Test
Evolution and emotion
Este test tiene tipos de pregunta que se abren en el reproductor de siempre.
Preguntas del test (88)
1What is evolutionary psychology?
- AThe study of mammals from the ice age
- BFollows the evolution of animals through their lifetime
- CThe study of human nature in the light of evolutionary thought
- DThe development of all aspects of psychology through evolution in mammals
2What are some species-specific traits that distinguish humans from other species?
- AIntelligence
- BLanguage
- CMorality
- DSexuality
- EWar/ aggression
- FCooperation
- GDependibility
- HInheritance
3What is the evidence of evolution?
- AGeological stratification of fossils/ transitional fossils
- BCommon descent
- CAll of the above
- DVestigial traits
4The modern definition of evolution is 'heritable changes in a population over time'
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
5Which one of these statements are false regarding evolution?
- AEvolution is progressive
- BEvolution does not have a purpose
- CEvolution and natural selection are not the same thing
- DEvolution has evidence
6Whom does adaptations benefit?
- ABiosphere
- BSpecies
- CGroups
- DIndividual survival
- EGenes
7[blank_start]Direct[blank_end] fitness = through own offspring
[blank_start]Indirect[blank_end] fitness = through relatives’' offspring
[blank_start]Inclusive[blank_end] fitness = Direct + Indirect fitness- ADirect
- BIndirect
- CInclusive
- DIndirect
- EDirect
- FInclusive
- GInclusive
- HDirect
- IIndirect
8Adaptation (and hence natural selection) favours traits that maximise inclusive fitness
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
9What is the purpose of adaptation?
- ATo develop traits that ensure survival
- BTo develop traits that ensure survival and therefore enhancing reproductive success
- CTo develop traits that enhance reproductive success
- DTo ensure the protection of a species
10Are all biological traits adaptive?
- AYes
- BNo
11What are some measures of intelligence?
- AProblem solving
- BTactical deception
- CEvidence of perspective talking
- DIQ tests
- EInterspecific competition
12What is the encephalisation quotient?
- AA measure of relative brain size defined as the ratio between actual brain mass and predicted brain mass for an animal of a given size
- BA rough estimate of intelligence or cognition of a given animal
- CBoth answers
13What is the evolutionary compromise for the problems with the small pelvic cavity and large cranium of infant during childbirth in humans?
- ABabies born premature relative to other primates
- BBabies kept in the womb for longer
- CFemales pelvic cavity expand
- DInfant is given birth to feet first
14What evolutionary pressures necessitated the development of intelligence?
- AEnvironmental
- BTool use
- CSocial brain
- DSexual selection
- ESurvival
- FDevelopment
- GForaging hypothesis
15Machiavellian intelligence (also known as political intelligence or social intelligence) is the capacity of an entity to be in a successful political engagement with social groups
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
16What are the advantages of large social groups in species?
- ADefence against predators
- BFind and defend food resources
- CProtection against same species violence
- DReduces foraging efficiency
- ESocial competition
- FCompetition for mates
- GBenefits out weight costs
17The larger the social group size the larger the brain size (neocortex) in most species
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
18What are the preferred traits of men by women in sexual selection?
- AComplex stories
- BWord play
- CInnovation
- DClever jokes
- ECreativity
- FArt
- GLarger hands
- HLanguage complexity
19What is the social brain hypothesis?
- ALanguage evolved for grooming not for information transfer
- BLarger groups have more time for grooming
- CLanguage does not facilitate intelligence
- DAll of the above
20Aggression is an emotion
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
21What are the cultural causes of aggression?
- ASocieties
- BPolitical and economic systems
- CIdeology
- DMedia
- EHunger: predation
- FDefence of resources and mates
- GDominance hierarchy
22What is philopatry?
- AThe tendency of an organism to stay in or habitually return to a particular area
- BThe theory that aggression improves reproductive success
- CThe adaptive strategy of organisms to leave their habitat when it is under threat
- DAll of the above
23Aggression is a strategy that improves reproductive success in many primate species
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
24[blank_start]Unokai[blank_end] - a male who has killed another male
[blank_start]Waiteris[blank_end] - fierce warriors- AUnokai
- BWaiteris
- CWaiteris
- DUnokai
25[blank_start]Mutualism[blank_end] - immediate benefits to both parties
[blank_start]Altruism[blank_end] - immediate benefit to only beneficiary- AMutualism
- BAltruism
- CAltruism
- DMutualism
26What are the three types of mutualism?
