Test
Physiology exam 2022 - Cycle 1
Preguntas del test (102)
1Which of the following statements properly describe hormones produced in hypothalamus:
- ATSH is produced from hypothalamus to bind to its receptor of the cellular membrane of the thyroid cell
- BCRH from hypothalamus stimulates anterior pituitary cells to liberate FSH and LH
- CParaventricular nucleus of hypothalamus increases liberation of oxytocin in positive feedback in response mechanism stimulation of the uterine cervix. it initiates and supports uterine contraction
- DLiberation of CRH is controlled by corticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol in mechanism negative feedback
2Find right sentences concerning transportation of CO2 in blood;
- AMost CO2 is transported in form of carbaminians and carbaminohemoglobin
- BBicarbonate binds reversibly heme moiety of hemoglobin
- CMost CO2 is converted to bicarbonate by carbonic anhydrase of erythrocyte
- DPart of CO2 is reversibly bound to hemoglobin forming carboxyhemoglobin
3Which of the following statements concerning water are true;
- ASpecific heat of water is low. Because of this reason water is excellent heat conductor
- BWater is an excellent solvent because of its polar molecule
- CWater easily passes across cellular membrane through non-gated channel for cations
- DVasopressin controls synthesis of the protein-AQP2 and its insertion to the apical membrane of the cells of the collecting ducts in kidney. AQP2 performs active transport.
- EAdipose tissue is the least hydrated tissue
4Put the following ions in the extracellular fluid in proper order, begin with least concentrate (mmol)
1. Na+
2. K+
3. Mg2+
4. Cl-- A1, 2, 3, 4
- B3, 2, 4, 1
- C3, 4, 2, 1
- D1, 4, 2, 3
5Identify the right statement concerning erythrocytes
- ASphingosine 1-phosphate derived from their plasma membrane is a strong chemoattractant agent mobilizing HSC from bone marrow niches
- BSphingosine 1 -phosphate derived from their plasma membrane is a strong chemoattractant agent facilitating homing of HSC in bone marrow niches
- CNitric oxide liberated from hemoglobin in tissues, facilitates vasodilation improving blood supply
- DCarbonic anhydrase of erythrocytes reduces hemoglobin, improving oxygen supply to tissues
- E2,3-DPG increases affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen and decreases oxygen utilization
6Which of the following statements concern facilitated diffusion.
- AWater soluble substances are transported through the cellular direction of such a diffusion depends on a chemical gradient
- BNa+ passes through the nicotinic receptor which is a ligand
- CFacilitated diffusion of hydrophobic substances easily
- DGlucose transporters GLUT are examples of system
7Haemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve is shifted to the right due to: (reduced affinity)
- ARise of the concentration 2,3 DPG
- BRise of pH
- CDecline of the pCO2-
- DRise to the body temperature
- EAnemia
8Find right sentences concerning erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- Ait is a ratio of volume of all erythrocyte to the volume of the whole blood
- BIt is proportionate to plasma concentration of globulin
- Cit should not exceed 15mm/h in healthy adults. It is much higher in infectious diseases and cancer
- DIt is proportionate to packed cell volume (PCV, Hematocrit)
9Which statements characterize IgM immunoglobulins.
- AIt can easily produce agglutination of erythrocyte in room temperature
- BIt can cross blood placenta barrier
- CIt can bind complement
- DIt has two antigen binding sites
- Eit's a secretory immunoglobulin
10Which of the following characteristics are typical for erythrocyte of a fetus:
- AThey contain fetal hemoglobin which is replaced by the adult type of hemoglobin during first weeks of life
- BTheir shape is more spherical; they have small fragments of cellular nuclei
- CThe characterize with lower affinity for oxygen than erythrocyte with adult hemoglobin
- DTheir expression of antigens of ABO system is lower (they have less antigens of ABO systems on their erythrocyte)
11Which of the following statements are true and concern cholinergic
- AAll muscarinic receptors are g-protein coupled receptors.
