Test
Applied Sports Psychology Exam 1
Preguntas del test (122)
1Sport psychology specialists have three roles. These include
- Aa. teaching, research, and consulting
- Bb. teaching, administration, and consulting
- Cc. research, administration, and teaching
- Dd. teaching, intervention, and research
- Ee. intervention, teaching, and consulting
2Behavior is determined by the interaction of the environment and personal makeup of the performer. This idea is an example of a:
- Aa. cognitive–behavioral orientation
- Bb. behavioral orientation
- Cc. cognitive–affective orientation
- Dd. social–psychological orientation
- Ee. cognitive–environmental orientation
3Sport and exercise psychology is first and foremost a:
- Aa. science
- Bb. art
- Cc. applied field of study
- Dd. laboratory-based field of study
- Ee. none of the above
4Coleman Griffith established the first research laboratory in sport psychology at the University of:
- Aa. Notre Dame
- Bb. Illinois
- Cc. Minnesota
- Dd. Wisconsin
- Ee. Iowa
5The father of American sport psychology is:
- Aa. Coleman Griffith
- Bb. Rainer Martens
- Cc. Dan Landers
- Dd. Dan Gould
- Ee. Robert Singer
6Which of the following statements is (are) true?
- Aa. Sport psychology focuses on the concerns of the elite athlete.
- Bb. Sport psychology focuses on the competitive sport of young athletes.
- Cc. Sport psychology is actually concerned with both sport and exercise settings.
- Dd. Sport psychology focuses on recreational athletes.
- Ee. none of the above
7Educational sport psychologists usually have years of training in:
- Aa. psychology
- Bb. education
- Cc. sport and exercise science
- Dd. sociology
- Ee. educational psychology
8Scientifically derived knowledge has some limitations, including that it:
- Aa. is reductionistic
- Bb. is very fast to evolve
- Cc. tends to be conservative
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and c
9Trait anxiety refers to _________ anxiety, whereas state anxiety refers to __________ anxiety.
- Aa. general; momentary
- Bb. momentary; general
- Cc. competitive; noncompetitive
- Dd. noncompetitive; competitive
- Ee. none of the above
10Test anxiety is an example of a:
- Aa. trait measure
- Bb. state measure
- Cc. situation-specific trait measure
- Dd. situation-specific state measure
- Ee. none of the above
11Taking an intra-individual approach to psychological testing means that:
- Aa. individuals are compared against population norms.
- Bb. individuals are compared against how they usually score on a particular psychological inventory.
- Cc. individuals are compared to norms for their age and gender.
- Dd. individuals are compared based on objective and subjective assessments.
- Ee. none of the above
12The interactional approach assumes that:
- Aa. situational and personal variables are codeterminants of behavior.
- Bb. personality interacts with the psychological core to determine behavior.
- Cc. highly aggressive people, for example, will usually react in an aggressive manner when placed in an aggressive situation.
- Dd. a and c
- Ee. a and b
13The trait approach to personality assumes that:
- Aa. people behave differently in different situations.
- Bb. people behave similarly in different situations.
- Cc. personality does not change much over time.
- Dd. a and c
- Ee. b and c
14The most superficial and therefore most easily changed part of a personality structure is its:
- Aa. psychological core
- Bb. role-related behavior
- Cc. typical responses
- Dd. belief system
15Recent research has been critical of some of the findings concerning the relationship between mood states and performance. Which of the following is NOT a recommended guideline for using mood profiling with elite athletes?
- Aa. Use it as a monitor of training load.
- Bb. Use it as a monitor of the acclimatization process.
- Cc. Use it as a predictor of team success.
- Dd. Use it as a monitor of emotional response to injury.
- Ee. Use it for identification of overtrained athletes.
16Researchers have recently used the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI) to investigate the relationship between coping skills and performance. Results have indicated that:
- Aa. good psychological coping skills help athletes get the most out of their ability.
- Bb. good psychological coping skills are associated with continued involvement in professional baseball.
- Cc. the ACSI is a good tool to use for team selection.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and b
17Recently, the "big five" model of personality has become widely accepted. Which of the following is not one of the five personality factors in the model?