- ANon-zero - no losers
- BZero sum - no losers
- CZero sum - winners and losers
- DBy product - taking advantage of other's selfish behaviour
- EBy product - winners and losers
27What are the cognitive requirements for reciprocal altruism?
- AIndividual recognition
- BMemory for past interactions
- CQuantification of costs and benefits
- DTime assessment
- ERecognise and punish cheaters
- FInhibit selfish desires/ impulses
- GRecognise intentions and goals
- HRecognise costs
- IRecognise and reward cheaters
28Reciprocal altruism is not unique to humans
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
29Punishment helps sustain cooperation in the face of cheating
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
30Emotions
[blank_start]Liking[blank_end]: Initiate altruistic partnership with those likely to reciprocate
[blank_start]Anger[blank_end]: Reaction to being cheated: avoid and/or punish cheater
[blank_start]Gratitude[blank_end]: Reaction to being helped: return favour in future
[blank_start]Sympathy[blank_end]: Help those in need; earn gratitude
[blank_start]Guilt[blank_end]: Recover from cheating: return extra benefit after cheating
[blank_start]Shame[blank_end]: Punish self after cheating; avoid or reduce punishment, by showing reduced chances of future cheating- ALiking
- BAnger
- CGratitude
- DSympathy
- EGuilt
- FShame
- GAnger
- HLiking
- IGratitude
- JSympathy
- KGuilt
- LShame
- MGratitude
- NLiking
- OAnger
- PSympathy
- QGuilt
- RShame
- SSympathy
- TLiking
- UAnger
- VGratitude
- WGuilt
- XShame
- YGuilt
- ZLiking
- AAAnger
- ABGratitude
- ACSympathy
- ADShame
- AEShame
- AFLiking
- AGAnger
- AHGratitude
- AISympathy
- AJGuilt
31What are the costs of sex?
- ATime
- BEnergy
- CVulnerability
- DProximity
- EDisease transmission
- FOnly transmit half of your genes
- GResources
- HEmotional costs
32What are the benefits of sex?
- AIntroduces variability
- BBetter ability to overcome disease, competitors and predators
- CSpread of beneficial mutations
- DDNA repair during meiosis
- EImproved immune system
- FFun
- GIntroduces relationships between organisms in social group to create alliances
33What are the investments from sperm?
- ANaked DNA
- BSmall
- CLarge
- DNo food
- ENo protective shell
- FCheap production
- GMany produced
- HProtective shell
34In sexual selection, females choose and males compete
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
35What is the different investment involved in women that is involved in typical but not minimal investment?
- ALarge egg
- B9 months pregnancy
- C15 Kg nutrients
- D2-4 years of nursing
- ESeveral years of teaching
36Is there high or low dimorphism in male-male competition?
- AHigh
- BLow
37Men prize younger women and women prize older men
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
38Which type of jealousy do men portray more than women?
- AEmotional
- BSexual
- CPhysical
- DAll of the above
39Where does the sense of fairness in humans come from?
- AReligion
- BSociety/ culture
- CBoth answers
40Fairness is an outgrowth of reciprocal altruism
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
41Is fairness a natural or learned trait?
- ANatural
- BLearned
42How are moral choices decided?
- AInvoluntary, unconscious, emotion driven
- BConscious, rational, deliberate, principled
- CBoth answers
43What are the characteristics of the doctrine of double effect?
- AHas two effects: good and bad
- BGood effect outweighs the bad
- CBad effect outweighs the good
- DBad outcome is not intended
- ENo other alternatives
- FGood outcome is not intended
- GThe bad outcome is not the means to the good
44Moral intuitions = doctrine of double effect + personal force
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
45What is emotion caused by?