- BSome of the cholinergic receptors are tyrosine kinase
- CSome of them are ionotropic receptors of the postsynaptic membrane of the autonomic ganglia
- DActivation of muscarinic receptors rises activity of the adenylyl cyclase
12Which of the following statements concern G-Protein:
- AGlycine receptor is one of best known example of the g-protein
- BThey are all metabotropic receptors
- CThey are metabotropic receptors able to autophosphorylate
- DThey activates synthesis of intracellular messengers such as cAMP
13Which of the following receptors are metabotropic
- APTH receptor
- BIP3 receptor
- CIGF receptor
- DAdrenergic receptor
14Which of the following statements properly describes nicotinic receptor
- AIt is a ligand-gated sodium channel
- BActivity of this receptor brings IPSP to the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction
- CIt is a channel for small cations and anions. It is blocked by nicotine
- DTwo molecules of a natural agonist are bound to alpha-subunits of the receptor
15Action of heparin are ...
- AIt inhibits activity of plasma factors 4 and 5.
- BIt activates natural anticoagulant protein of platelet
- CIt inhibits activity of activated Stuart factor and thrombin (factor X and II)
- DIt facilitates adhesion and aggregation of platelet
- EIt performs proteolytic degradation of activated factor I
16Which of the following statements concerning thromboxane A2 (TxA2) is true:
- AMost known action of TxA2 are mediated by its own receptor which is a ligand
- BTxA2 intensifies degranulation of platelet (release of the content of granules)
- CIt facilitates aggregation of platelet
- DIt produces vascular contraction
- EIt activates fibrinolysis
17Natural anticoagulants are:
- AHeparin
- BTissue thromboplastin
- CAntithrombin III
- DFibrinogen
- EFibrin deposition
- FHistamine
18Which of following results of blood tests may suggest improperly low activity of thrombin:
- AProlonged clotting time
- BProlonged APTT(activated partial thromboplastin time)
- CProlonged bleeding time
- DProlonged prothrombin time (increased INR)
- EProlonged thrombin time
19Identify proper statement concerning platelets
- AThey can be activated by heparin
- BThey adhere to intact vessel in presence of heparin
- CThey are activated by tissue thromboplastin
- DTheir activity is irreversibly inhibited by aspirin
- EThey adhere to sub-endothelial collagen and non-collagen glycoprotein
20Identify function of PTH
- AIt intensifies both calcium and phosphate reabsorption
- BIt increases concentration of phosphate in plasma of bloods
- CIt increases activity of 1a-hydroxylase in kidneys
- DIt decreases reabsorption of calcium from gastrointestinal tract
21Identify right statements concerning clotting time
- AIt is prolonged in people treated with heparin
- BIt depends on the number of platelets
- CIt depends on the state of the vascular wall
- DIt tests processes of intrinsic pathway of coagulation
22Choose the correct statement concerning B-Lymphocyte
- AMHC class II is presented on their membrane
- BIn effect of antigenic stimulation, they form plasma cell and secrete immunoglobulin
- CThey are formed mainly in thymus
- DThey mediate cellular immunity
23Blood type A individual have genes which code for;
- AThe sequence of amino acids of both the A antigen and B antigen
- BEnzyme transferase that catalyzes placement of N-acerylgalactosamine onto H antigen
- CEnzyme transferase that catalyzes placement of fucose forming H Antigen
- DEnzyme transferase that catalyzes placement of N-acetylalactosamine onto D Antigen
- EEnzyme transferase that catalyzes placement of D-galactose onto H antigen
24A couple requests blood typing of their child (Father B RhD positive, mother is A RhD Positive). Childs erythrocyte is agglutinated by anti-B antibodies, not agglutinated by anti-A and Anti-D antibodies. Childs Serum agglutinates A-typed erythrocyte does not agglutinate B-type.
Which of the following are correct:- AThe child is the natural offspring of this couple
- BThe mother is natural, the father is not the natural father
- CThe father is natural and the mother is not the natural mother
- DBlood type in ABO system is A
- EBlood type in ABO system is B
- FBlood type in ABO system is AB
- GChild is Rh- Positive
25A young adult non-obese female 50 kg was injected intravenously with 1200 mg inulin. Laboratory analysis revealed that the plasma concentration of inulin is 120mg/L. Proper conclusion is:
- AVolume of plasma is improper and equals 10 liters, the possible reason is over hydration or hypervolemia
- BVolume of plasma is proper and equals 3.2-3,5 liters. Water homeostasis is maintained
- CVolume of extracellular fluid is proper and equals 10 liters. Water homeostasis is maintained.