- Aa. agreeableness
- Bb. conscientiousness
- Cc. neuroticism
- Dd. extraversion
- Ee. depression
18To better understand personality, you should:
- Aa. be a good communicator
- Bb. be an informed consumer
- Cc. use lots of personality tests with athletes
- Dd. be a good observer
- Ee. consider both personality traits and states
19According to results from in-depth interviews with Olympic athletes, medalists exhibited which of the following mental strategies?
- Aa. more positive self-talk.
- Bb. more extensive mental preparation.
- Cc. better preparedness for unforeseen negative events.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and b
20Which of the following is (are) true?
- Aa. Successful female athletes differ in personality from female nonathletes.
- Bb. Male and female elite athletes have similar personality profiles.
- Cc. Female athletes are more aggressive and independent than female nonathletes.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and c
21The research investigating the personality profiles of athletes and nonathletes has found that:
- Aa. no specific personality profile distinguishes athletes from nonathletes.
- Bb. athletes have higher levels of anxiety than nonathletes.
- Cc. athletes are more introverted than nonathletes.
- Dd. athletes have higher levels of self-esteem than nonathletes.
22Which of the following statements about exercise and personality is (are) true?
- Aa. There is a positive relationship between exercise and self-concept.
- Bb. Exercise has consistently been related to changes from Type A behavior to Type B behavior.
- Cc. Exercise participation is most strongly related to social self-concept.
- Dd. a and b
- Ee. a and c
23The phenomenological approach to personality is consistent with the interactional approach except that it focuses on:
- Aa. the individual’s interpretation of the situation and himself or herself.
- Bb. the traits of an individual.
- Cc. the situation a person is dealing with at the time.
- Dd. the behavior of the individual.
- Ee. the outcome of the behavior.
24Participant motivation usually is the result of:
- Aa. personal factors
- Bb. situational factors
- Cc. a combination of personal and situational factors.
- Dd. the history of success or failure.
- Ee. none of the above
25Achievement motivation can best be viewed as a(n):
- Aa. situational factor
- Bb. personality factor
- Cc. interactional factor
- Dd. attributional factor
- Ee. unstable factor
26As used in the sport psychology literature, motivation can refer to:
- Aa. an internal personality characteristic.
- Bb. an external influence.
- Cc. a consequence of or an explanation for behavior.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and b
27What is critical in affecting the performance and behavior of sport and exercise participants?
- Aa. motivation
- Bb. physiology
- Cc. biomechanics
- Dd. sociological factors
- Ee. all of the above
28An effective technique to use to change undesirable motives of a participant is:
- Aa. behavior modification
- Bb. cognitive intervention
- Cc. rational emotive therapy
- Dd. cognitive restructuring
- Ee. self-monitoring
29The most difficult but most important component of structuring sport and exercise environments to meet an athlete's or exerciser's needs is:
- Aa. individualizing coaching and teaching.
- Bb. finding rigorous training environments.
- Cc. deciding on what motivational strategy to use.
- Dd. balancing extrinsic and intrinsic motivation.
- Ee. none of the above
30To understand students', athletes', and exercisers' motives for involvement, one should:
- Aa. observe participants to see what they like and do not like about the activity.
- Bb. talk to others who know the athletes and exercisers.
- Cc. periodically ask the participants to list their reasons for participation.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and c
31Which of the following statements is (are) true?
- Aa. Mastery goals should be used more often than outcome goals.
- Bb. Feedback to athletes should emphasize attributing their success to high ability and high effort.
- Cc. Lack of effort, rather than lack of ability, should be emphasized after a failure.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and b
32The interactional view of motivation claims that motivation is an interaction of which two factors?
- Aa. person and situation
- Bb. goals and coach’s style
- Cc. personality and goals
- Dd. personality and needs
- Ee. goals and win–loss record
33Which is the most widely endorsed view of motivation taken by sport psychologists?
- Aa. trait-centered
- Bb. situational
- Cc. interactional
- Dd. individual
- Ee. none of the above
34Motivated behavior is primarily a function of individual characteristics. This is consistent with which view of motivation?
- Aa. trait-centered
- Bb. situational
- Cc. individual
- Dd. interactional
- Ee. none of the above
35n a general sense, motivation can be defined as:
- Aa. the intensity and direction of one's effort.
- Bb. the direction and width of one's effort.
- Cc. the intensity of one's effort.
- Dd. the direction of one's effort.
- Ee. none of the above
36Which of the following is NOT a major reason for initially joining an exercise program?