- APhysiological changes in the brain and body in response to an external event or internal thoughts
- BStimulation of the amygdala
- CPhysical changes in the brain after a traumatic event
- DAll of the above
46[blank_start]EMOTION[blank_end]
= Clear object or target
Relatively [blank_start]short[blank_end]-lived, and often [blank_start]intense[blank_end]
Facial expressions last 0.5s – 4s
Response to an [blank_start]external[blank_end] stimulus
[blank_start]MOOD[blank_end]
= An emotional ‘state’ that can last for hours, days, weeks.
Can be [blank_start]low[blank_end] intensity
When a mood begins and ends is hard to tell
‘Objectless’
[blank_start]FEELINGS[blank_end]
= Subjective representation of Emotions
Only you know how it feels to experience your own emotions
[blank_start]Internalised[blank_end]- AEMOTION
- BMOOD
- CFEELINGS
- DMOOD
- EEMOTION
- FFEELINGS
- GFEELINGS
- HMOOD
- IEMOTION
- Jlow
- Khigh
- Lshort
- Mlong
- Nintense
- Omild
- Pexternal
- Qinternal
- RInternalised
- SExternalised
47Which word is used to describe the combination of emotion, mood and feelings?
- AAffect
- BExperience
- CPersonality
- DDisplay
48What is the primary feeling of emotion?
- AStimulus evokes a physiological response,
- BThis physical ‘arousal’ makes a person experience a certain emotion
49Even if the physiological response was removed, we would still feel emotion
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
50According to the Cannon-Bard Theory, where does external stimulus stimulate?
- AThalamus
- BCortex
- CAmygdala
- DCorpus callosum
51
Schachter-Singer 2-Factor Theory (1960s)
[blank_start]Physiological[blank_end] arousal occurs in response to a stimulus
[blank_start]Cognitive[blank_end] appraisal of arousal and the context in which it is felt
Emotion is [blank_start]interpreted[blank_end] and labelled according to both physiological response and stimulus context- APhysiological
- BSocial
- CPhysical
- DCognitive
- EInternal
- FExternal
- Ginterpreted
- Hblocked
52During drive in the internal environment, what occurs?
- AControl centres continuously monitor nutrients and chemicals
- BReactions to threat
- CBoth answers
53Motivation involves the seeking of positive experiences
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
54What are the functions of emotions?
- ASurvival
- BCommuication
- CBehaviour
55How long do transient, variable and flexible facial expressions last?
- A0.5-4 seconds
- B2 seconds
- C5-6 seconds
- D0.25-0.5 seconds
56What is the facial action coding system (FACS)?
- ASystematically categorises movement of facial muscles that produce emotional expressions
- BManually codes most facial expressions
- CBoth answers
57[blank_start]Discrete emotion categories[blank_end] - adaptive, evolved to deal with fundamental life tasks, distinctive appearance, common to all
[blank_start]Dimensional model of emotion[blank_end] - something used to conceptualize human emotions by defining where they lie in two or three dimensions- ADiscrete emotion categories
- BDimensional model of emotion
- CDimensional model of emotion
- DDiscrete emotion categories
58In the circumplex model (Russell, 1980), whcih values are on the axis?
- AArousal
- BAnger
- CValence
59Which basic emotions are we born with?
- AAnger
- BSadness
- CHappiness
- DDisgust
- EFear
- FSurprise
- GDisappointment
- HJealousy
60Which type of emotion can be cultural specific?
- AEmotional displays
- BEmotion perception
- CBoth answers
61Which culture was found to be concerned with self and displayed emotions such as anger and pride more than others?
- AWestern
- BEastern
- CSouthern
- DNorthern
62What are the techniques involved in faking emotion?
- AIntensification: Exaggerate the expression
- BDeintensification: Dampening down the expression
- CMasking: Expressing one emotion while feeling another
- DNeutralising: Feeling an emotion but displaying no expression
- EDemasking: Expressing many emotions while feeling none
- FExpressing: Expressing all emotions
63Is a genuine smile duchenne or non-duchenne?
- ADuchenne
- BNon-duchenne
64Which body interface is regarded as the bodily state centre?
- AArousal
- BLimbic system
- CNeurotransmitters
65Which three systems are activated during arousal?