- DVolume of extracellular is improper and equals 10 liters. The possible reason is dehydration
26Which of following statements properly describe metabotropic receptors (MR)?
- AMuscarinic receptor are coupled to phospholipase C and adenylyl cyclase
- BGABAb receptor is an example of metabotropic receptor
- CTyrosine kinase receptors are metabotropic receptor able to autophosphorylates after binding their ligands
- DSome adrenergic receptors are tyrosine kinase receptors
27Which of the following statements properly concern G proteins?
- ABinding of insulin to G protein of the insulin receptor initiates process of activation of adenylyl cyclase
- BExtracellular ligands bind to G-protein coupled receptors which in turn activate particular G protein
- CInhibitory G protein (Gi protien) is coupled to carbonic anhydrase of some cells
- DThe G-protein activates a cascade of signaling events that finally results in a change in cell functions
28Which of the following receptors are ionotropic?
- ARyanodine receptor
- BRhodopsin receptor
- CPTH receptor
- DNicotine receptor
29Which of the following statements properly describe hormones produced by anterior pituitary gland = APG?
- ADopamine decreases liberation of from APG in mechanism of negative feedback
- BLiberation of corticoliberin (CRH) from APG is stimulated by corticotropin (ACTH)
- CTSH is liberated from APG. TSH binds its metatropic receptor of the membrane of the thyroid cell
- DGnRH (gonadoliberin) from hypothalamus stimulates anterior pituitary cells to secrete FSH and LH
- EProlactin is produced by supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus and liberated by the anterior pituitary
30Actions of angiotensin II are:
- AIt mediates vasoconstriction
- BIt decreases reabsorption of sodium ions in kidneys
- CIt stimulates secretion of aldosterone from adrenal cortex
- DIt increases heart rate
31Oxytocin;
- AIt produces contraction of the uterus
- BIt binds to the ligand-gated sodium channel of smooth muscle cells of the uterus
- CIt is responsible for milk ejection due to contraction of myoepithelial cells
- DIt has galactopoietic activity -it stimulates production of milk
32Phenomena causing increased liberation of renin are:
- AIncreased arterial pressure
- BReduced volume of ECF and hypoperfusion of the kidney
- CDecreased load of distal tubular fluid (NaCl) in area of the macula densa (of the distal tubule)
- DIncreased volume of ECF (hypervolemina)
33Put following ions the ECF in proper order, beginning from the most concentrated (mmol/L):
1. Na+
2. Cl-
3. HCO3-
4. K+- A1, 2, 4, 3
- B1, 3, 2, 4
- C4, 2, 3, 1
- D1, 2, 3, 4
34Which of the following statement concerning active transport are true?
- ANa/K ATPase exchanges 2 sodium ions for 1 potassium ion. Each such exchange requires 2 ATP molecules
- BCo-transportation of glucose and sodium ions requires previous action of Na/K-ATPase. Such the mechanism is an example of secondary active transport
- CCalcium ions are actively pumped into cellular cytosol by the calcium ATP-ase. This mechanism maintains higher concentration of calcium in cellular cytosol than in ECF
- DActive transport mechanism are able to move substances against concentration gradient
35Action of glucocorticoids (cortisol) are:
- ARise of liberation of histamine from mast cells
- BRise of gluconeogenesis
- CRise of plasma concentration free fatty acids
- DIntensification of catecholamine-dependent bronchodilation
36Channels embedded in cellular membrane can be gated by:
- AExtracellular ligand such as glycine
- BChange of the electrical potential of the cellular membrane
- CMechanical deformation of the cell
- DSecond messenger such as IP3
37Which of the following statements properly describes beta-adrenergic receptors?
- ABeta-adrenergic receptor is ligand-gated channel
- BActivity of adrenergic receptors brings EPSP to the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction
- CBeta-adrenergic receptors are G protein coupled receptors related to adenylyl cyclase
- DActivation of beta-adrenergic receptors up-regulates synthesis of cAMP
38Which of following statements properly concern metabolism of calcium ion?