- Aa. weight loss
- Bb. fitness
- Cc. health factors
- Dd. affiliation
- Ee. to feel better
37Stable attributions are linked to:
- Aa. affect
- Bb. cognition
- Cc. expectations of future success or failure
- Dd. emotions
- Ee. none of the above
38Which type of motivational climate is associated with the most adaptive motivational changes?
- Aa. mastery
- Bb. performance
- Cc. outcome
- Dd. decision making
- Ee. attributional
39A task goal orientation will usually lead to which of the following?
- Aa. persistence in the face of failure.
- Bb. selecting moderately difficult tasks or opponents.
- Cc. a strong work ethic.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and b
40Ability is considered a(n) _______ and ________ attribute.
- Aa. stable; external
- Bb. stable; internal
- Cc. unstable; internal
- Dd. unstable; external
- Ee. controllable; unstable
41Attribution theory focuses on:
- Aa. how individuals explain their success and failure.
- Bb. how groups explain their personality attributes.
- Cc. how individuals explain their personal attributes.
- Dd. how individuals explain their personal biases.
- Ee. none of the above
42In terms of emotional factors, high achievers focus on _______, whereas low achievers focus on ________.
- Aa. pride; shame
- Bb. elation; depression
- Cc. fun; depression
- Dd. shame; pride
- Ee. pride; depression
43Bill is always concerned with comparing his ability to others' and winning. Bill thus has:
- Aa. a mastery goal orientation.
- Bb. a task goal orientation.
- Cc. an attribution goal orientation.
- Dd. an outcome goal orientation.
- Ee. an achievement goal orientation.
44A substantial imbalance between demand and response capability under conditions in which failure has important consequences refers to:
- Aa. arousal
- Bb. sensational pressure
- Cc. stress
- Dd. state anxiety
- Ee. trait anxiety
45There is a direct relationship between one's level of:
- Aa. cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety
- Bb. trait anxiety and state anxiety
- Cc. arousal and stress
- Dd. a and c
- Ee. b and c
46Arousal refers to the:
- Aa. direction of motivation
- Bb. intensity of motivation
- Cc. frequency of motivated behavior
- Dd. interaction of cognition and emotions
- Ee. a and d
47Which of the following is NOT a physical manifestation of excess state anxiety?
- Aa. worry
- Bb. muscle tension
- Cc. attentional problems
- Dd. a and c
- Ee. b and c
48The importance placed on an event and the uncertainty that surrounds the actions of that event are sources of:
- Aa. state anxiety
- Bb. trait anxiety
- Cc. arousal
- Dd. personal stress
- Ee. situational stress
49A highly trait-anxious athlete (compared to a less trait-anxious athlete) would perceive competition as:
- Aa. more threatening and less anxiety producing
- Bb. less threatening and less anxiety producing
- Cc. more threatening and more anxiety producing
- Dd. less threatening and more anxiety producing
- Ee. none of the above
50The linear relationship between arousal and performance suggests that:
- Aa. as arousal increases, performance decreases
- Bb. as arousal decreases, performance decreases
- Cc. as arousal increases, performance increases
- Dd. as arousal decreases, performance increases
- Ee. arousal performance increases to an optimal level, and beyond this, performance decreases
51According to the catastrophe model, a "catastrophe" occurs with:
- Aa. high state and trait anxiety
- Bb. high cognitive and somatic anxiety
- Cc. high cognitive anxiety and high physiological arousal
- Dd. high somatic anxiety and low physiological arousal
- Ee. none of the above
52Increased arousal affects attentional focus in which of the following ways?
- Aa. narrowing of focus
- Bb. broadening of focus
- Cc. increase of scanning
- Dd. a and b
- Ee. b and c
53One's general level of anxiety that stays relatively stable over time refers to:
- Aa. trait anxiety
- Bb. state anxiety
- Cc. cognitive anxiety
- Dd. somatic anxiety
- Ee. arousal
54The inverted-U hypothesis predicts that:
- Aa. as arousal increases, performance decreases
- Bb. arousal can be either too low or too high
- Cc. top performance occurs at a moderate level of arousal
- Dd. a and c
- Ee. b and c
55Appropriate guidelines for applying arousal and anxiety knowledge include:
- Aa. recognizing the signs of increased arousal and anxiety.
- Bb. recognizing how personal and situational factors influence arousal and performance.