- AReticular activating system (RAS)
- BAutonomic nervous system (ANS)
- CEndocrine system
- DCentral nervous system (CNS)
- ESympathetic nervous system
66What occurs in the RAS?
- ANeuronal circuits connecting brainstem to cortex
- BPrimitive brain region, crucial to survival
- CRegulates sleep-wake cycles
- DLargely subconscious control of internal organs and glands
- ESystem of glands which secrete hormones into bloodstream
67What occurs in the ANS?
- ALargely subconscious control of internal organs and glands
- BContains sympathetic nervous system
- CContains parasympathetic nervous system
- DRegulates sleep-wake cycles
- EIn the brain (hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid) and body (alimentary canal)
68What occurs in the endocrine system?
- AIn the brain (hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid) and body (alimentary canal)
- BSystem of glands which secrete hormones into bloodstream
- CHormones regulate various bodily functions: homeostasis
- DContains sympathetic nervous system
- EPrimitive brain region, crucial to survival
69What are the roles of arousal?
- AConsciousness
- BAttention
- CInformation processing
- DMotivation
- EEmotion
- FFocusing
- GIntelligence
70Which brain structure is involved in experiencing emotion?
- AHippocampus
- BThalamus
- CAmygdala
- DAll of the above
71Which structure of the brain is located at the top of the brainstem and regulates arousal and awareness and damage to this area causes a coma?
- AThalamus
- BHippocampus
- CAmygdala
- DHypothalamus
72Which structure is involved in long term memory and emotional context including fear conditioning?
- AHippocampus
- BHypothalamus
- CCorpus callosum
- DAmygdala
73What is involved in the dopamine/ dopaminergic system?
- ALimbic areas
- BPrefrontal cortex (PFC)
- CEndocrine areas
74Where is there a decreased level of dopamine in schizophrenic patients?
- APrefrontal cortex
- BLimbic areas
- CHypothalamus
- DHippocampus
75What is the levels of oxytocin like in autistic patients?
- ALow
- BHigh
76What does the Broaden-and-Build theory of positive emotions mean?
- AExpands awareness
- BEncourage exploratory, varied, and novel thoughts and actions
- CBoth answers
77Positive emotions serve long term purposes whereas negative emotions carry direct, immediate and adaptive benefits
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
78Why is self regulation important?
- AFundamental to normal social & cognitive functioning
- BPrevents outbursts of emotion
- CPrevents isolation from social groups
- DDevelops the brain structures involved in emotion processing
79What is cognitive reappraisal?
- AChanging the meaning of a situation
- BChanging the way you think about an emotion
- CReduce the physiological consequence of a situation - decreases expressive behaviour
- DAll of the above
80Reappraisal is less effective than suppression
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
81Sleep deprivation increases sensitivity to negative stimuli
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
82What is the effect of the negative interpretation bias?
- ALack of sleep can make neutral information seem negative
- BExcessive sleep can reduce emotional processing
- CLack of sleep reduces the number of neurotransmitters in the nervous system
- DAll of the above
83[blank_start]Top-down[blank_end] Attention - Under personal control, goal-driven, chosen attentional focus, conscious
[blank_start]Bottom-up[blank_end] Attention - aspects of the stimulus or environment drive attentional focus, motion, sudden noise, visual salience, no personal choice to attend or ignore- ATop-down
- BBottom-up
- CBottom-up
- DTop-down
84Negative emotion enhances vividness and detail of memories
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
85What is the evolutionary importance of emotion?
- ATo guide action and to plan for similar future occurrences
- BTo form complex structures in the brain
- CTo form social groups to ensure survival
- DAll of above
86In the long term memory test, which emotion was memory enhanced for?
- AAngry
- BSad
- CHappy
- DFearful
87In the short term memory test, which emotion was memory enhanced for?
- AHappy
- BSad
- CFearful
- DAngry
88What is long term memory better for?
- AAngry faces
- BPrecision/ local information processing
- CPriority processing
- DProtective
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre Evolution and emotion, creado por Rhona Cummine el 10/05/2016.
- Autor
- Rhona Cummine
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 0
- Valoración
- Aún sin valoraciones Valora este test