- AGrowth hormone exerts hypercalcemic effect
- BPTH up-regulated (increases) mobilization of calcium ion from bones
- CPTH decreases activity of 1alpha-hydroxylase of vitamin 25-OHD3 in kidney
- DThyroid hormones decrease plasma concentration of calcium
39Which of following will NOT haemolyse erythrocytes?
- A5% solution of glucose
- BBenzene, ether and other organic solvents
- CIgG against D-antigen administered to Rh-D-negative mother after delivery of the Rh-D positive fetus
- D0,6% saline
40Which of following will facilitate detachment of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin?
- ARise of pH
- BRise pO2
- CRise of body temperature
- DRise of CO2
41Which of the following statements are true in case of erythropoietin (EPO)?
- AAdenosine and androgens inhibit secretion of EPO
- BEPO is produced by interstitial cells in peritubular capillary bed of kidneys
- CEPO increases the number of erythropoietin sensitive committed stem cells in the bone marrow that are converted by red blood cell precursors
- DHypoxia (low partial pressure of O2) in kidney is the main stimulus for EPO release
42Find right sentences concerning transportation of CO2 in blood:
- A5-7% of all the CO2 is transported physically dissolved in blood
- B10% of CO2 is converted to bicarbonate. Conversion is spontaneous and performed in plasma of blood
- CPart of CO2 is reversibly bound to hemoglobin, forming carbaminohemoglobin
- DCarbaminohemoglobin is an example of reduced hemoglobin of red-brown colour
43Which of following statements properly concern eosinophils?
- AThey migrate in large number into tissues infected by parasites where they release hydrolytic enzymes
- BThey release heparin, histamine as well as small quantities of bradykinin and serotonin
- CThey belong to the adaptive immune system. they are not able to phagocyte
- DThey aggregate in tissues when allergic reactions occur, (peribronchial tissue in people with asthma)
- EThe exhibit chemotaxis
44Which of following statements properly concern agglutination?
- AAdministration of heparin slows the process agglutination
- BAgglutination is in vitro phenomenon resulting from an interaction between the agglutinogen and agglutinin
- CGamma globulins of IgM class are able to produce immediate agglutination in room temperature
- DAgglutination results from an interaction between the platelet's GP IIb/IIIa and vascular collagen
45Which of following sentences are true?
- AAgglutinins against antigens of Rh system develop in childhood
- BImmediately after birth, the quantity of agglutinins in the plasma of the newborn is almost zero
- CImmunoglobulin against antigens 0-A-B blood type system are produced by the fetus before the birth
- DAgglutinins in 0-A-B blood type system are produced in effect of immunization against antigens A and B commonly present in environment
46In Rh system of blood:
- AD antigen is the most antigenic (the strongest) component of the system
- BD antigen is the only antigen of the system
- CAntigens are proteins, located only on membranes of erythrocytes
- DAgglutinogens are synthesized in Rh-D negative individuals after exposure to Rh-D positive blood
47Complement is a group of more than 25 proteins of the innate immunity. Find their actions
- AChemotaxis (chemoattraction) of macrophages and neutrophils
- BDegranulation of the eosinophils and monocytes - mast cells and basophils
- CPromotion of agglutination of invading microbes
- DPresenting on the water soluble antigen
- EOpsonization
- FMaturation of erythrocytes
48Which statements characterize IgG immunoglobulin?
- AIt can easily produce agglutination of erythrocytes
- BIt cannot cross blood-placenta barrier
- CBinding of C1 complex of complement to antigen-IgG complex initiates classical pathway of complement activation
- DIt has only 2 antigen-binding sites
- EIt is a memory immunoglobulin
49Identify right statements concerning the Bleeding time test?
- AIts duration is inversely proportional to the number of platelets
- BIt does not depend on concentration and activity of plasma factors of secondary hemostasis
- CIt is prolonged in people treated with heparin
- DIt tests processes of intrinsic pathway of coagulation
50Choose the correct statements concerning B lymphocytes?
