC3b
- BC4b
- CC2b
- DC2a
- EC9
52Why must complement be tightly regulated?
- ATo prevent it attacking healthy cells
- BTo prevent it from forming too many MAC complexes
- CTo prevent it from making blood hypercoaguable
53Which of the following are examples of fluid-phase complement regulators?
- AFactor H
- BC1 inhibitor
- CC4 binding protein
- DCD46
- EProtoctin
- FComplement receptor 1
54Which of the following are membrane bound regulators of complement?
- AFactor H
- BProtoctin
- CCD46
- DComplement receptor 1
- EC4 binding protein
- FC1 inhibitor
55C1 inhibitor deficiency can also be known as what?
- AChiadek-Higashi syndrome
- BHereditary angioedema
- CChronic granulomatous disease
- DCongenital splenomegaly
56What will happen if there is C1 inhibitor deficiency?
- AIncreased cleavage of C4 and C2
- BIncreases production of C9
- CIncreased stimulation of the lectin pathway
57What happens in factor 1 deficiency?
- AToo much C3 cleavage
- BMalformation of MAC complex
- CUnregulated activation of the alternative pathway
- DIncrease production of C5b
58What is a person with factor 1 deficiency at greater risk of?
- AViral infection
- BMeningitis
- CInfection with pyogenic bacteria
- DThrombosis
- ETissue damage
Información
- Descripción
- Infection and Immunity Test sobre Complement , creado por m p el 16/06/2015.
- Autor
- m p
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 12
- Etiquetas
- Valoración
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