- Cc. tailoring coaching and instructional practices to individuals.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and c
56Which of the following is NOT symptomatic of heightened state anxiety?
- Aa. profuse sweating
- Bb. slowed breathing
- Cc. increased muscle tension
- Dd. inability to concentrate
- Ee. sleeping difficulties
57Which of the following is (are) true?
- Aa. Increased anxiety is always debilitating to performance.
- Bb. Athletes who perceive their anxiety as facilitating rather than harming their performances exhibit higher levels of performance.
- Cc. The intensity of anxiety is more important than its direction.
- Dd. a and b
- Ee. b and c
58Indicate any principle here that is NOT derived from the psychological studies on competition and cooperation.
- Aa. Blend competition and cooperation when teaching or coaching physical skills.
- Bb. People are born either competitive or cooperative.
- Cc. Cooperation produces better performance and more open communication than competition.
- Dd. When a competitor and a cooperator meet, the competitor will eventually draw the cooperator into competition.
- Ee. a and b
59Coakley defines cooperation as:
- Aa. a situation in which the goals of the participants are mutually independent.
- Bb. a social process through which performance is rewarded in terms of the collective achievements of the group.
- Cc. a situation in which rewards are distributed unequally among the participants.
- Dd. a situation in which rewards are distributed equally among the participants.
- Ee. none of the above
60Cooperative reward structures are more effective in which of the following situations?
- Aa. during work on tasks that are simple.
- Bb. during work on tasks that are physically demanding.
- Cc. during work on tasks that are complex and that involve problem solving.
- Dd. during work on tasks that involve more than five people.
- Ee. none of the above
61Deutsch's study on competition and cooperation found that:
- Aa. communication patterns differed significantly based on whether subjects were given cooperative or competitive instructions.
- Bb. students receiving competitive instructions exhibited closed communication and mistrust.
- Cc. students receiving cooperative instructions communicated openly and shared information.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and b
62Which of the following is (are) true?
- Aa. Cooperation produces a higher level of achievement than competition.
- Bb. Cooperation produces a higher level of achievement than individualistic behavior.
- Cc. There is no difference in achievement produced by competition and cooperation.
- Dd. a and b
- Ee. none of the above
63Coakley defines competition as:
- Aa. a situation in which rewards are distributed equally among the participants.
- Bb. a social process that occurs when rewards are distributed on the basis of comparative performance.
- Cc. a situation in which the goals of the participant are mutually interdependent.
- Dd. b and c
- Ee. none of the above
64Which of the following is NOT a stage in Martens' model of competition?
- Aa. objective competitive situation
- Bb. subjective competitive situation
- Cc. response
- Dd. social comparison
- Ee. consequences
65The key part of Martens' definition of competition is:
- Aa. social comparison
- Bb. observational learning
- Cc. objective outcome
- Dd. positive reinforcement
- Ee. none of the above
66Which of the following is a competitive situation according to Martens' definition of the objective competitive situation?
- Aa. a runner competing in a 100-yard dash.
- Bb. a swimmer working out by himself.
- Cc. a swimmer working out with his coach watching him.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and c
67The team sports of basketball and football are examples of which of the following classification of games?
- Aa. competitive means—competitive ends
- Bb. cooperative means—competitive ends
- Cc. individual means—individual ends
- Dd. cooperative means—cooperative ends
- Ee. cooperative means—individual ends
68One athlete looks forward to competition while another dreads the upcoming event. This is an example of:
- Aa. the objective competitive situation.
- Bb. the subjective competitive situation.
- Cc. response
- Dd. consequences
69Which of the following is NOT a type of competitive orientation measured by the Sport Orientation Questionnaire?
- Aa. competitive orientation
- Bb. goal orientation
- Cc. fear-of-failure orientation
- Dd. win orientation
70Which of the following statements is (are) true?
- Aa. Varsity athletes have lower GPAs than nonathletes.
- Bb. Varsity athletes have higher rates of deviant behavior than nonathletes.
- Cc. Varsity athletes are no different from nonathletes in terms of eventual career success outside of competitive sport.
- Dd. b and c
71Which of the following is (are) true?
- Aa. Competitors cause cooperators to compete.
- Bb. Cooperators cause competitors to cooperate, regardless of whom they are competing against.