- AThey mediate cellular immunity
- BLymphocytes B are classified as professional antigen presenting cells
- CThey are formed mainly in in thymus
- DB lymphocytes express B cell receptors on their cell membrane. It allows B lymphocytes to bind a specific antigen
51Analyze ABO system of a couple: a woman (blood type A) has a father whose blood type is O, and is married to a man whose blood type is B (his mother type is A). What is their child probability of blood type A:
- A75%
- B0%
- C50%
- D25%
52Which of the following statement concern G-Protein concern receptors?
- ANicotinic receptor is an example of G-Protein coupled receptor
- BExamples of G-Protein coupled receptor are rhodopsin and GABA(b)-Receptor.
- CG-Protein coupled receptors are metabotropic receptors
- DAll G-Protein coupled receptors are metabotropic receptors, they activate intracellular enzymes.
53Which of the following statements properly concern muscarinic receptors?
- AAll muscarinic receptors are serpentine G-coupled receptors.
- BSome of them are ligand-gated ionic channels.
- CMuscarinic receptors modify activity of adenylyl cyclase of phospholipase C.
- DAcetylcholine is an antagonist of all muscarinic receptors
54Which if following receptors are ionotropic receptors
- AIP3 & ryanodine receptors
- BRhodopsin and vasopressin receptors
- CInsulin and adrenergic receptors
- DGlycine & nicotinic receptors
55Find proper sequence of events in signal transduction of the G-Protein coupled receptor
1. G-Protein dissociates from the receptor, Subunits of G protein dissociate
2. Binding of the ligand to its native receptor, receptor activates
3. Subunits of G-Protein interact with their appropriate enzymes, activating various second messenger pathways and other effector proteins.
4. Receptor interacts with G-protein to promote a conformational change and the exchange of GDP to GTP
5. Autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues of beta-subunit of the receptor, beta-subunit phosphorylates other proteins.
4.- A1, 2, 4, 3
- B1, 3, 4, 2
- C2, 3, 4, 1
- D2, 4, 3, 1
56Which of following statements properly describe characteristics of facilitated diffusion?
- AIn facilitated diffusion, membrane carriers enable movement of molecules through cellular membranes against concentration gradient.
- BParticular membrane carrier is able to transfer one particular type of molecules soluble in water.
- CFacilitated diffusion characterized with limit rate of transfer of substance diffuse as maximum saturation.
- DWater molecules pass from the cell of the collecting duct to its lumen through the system of facilitated diffusion called AQP2
57Which of following statements properly concern gating of channels of a cellular membrane:
- AInsulin receptor open channels for tyrosine, which become phosphorylated in cytosol of the cell - belong to the family of tyrosine kinase receptor
- BGlycine receptor is an example of chemically-gated channel for chloride ion
- CSmooth muscle cells can contract being mechanically stretched it is mediated by stretch gated channels
- DAction potential of excitable cells is usually evoked by entrance of cations through electrical gated channels
- EAction potential of excitable cells is usually provoked by outflow of anions through ligand-gated channels
58B-lymphocytes
- AExpress MHC II
- BInclude cellular response
- CInclude humoral response
- DStimulated by IL-2
59Identify right statement concerning erythrocytes:
- ACarboxyhemoglobin is a reduced form
greater than O2 - BMethemoglobin is the oxidized form
- CCarries 97% of oxygen in blood
- DCarries 97% of CO2
- ACarboxyhemoglobin is a reduced form
60A couple requested blood typing of their child(father AB-. Mother B-). child erythrocytes are agglutinated by antigen B immunoglobulins, not agglutinated by Anti-A or anti-D. Child Serum
agglutinates A-typed erythrocytes, doesn't agglutinates B-typed erythrocytes. which following conclusions are true- AChild is a natural offspring of this couple
- BMother is natural, father is not the natural father
- CFather is natural, mother is not the natural mother
- DBlood types in ABO system is A
- EBlood types in ABO system is B
- FBlood types in ABO system is AB
- GChild is Rh-
- HChild is Rh+
61What is correct concerning the intrinsic pathway:
- ADepends on factor 3-12
- BDepends on release of HMWK
