Test
Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery - CM (91-120)
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Preguntas del test (30)
1As general principles of treatment in vascular trauma the following are true:
- AAll patients with vascular trauma should be evaluated for further lesions in order to prioritize treatment.
- BHemorrhagic shock is frequently present in patients with vascular trauma to the limbs
- CJaws should be used to ensure hemostasis
- DHemodynamic balancing should be started immediately and as soon as possible preoperatively
- EFirst and foremost, life-threatening injuries must be excluded or treated
2Patients who have manifestations due to damage to important vessels need immediate surgical treatment. Which of the following statements is true?
- AThe first measure in surgery is proximal and distal control of the lesion
- BAt the level of the damaged vessel, the presence of thrombosis should be sought, in case of its existence, the thrombosis should be removed with the help of the Fogarty probe.
- COnce the arterial control is obtained, the damaged vessel will be excised to the healthy area.
- DThe arterial and venous repair is usually done by interposing a graft, preferably synthetic (it's PTFE)
- EArterial and venous repair is usually done by interposing an autologous graft.
3Which of the following statements about vascular trauma is true:
- AExtremity without sensitivity and motor skills usually requires amputation if there is significant nerve destruction
- BTraumatized extremities are likely to develop acute compartment syndrome
- CThe precise and correct evaluation of the compartment syndrome is done by directly measuring the pressure in the compartment
- DThe presence of shock or associated multiple lesions are absolute indications for amputation
- EVascular injury itself is not the deadly factor for amputation.
4Acute arterial insufficiency is in most cases the result of intrinsic obstruction through a thrombus. The following statements are true:
- AThe most common source of embolism is the heart
- BAtheroma plaque embolism or blue finger syndrome may occur
- CThe clinical manifestations of acute arterial occlusion by thrombosis are more severe than in other etiologies.
- DDeep vein thrombosis can cause a paradoxical arterial embolism.
- EThe major cause of acute peripheral ischemia is embolism
5Cardinal clinical signs in acute ischemia:
- APain
- BParesthesia
- CPallor
- DThe presence of the distal pulse at the level of the occlusion
- ESkin cold
6The following statements are true:
- AIn cases of severe acute ischemia, where the diagnosis is obvious and suspicion of a strong etiology is not required, no further paraclinical investigations are required to establish the therapeutic indication.
- BSince the heart is the main source of embolism, examination of cardio-pulmonary function is essential.
- CUltrasound examination (especially Duplex examination) is especially useful for establishing the existence of associated venous thrombosis.
- DLong-term success does not depend on controlling the sources of embolism
- EChanging the consistency of muscle mass means a poor prognosis.
7The following statements about acute peripheral ischemia are true:
- AAdministration of heparin prevents distal thrombus spreading
- BIschemic extremities should be protected not only from the cold, but also from the heat or pressure exerted on them.
- CRetrograde flow (the flow of blood flowing from the distal end of the artery after removal of the obstruction) means an efficient distal vascular bed.
- DIn the case of venous thrombosis, venous thrombosis should be removed after restoring arterial flow.
- EProtecting the vascular bed located distal to the obstruction is the first stage of treatment in acute ischemia
8Which of the following statements is not false?
- ATo be effective, embolectomy must be indicated and performed early, in the first 6 hours.
- BDecompression fasciotomies are indicated preventively in all acute ischemia.
- CEmbolectomy is usually performed under local anesthesia, especially since most patients are elderly and in poor general condition.
- DHeparin minimizes thrombosis spread and stimulates natural thrombus lysis as well as the development of collateral circulation.
- EEfficient arterial revascularization is ruled out in the absence of adequate distal flow.
9The following statements are true about acute aortic dissection:
- AHigh blood pressure is the most commonly used contributing factor in the production of acute aortic dissection.
- BThe incidence of Marfan syndrome in aortic dissections is between 4-15%
- CMedia necrosis (cystic degeneration of the media) is found in 20% of cases of aortic dissection.
- DMost often the aortic dissection is asymptomatic and can go unobserved
- EAbnormality of aortic root may be the pre-existing anatomical condition of an aortic dissection.
10The following statements are true:
- AThe bicuspid aortic valve is frequently associated with acute aortic dissection
- BChest trauma can cause aortic dissection
- CHalf of the dissections that occur in young women (under the age of 40) are of interest to pregnant women.
- DLow blood pressure is a rule in patients with aortic dissection.
- EIatrogenic trauma during cardiac surgery can lead to aortic dissection.
11The following are valid in acute aortic dissection:
- ARupture of the external (adventitial) wall of the false lumen most commonly occurs in the pericardium or left pleural cavity.
- BPatients with type A dissection are generally younger and include patients with Marfan syndrome and annuloaortic ectasia.
- CType B dissection is usually found in middle-aged or elderly men.
- DAorctic insufficiency is rare in the case of dissection of the proximal aorta.
- EDissection in pregnant women usually occurs in the second trimester or even during labor.
12A number of factors influence preoperative mortality in acute aortic dissection:
- AThe time interval between diagnosis and surgery.
- BExistence of cardiac tamponade
- CExistence of acute renal failure.
- DExistence of preoperative aortic insufficiency
- EAcute myocardial infarction.