- Cc. Competitors see the world as 50% competitors and 50% cooperators.
- Dd. a and b
- Ee. none of the above
72Team building is considered part of which stage of team development?
- Aa. forming
- Bb. storming
- Cc. norming
- Dd. performing
- Ee. joining
73Which of the following is (are) part of the norming stage?
- Aa. role acceptance
- Bb. increase in cooperation and solidarity
- Cc. conflict resolution
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and c
74A level of performance, pattern of behavior, or belief that is formally or informally established as appropriate by a group is called a:
- Aa. norm
- Bb. sanction
- Cc. role
- Dd. team climate
- Ee. standard
75Having athletes eat together or live together is an example of which factor that is important in developing an effective team climate?
- Aa. social support
- Bb. distinctiveness
- Cc. proximity
- Dd. fairness
- Ee. similarity
76Having members of an exercise class all wear special T-shirts with special logos is a way of enhancing group:
- Aa. distinctiveness
- Bb. similarity
- Cc. proximity
- Dd. attractiveness
- Ee. none of the above
77The phenomenon in which individual performance decreases as the number of people in the group increases is known as the:
- Aa. Ringelmann effect
- Bb. New York effect
- Cc. Steiner effect
- Dd. weakest link effect
- Ee. none of the above
78Which of the following can help reduce the occurrence of social loafing?
- Aa. increasing identifiability.
- Bb. breaking down the team into smaller units.
- Cc. increasing the arousal level of the athletes.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and b
79The common thread among the definitions of cohesion is that cohesion is made up of what two basic dimensions?
- Aa. task and social cohesion
- Bb. task and organizational cohesion
- Cc. social and organizational cohesion
- Dd. psychological and organizational cohesion
- Ee. psychological and social cohesion
80The number of athletes holding scholarships and the eligibility requirements are examples of which antecedent of cohesion?
- Aa. environmental factors
- Bb. team factors
- Cc. organizational factors
- Dd. leadership factors
- Ee. personal factors
81Michael Jordan spoke about everyone on the team coming together (cohesion) when they "stepped between the lines." This belief in one another is known as:
- Aa. collective efficacy
- Bb. group similarity
- Cc. group norm
- Dd. group role
- Ee. collective ability
82Individuals holding stronger beliefs about the cohesiveness of exercise classes are:
- Aa. more likely to attend more classes.
- Bb. more likely to drop out.
- Cc. more resistant to group disruption.
- Dd. a and b
- Ee. a and c
83Which of the following statements is true?
- Aa. The cohesion–performance relationship is positive for both interactive and coactive sports.
- Bb. The cohesion–performance relationship is positive for only interactive sports.
- Cc. The cohesion–performance relationship is negative for only interactive sports.
- Dd. The demands of the sport do not influence the cohesion–performance relationship.
- Ee. none of the above
84Which of the following statements best represents the relationship between cohesion and performance?
- Aa. This relationship is circular.
- Bb. Cohesion has a stronger effect on performance than performance has on cohesion.
- Cc. Cohesion has no effect on performance.
- Dd. Cohesion is negatively related to performance.
- Ee. none of the above
85Which of the following sports require the highest level of task cohesion?
- Aa. golf and archery
- Bb. basketball and ice hockey
- Cc. swimming and tennis
- Dd. baseball and wrestling
- Ee. volleyball and bowling
86Which of the following was (were) found to be a barrier to cohesion?
- Aa. members' struggling for power.
- Bb. little turnover in group membership.
- Cc. similar personalities among group members.
- Dd. a and b
- Ee. b and c
87In setting up a team goal-setting program, which of the following guidelines should be followed?
- Aa. Involve all team members in establishing goals.
- Bb. Set specific and challenging goals.
- Cc. Reward progress toward team goals.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and b
88The dimensions of the Multidimensional Sport Cohesion Instrument include:
- Aa. attraction to the group
- Bb. unity of purpose
- Cc. quality of teamwork
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and c
89The narrowing and internal focus associated with choking can result in:
- Aa. impaired timing
- Bb. loss of coordination
- Cc. poor judgment and decision making
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and b
90According to the text, "choking" should be defined as:
- Aa. a bad performance at a critical time of competition.
- Bb. a process that leads to impaired performance.
- Cc. making a mistake that costs you or your team a victory.
- Dd. making a mistake that is emotionally important to an athlete.