- CDepends on vascular wall
- DNeeds calcium ions
- ENeeds action of thromboxane
62Hemolysis of normal erythrocytes occur:
- ADistilled water
- B0.5% concentration of glucose
- CUrea solution
- D0.2% saline
63Characteristics of IgM:
- AHas 2 antigen binding sites
- BMemory immunoglobulin
- CActivate complement
- DProduce aggregation in standard environment of own plasma
64Vasopressin is released when:
- AIncreased blood pressure
- BIncreased blood volume
- CIncreased osmotic pressure of blood and cerebrospinal fluid
- DDecreased blood volume
- EDecreased osmotic pressure of blood and cerebrospinal fluid
65Growth factor (Somatotropin) stimulated by:
- AHyperglycemia
- BHypoglycemia
- CStress and sleep (REM)
- DPhysical exercise
66Identify factors reducing affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen:
- AAcidosis
- BIncrease concentration of 2,3 BPG in erythrocytes
- CIncreased temperature
- DDecreased pH of blood
67Simple diffusion:
- AProtein can diffuse easily through membrane
- BDepends on chemical gradient
- CHydrophobic proteins cannot diffuse via membrane
68Erythrocytes of newborn:
- AContain immature hemoglobin that matures during first week after delivery
- BHemoglobin has higher affinity to oxygen
- CHave small nucleus
- DContain less hemoglobin than mature erythrocytes
69Which of following statements concerning water are true:
- AWater characterizes with extremely high specific heat -absorption of energy without change of temperature
- BIt is a natural solvent and environment for all physiological and chemical processes occurring inhuman organism
- CAldosterone directly increases water reabsorption in collecting duct
- DMain cation of intracellular water compartment is Mg2+, main anion HCO3-
70Identify right statements concerning Total Body Water (TBW)
- AIts volume can't be assessed by intravenous injection of Inulin or other colloid molecule
- BMajority of water of TBW fills extracellular compartment of organism
- CIt is usually 60% of the body weight of the young adult human and it tends to decrease with age
- DWater can easily pass through cellular membrane via common to all cells water channel- aquaporin AQP1
71Factors that stimulate growth hormone (GH, somatotropin) release are:
- AGnRH liberated from hypothalamus
- BHyperglycemia
- CDecreased concentration of FFA + glucose in plasma
- DPhysical exercise
72Which of the following statements concerning oxytocin are true:
- APeptide hormone synthesized in anterior pituitary gland
- BIts liberation is inhibited by stimulation of mechanoreceptors located in cervix of the uterus
- CResponsible for milk ejection due to contraction of myoepithelial cells
- DProduces contraction of smooth muscle cells of pregnant + non-pregnant uterus
73Which of following statements concerning affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen are true:
- AAffinity is inversely proportional to pH
- BAffinity is proportionate to the body temperature
- CProduct of glycolysis in erythrocytes - 2,3 BPG decreases affinity of hemoglobulin for oxygen
- DHigh partial pressure of carbon dioxide - pCO2 in plasma decreases affinity of hemoglobin for
oxygen
74Low level of PCV may result from:
- AHemorrhage (rapid loss of blood cells)
- BAnemia (loss of RBC)
- CDehydration
- DRepetitive exercise
75Identify statements characteristic for "0" typed individuals in ABO system:
- AThey have gene/genes coding for the sequence amino acids of fucosyl-transferase
- BHave no antigens on membranes of erythrocytes
- CBoth anti-A and anti-B immunoglobulins are synthesized after exposition to those antigens
- DBoth anti-A and anti-B hemagglutinins are present in their plasma since their birth
76Find solutions able to produce hemolysis to normal erythrocytes:
- AHypertonic solution of glucose
- BOrganic solvents (soap, detergents, etc)
- CDistilled water
- DHypotonic solution of sodium chloride
77Haemolytic Newborn disease can cause:
- AAnemia
- BHypobilirubinemia
- CDecreased production of EPO
- DDeath
78Choose the correct statement concerning B-lymphocytes
- AThey are mediators of humoral immunity
- BThey are formed mainly in thymus
- CIn effect of antigenic stimulation they form plasma cells which secrete Ig
- DThey mediate cellular immunity
79Agglutination of erythrocytes is in vitro phenomenon. Which of following processes may facilitate agglutination.