13In the case of traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta, surgery is postponed in four categories of patients:
- APatients with severe brain damage.
- BSeptic patients
- CPatients with extensive burns
- DPatients with severe left lung trauma
- EPatients with severe trauma to the right lung.
14The non-invasive methods of vascular exploration are as follows:
- AMeasuring the ankle-arm index
- Bplethysmography
- CDoppler examination
- DAngiography
- EDigital blood pressure measurement
15Therapeutic thrombolysis is mainly used in the following situations:
- AIn the treatment of acute myocardial infarction
- BIn the treatment of pulmonary embolism
- CIn deep vein thrombosis with onset of more than 14 days
- DIn deep vein thrombosis with onset less than 14 days
- EIn acute arterial thrombosis
16The main contraindications of thrombolysis are:
- AMedical history of brain and spinal cord injuries: injure, aneurysms, surgery, neoplasms
- BStroke
- CUncontrolled bleeding
- DArterial hypotension.
- EArterial hypertension
17The following statements about aorto-iliac disease are true:
- Aintermittent claudication is located in the b uttocks, hips, thighs and legs
- Bdistal claudication (at the level of the foot) excludes aortoiliac occlusive disease.
- Ctype I aorto-iliac disease involves limiting the pathological process to bifurcation of the aorta and iliac arteries
- DType III aortic-iliac disease involves in addition to affecting the aorta and iliac and infrahinal arteries
- EIn addition to intermittent claudication, men with aorto-iliac disease may also experience impotence
18Patients with aorto-iliac disease manifested by moderate or mild intermittent claudication will benefit from the following conservative therapeutic measures:
- Asmoking cessation
- Bdaily exercise
- Cweight loss
- D”D’emblée” surgery
- EDaily water consumption
19The age and strengths associated with patients with aorto-iliac disease may indicate a specific alternative revascularization technique:
- AAxillary-femoral bypass
- BAtherectomy
- CEndoluminal angioplasty
- DAorto-femoral bypass
- EFemoro-femoral bypass
20The following statements about obstructive atherosclerotic disease are true:
- AThe natural course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is invariably toward amputation
- BIt is more frequently characterized by stable intermittent claudication.
- CSymptoms may improve as collateral circulation develops.
- DResting pain and critical limb ischemia are absolute surgical indications.
- EDistal trophic lesions are classified in stage IV Leriche-Fontaine
21Among the postoperative complications that may occur after a femoral-popliteal bypass are the following complications:
- Athrombosis of the graft
- BBleeding
- CInfection
- DSexual impotence
- ELymphoma
22Which of the following statements is true?
- ATransient stroke is a strong indication for carotid endarterectomy if associated with more than 70% carotid stenosis
- BAge does not in itself contain a contraindication for intervention
- CMost transient ischemic strokes last more than 24 hours
- DMost transient ischemic strokes last less than 24 hours
- ELoss of vision on the same side as the lesion (amaurosis fugax) is a characteristic symptom of carotid stenosis.
23The characteristic symptoms of carotid stenosis are:
- AWeakness, numbness and clumsiness in the contralateral limbs
- BLoss of vision in the same part as the lesion (amaurozis fugax)
- CDysphasia in case of damage to the dominant hemisphere
- DTinnitus
- EVision loss is characteristic, with the patient describing blindness as a dark curtain drawn from top to bottom.
24Complications of carotid endarterectomy can be:
- AStroke
- BParalysis of the hypoglossal nerve, glossopharyngeal, facial or recurrent larynx
- CHematoma
- DAmnesia
- EAcute myocardial infarction
25Rupture of the infrarenal aortic aneurysm occurs more often posteriorly in the retroperitoneum.
The clinical signs are:- AShock
- BThe presence of a pulsatile abdominal mass
- CAbdominal or lumbar pain
- DDigestive hemorrhage
- EHypotension
26Among the complications that can occur in elective surgery of infrarenal aortic aneurysms are:
- AIntraoperative bleeding
- BDeclamping shock in operations on the abdominal aorta
- CEmbolization in the carotid territory
- DDamage to the ureter
- EEmbolization in the distal arterial bed
27The main complication of peripheral aneurysms are:
- AThrombosis
- BDistal embolism
- CRupture
- DDigestive hemorrhage
- ECompression of adjacent veins
28Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is characterized by:
- AHypertrophic elongation of a limb
- BPainful flat angiomas
- CCongenital varicose veins
- DMacroscopic arteriovenous fistulas
- EMicroscopic arteriovenous fistulas
29Parks-Weber syndrome is manifested by:
- AHypertrophic elongation of a limb
- BAngioma
- CVascular nevi
- DCongenital arterial-venous fistulas
- EVaricose veins
30The following statements about thrombangitis are true:
- ALumbar sympathectomy is still widely indicated.
- BDistal touch and the absence of a distal vascular bed do not allow surgery to revascularize the seams.
- CSmoking cessation is the essential etiopathogenetic treatment.
- DSurgical revascularization is possible in the vast majority of cases.
- EQuitting smoking reduces the rate and incidence of amputations.
Información
- Descripción
- 5/6 (Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery) USMF, MED. 2, 5th Year Test sobre Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery - CM (91-120), creado por Sonya B. el 23/09/2026.
- Autor
- Sonya B.
- Idioma
- English
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