- Ee. all of the above
91Athletes with a preference for a broad–external focus:
- Aa. are seldom distracted by an audience.
- Bb. rarely try too hard to please others.
- Cc. seem to notice everything that is happening around them.
- Dd. are well prepared to act as a coach or informal leader.
- Ee. b and c
92"Cue" words are often effective because:
- Aa. they can help trigger a particular response.
- Bb. they can be motivational or emotionally stimulating.
- Cc. they may have an instructional component.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. b and c
93Future-oriented thinking (attending to events in the future):
- Aa. is common among younger athletes.
- Bb. involves seeing a past mistake while focusing on the present.
- Cc. often takes the form of "what about me" statements.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and c
94Top athletes seem to be able to do just the right thing at just the right time. From an attentional perspective, research has shown that this is mostly due to their ability to:
- Aa. analyze situations more quickly and use more anticipatory cues.
- Bb. use a narrow–external focus.
- Cc. use a broad–external focus.
- Dd. use a narrow–internal focus.
- Ee. analyze situations by using imagery and positive self-talk.
95If a golfer shifts attention just before a tee shot, from the length of the fairway and the direction of the wind to focusing only on the ball, her attention has shifted from _____ to _____.
- Aa. broad–internal; narrow–external
- Bb. broad–internal; narrow–internal
- Cc. broad–external; narrow–internal
- Dd. broad–external; narrow–external
- Ee. none of the above
96An example of Nideffer's broad–external type of attentional focus is:
- Aa. a basketball point guard's rapidly assessing the positioning of the defense while on a fast break.
- Bb. a coach's analyzing the game plan prior to the start of the competition.
- Cc. a baseball pitcher's focusing on the catcher's mitt just before beginning his pitch.
- Dd. a wrestler's practicing mental imagery on the bus ride to a meet.
- Ee. a basketball player's sighting the rim while on the free-throw line.
97Which of the following best represents William James' classic description of attention?
- Aa. It involves the ability to pay attention to several things at once.
- Bb. It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others.
- Cc. It involves components of both width and direction.
- Dd. It involves the components of both internality and stability.
- Ee. none of the above
98Using a trigger word to stop negative self-statements is called:
- Aa. thought stopping
- Bb. attentional narrowing
- Cc. external attentional focus
- Dd. peripheral narrowing
- Ee. tunnel vision
99Tennis and baseball players are able to successfully hit balls traveling toward them at high speeds because:
- Aa. they have learned to watch the ball hit their racket (or bat).
- Bb. they have learned to predict the flight of the ball by using advanced attentional cues.
- Cc. they have learned to use a narrow–external focus.
- Dd. they have learned to rapidly shift their attentional focus.
- Ee. they have learned to use a broad–external focus.
100According to Nideffer, effective attenders indicate that they can:
- Aa. deal well with a multitude of stimuli from both external and internal sources.
- Bb. effectively switch their attention from broad to narrow focus when necessary.
- Cc. attend to many stimuli (both internally and externally) while not becoming overloaded with too much information.
- Dd. a and c
- Ee. all of the above
101Why would you want to have a friend wave his arms around you while you are focusing on a basketball?
- Aa. to assist you in shifting your attention from the ball to the waving arms.
- Bb. to help you in your search for irrelevant cues.
- Cc. to force you to maintain concentration on the ball.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and c
102Telling yourself to focus probably is best defined as:
- Aa. establishing a routine to be used primarily during "down" times.
- Bb. a method to keep attention focused through the use of eye control.
- Cc. a cue word for bringing you back into a present focus.
- Dd. an exercise that enables you to practice shifting attentional focus.
- Ee. the opposite of "stop!" as an attention-focusing tool.
103Ironic processes in sport refers to:
- Aa ironically performing movement.
- Bb. the idea that trying not to perform an action can trigger its occurrence accidentally.
- Cc. doing something an athlete is not trained to do.
- Dd. performing well even with little experience.
- Ee. none of the above
104To improve concentration, an athlete should:
- Aa. practice without distractions present
- Bb. establish routines
- Cc. practice eye control
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. b and c
105Which of the following is (are) a major process involved in explaining the attention–performance relationship?