- ACooling (decreasing of temp) of in vitro preparation
- BAdministration of Ig against human IgG (idea of indirect antiglobulin test/indirect Coombs test)
- CEnzymatic modification of molecules of IgG immunoglobulins
- DActivation of complete system performed by complexes antigen immunoglobulins IgM/IgG
80In healthy humans which of following morphological elements of peripheral blood have shortest life span:
- AMacrophages
- BThrombocytes
- CHematopoietic stem cells
- DErythrocytes
- EMemory B lymphocyte
81PCV (Packed Cell Volume) of female is 20%. Identify right sentence concerning her case:
- AHer RBC is approximately 3,5 mln/mm3
- BShe is in a state of dehydration
- CThe client suffers anemia
- DClient is in a state of polycythemia
- EHer RBC is approximately 2,0 mln/mm3
82Identify right statement concerning EPO:
- A85% of erythropoietin comes from kidney and 15% from liver
- BSynthesized in kidney and next hydroxylated in liver in effect of hypoxia
- CChemoattractant facilitates homing of blood progenitor cells in bone marrow
- DBilaterally nephrectomized (removal of both kidneys) patients are able to maintain proper erythropoiesis
- EEPO stimulates differentiation of erythrocytes from cells of Colony Forming Unit of Mixed Lineages
- FG-CSF and interleukins 3 stimulates differentiation of erythrocytes from Colony Forming Unit of Mixed-Lineages
83Hematopoietic stem cells play key role in human organism. Identify right statement:
- AMigrate among stem cell niches of embryo
- BPossesses ability for self renewal, highly resistant to radio chemotherapy
- CHSCs are not able to differentiate into blood cells of lymphoid lineage
- DMigration of HSCs finishes after birth. Hematopoiesis is performed in axial skeleton + proximal parts of long bones
84Identify the right statement related to counting of leukocytes in hemocytometers (Such as Burker chamber):
- AMeasurement of leukocytes requires previous hemolysis of erythrocytes
- BFluids used for counting of leukocytes shrink erythrocytes
- CFluids used for counting of leukocytes stain organelles of leukocytes
- DCounting of leukocytes requires previous staining of all blood cells
- EHypertonic solution used for counting of leukocytes dilutes blood
85Which of the following statements concerning ESR are true:
- AAssessment of ESR requires centrifugation of erythrocytes
- BIncrease of globulins concentration and decrease of albumin concentration in plasma decreases aggregating ability of erythrocytes. Due to this reason ESR rises
- CNormal ESR in healthy adult humans is usually lower than 10 mm/hour
- DESR increases during menstruation and after physical exercise
86Which of following statement concerning erythrocytes are true:
- ARDW (RBC distribution width) is quantitative measure of MCV
- BMCV is an erythrocyte index expressing average volume of erythrocytes
- CConcentration of hemoglobin in blood of healthy adult women ranges 12-16 g/dL
- DStandard erythrocyte due to its size + shape is not able to pass via capillaries which diameter is lower than 10 micrometer
87Identify right statements concerning an antigen:
- ASecreted by plasmocytes in effect of immune response
- BIt is any substance which is able to induce specific immune-response
- CSecreted by T-lymphocytes in effect of immune response
- DAble to activate complement system when bound by APCs
88Which of following statements may characterize basophiles of blood:
- AHave large, dark blue granules in their cytoplasm
- BPresent antigens to immune competent cells
- CAccount for 5-10% of all leukocytes of peripheral blood
- DTheir granules contain histamine, heparin + other chemicals involved in allergic + immune responses
89Functions of ionized Ca2+ in organism are:
- AIt inhibits secretory processes
- BMaintains proper functioning of cellular membrane transport
- CFactor 4 of coagulation supports proper coagulation process
- DIt modifies hemoglobin which reduces hemoglobin affinity for oxygen
90Identify right statements concerning tetany:
- AHigh plasma concentration of magnesium produces tetany
- BHypocalcemia produces tetany
- CTetany can be observed in people whose ventilation is depressed
- DTetany will be observed in people with elevated level of PTH in plasma
- ETetany can be observed in hyperventilating people