- Aa. attentional selectivity
- Bb. attentional capacity
- Cc. attentional alertness
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and b
106The concept of attentional alertness operates under the assumption that arousal:
- Aa. narrows attention
- Bb. broadens attention
- Cc. enhances attention
- Dd. disrupts attention
- Ee. none of the above
107Which of the following is (are) principles of effective concentration?
- Aa. A focused state of mind requires intentional mental effort.
- Bb. Athletes can consciously focus on more than one thought at a time.
- Cc. During peak performance there is no difference between an athlete’s thoughts and actions.
- Dd. a and c
- Ee. b and c
108One's confidence can change as the situation changes. This is known as:
- Aa. trait self-confidence.
- Bb. state self-confidence.
- Cc. situational self-confidence.
- Dd. cognitive self-confidence.
- Ee. naturally occurring self-confidence.
109Sport self-confidence is currently viewed as:
- Aa. a trait variable.
- Bb. a state variable.
- Cc. statelike or traitlike depending on the situation.
- Dd. an affective variable.
- Ee. a cognitive variable.
110Confidence is seen as multidimensional, consisting of confidence in:
- Aa. one's ability to execute physical skills.
- Bb. one's level of fitness.
- Cc. one's psychological skills.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and c
111Coaches often form expectations of athletes based on:
- Aa. performance information and media reports.
- Bb. performance information and person cues.
- Cc. person cues and media reports.
- Dd. scouting and media reports.
- Ee. person cues and scouting reports.
112Which of the following is (are) true?
- Aa. Coaches spend more time with high-expectancy athletes.
- Bb. Coaches show more positive affect to high-expectancy athletes.
- Cc. Coaches spend more time with low-expectancy athletes.
- Dd. a and b
- Ee. b and c
113Which of the following is (are) FALSE?
- Aa. Coaches give high-expectancy athletes more instructional feedback.
- Bb. Coaches provide more praise to high-expectancy athletes.
- Cc. Coaches provide more beneficial feedback to low-expectancy athletes.
- Dd. a and b
- Ee. b and c
114Which of the following is (are) true?
- Aa. Low-expectancy athletes exhibit lower performances due to less effective reinforcement and playing time.
- Bb. Low-expectancy athletes attribute their failures to lack of effort.
- Cc. Low-expectancy athletes attribute their failures to lack of ability.
- Dd. a and c
- Ee. a and b
115Self-efficacy theory was originated by:
- Aa. Charley Hardy
- Bb. Tara Scanlan
- Cc. Albert Bandura
- Dd. Larry Brawley
- Ee. Joseph Wolpe
116Confidence is usually defined by sport psychologists as the:
- Aa. belief that you can successfully perform a desired behavior.
- Bb. inner self.
- Cc. equivalent of self-esteem.
- Dd. belief that you can do anything you desire if you set your mind to it.
- Ee. none of the above
117Self-efficacy has been used interchangeably with:
- Aa. self-esteem.
- Bb. self-confidence.
- Cc. self-motivation.
- Dd. self-concept.
- Ee. self-fulfilling prophecy.
118If you want to avoid breaking down an individual's self-confidence:
- Aa. don't criticize people for inconsequential errors.
- Bb. don't criticize the behavior; criticize the person.
- Cc. don't use sarcasm to motivate people.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and c
119Collective efficacy refers to:
- Aa. each individual's perception of the efficacy of the team as a whole.
- Bb. the aggregate of each individual's own self-efficacy.
- Cc. the coach's view of the efficacy of the team as a whole.
- Dd. the belief that the team can win the championship.
- Ee. none of the above
120The relationship between confidence and performance is:
- Aa. positive linear.
- Bb. negative linear.
- Cc. curvilinear.
- Dd. negatively accelerated.
- Ee. positively accelerated.
121The strongest and most dependable information on which to base self-efficacy judgments comes from:
- Aa. vicarious experiences.
- Bb. performance accomplishments.
- Cc. emotional states.
- Dd. verbal persuasion.
- Ee. physiological states.
122Which of the following points about self-efficacy theory is (are) true?
- Aa. Self-efficacy affects effort expenditure and persistence.
- Bb. Self-efficacy plus ability are enough for success.
- Cc. Self-efficacy is task specific.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and c
Información
- Descripción
- - Applied Sports Psychology Test sobre Applied Sports Psychology Exam 1, creado por Nicole Piatchek el 06/02/2017.
- Autor
- Nicole Piatchek
- Idioma
- English
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