91Which statement characterize IgG immunoglobulin
- ACan easily produce aggregation in standard environment of own plasma
- BCannot pass through placenta
- CCan activate complement system
- DHas 2 antigen binding sites
- EA memory immunoglobulin
92Which of following terms and definitions properly describes hemoglobin molecules able to perform their action in conditions in human organism:
- AMethemoglobin which is a form of oxygenated hemoglobin present in lungs
- BCarbaminohemoglobin, form of deoxygenated hemoglobin bound by CO2
- CCarbaminohemoglobin, a form of deoxygenated hemoglobin bound by CO
- DOxyhemoglobin, a form of oxygenated hemoglobin present in lungs
- EOxyhemoglobin, a form of oxidized hemoglobin dominating in erythrocytes of arterial blood
93Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT):
- AProlonged in case of low plasma concentration of fibrinogen (Factor 1)
- BDepends on processes of intrinsic pathway of coagulation
- CDepends on platelets count
- DDepends on state of vascular wall
94Identify proper statement concerning plasma coagulation proteins dependent on vitamin K:
- AThey can be activated by heparin. substrates for thrombin
- BPost-translatory modification of molecules of prothrombin factor 2 + 10 in liver depends on vitamin K
- CActivity is inhibited by inhibitors of cyclooxygenase
- DThey are plasma coagulation factors 1, 5, 8
- EThey are proteolytic enzymes (serine-proteases)
95Identify proper statements concerning plasma coagulation proteins dependent on vitamin K:
- AThey can be activated by heparin
- BThey are plasma coagulation factors II, VII, IX, X
- CThey are plasma coagulation factors I, V, VIII, XIII
- DTheir activity is inhibited by inhibitors of cyclooxygenase
- EThey are plasma coagulation factors XI, XII, HMWK
- FInhibited by coumarin-derivatives such as dikumarol + warfarin
96Extrinsic pathway of coagulation:
- ABegins with exposure of collagen + activation of factor 7+3 coagulation
- BBegins with liberation of tissue thromboplastin (tissue factor (3))
- CRequires factor 12 for full activation of hemostatic process
- DRequires calcium ions
97Find right sentences concerning hemagglutinins:
- AAgglutinogens are synthesized in Rh+ individuals after exposure to Rh- blood
- BHemagglutinins in ABO system are mostly IgM class
- CHemagglutinins in ABO system are inborn
- DIn ABO system they are synthesized after immunization against antigen A + B commonly present in environment
98Which of following receptors are ionotropic receptor for cations?
- AIP3 receptor.
- BRyanodine receptor.
- CGlycine receptors.
- DGABAA receptors.
- ENicotinic receptors
99Which of following expressions about MHC class I complexes are true?
- AThey are present in almost all cells, except for erythrocytes.
- BThey are present only on antigen presenting cell.
- CTheir role is to present proteins and activate helper T-lymphocytes
- DIt plays role in defense against intracellular pathogens.
100Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT):
- Aprolonged in case of low plasma concentration of fibrinogen (factor 1)
- BDepends in processes of intrinsic pathway of coagulation
- Cdepends on platelets count
- Ddepends on state of vascular wall
101Identify proper statement concerning plasma coagulation proteins dependent on vitamin K:
- Athey can be activated by heparin. substrates for thrombin
- BPost-translatory modification of molecules of prothrombin factor 2 & 10 in liver depends on vitamin K
- Cactivity is inhibited by inhibitors of cyclooxygenase
- DThey are plasma coagulation factors 1, 5, 8
- EThey are proteolytic enzymes (serine-proteases)
102Identify proper statements concerning plasma coagulation proteins dependent on vitamin K:
- AThey can be activated by heparin
- BThey are plasma coagulation factors II, VII, IX, X
- CThey are plasma coagulation factors I, V, VIII, XIII
- DTheir activity is inhibited by inhibitors of cyclooxygenase
- EThey are plasma coagulation factors XI, XII, HMWK
- FInhibited by coumarin-derivatives such as dikumarol and warfarin
Información
- Descripción
- One last hurdle in this subject...>..<
- Autor
- Soheila Amri
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
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