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PHIL 2033 MidTerm Homework Study Guide
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Preguntas del test (65)
1A deductive argument is one in which it is claimed that the conclusion follows probably from the premises.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
2A single counterexample to a deductive argument is enough to show that an argument is invalid.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
3A statement is a sentence that is either true or false.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
4A strong inductive argument is an argument such that if the premises are assumed to be true, then the conclusion is probably true.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
5A valid argument is automatically a sound argument.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
6A valid deductive argument is one where, assuming the premises are true, it is impossible for the conclusion to be false.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
7An argument is any group of statements.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
8A weak inductive argument is an argument such that if the premises are assumed to be true, then the conclusion is not probably true.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
9An argument must have at least two premises.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
10An inductive argument is one in which it is claimed that the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
11An invalid argument is automatically an unsound argument.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
12An invalid deductive argument is one where, assuming the premises are true, it is possible for the conclusion to be false.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
13Every statement is either true or false; these two possibilities are called truth values.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
14Instructions: Determine whether or not the following passages contain arguments.
It follows from the fact that she eats pork, chicken, beef, mutton, veal, venison, turkey, and fish that she must not be a vegetarian.- AArgument
- BNot an argument
15Instructions: Determine whether or not the following passages contain arguments.
I got at least a 95 on all my exams in this course. The syllabus says that anything over a 92 is an A. So, I expect to get an A for the course.- AArgument
- BNot an argument
16Instructions: Determine whether the following arguments are best classified as being deductive or inductive.
The exam's range of C scores is 70-79. I got a 98 on the exam. Therefore, I did not get a C on the exam.- ADeductive
- BInductive
17Is the following passage an argument or an explanation?
The judge agreed with her, but charged too high a bond, so the auction went on.- AArgument
- BExplanation
18Is the following passage an argument or an explanation?
The reason why Battlin' Jack has won eight fights in a row is not due to superior conditioning-he's still just as old and over the hill as he was before this streak began. Nor is it due to inferior opponents. The real cause is that the fights have been rigged. The mob controls the fights in this part of town.- AArgument
- BExplanation
19An argument is any group of statements.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
20A statement is a sentence that is either true or false.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
21An argument must have at least two premises.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
22Every statement is either true or false; these two possibilities are called truth values.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
23A single counterexample to a deductive argument is enough to show that an argument is invalid.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
24A strong inductive argument is an argument such that if the premises are assumed to be true, then the conclusion is probably true.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
25Instructions: Pick out the premises and conclusion for each of the following arguments.
Hamburgers are loaded with saturated fat and sodium. Pizza is loaded with saturated fat and sodium. Too much saturated fat and sodium is harmful to your heart. Jim takes in too much saturated fat and sodium. It follows Jim is harming his heart.
Hamburgers are loaded with saturated fat and sodium.- APremise
- BConclusion
26Instructions: Pick out the premises and conclusion for each of the following arguments.
Hamburgers are loaded with saturated fat and sodium. Pizza is loaded with saturated fat and sodium. Too much-saturated fat and sodium are harmful to your heart. Jim takes in too much saturated fat and sodium. It follows Jim is harming his heart.
Pizza is loaded with saturated fat and sodium.- APremise
- BConclusion
27Instructions: Pick out the premises and conclusion for each of the following arguments.
Building fuel-efficient cars help reduce gasoline consumption. Dependency on foreign oil for gasoline production is a drain on the economy. Offshore oil drilling is dangerous. Oil spills through faulty drilling are hazardous to life; so are large tanker spills. Carbon emissions are hurting the environment. We need to start building more fuel-efficient cars.
Large tanker spills are hazardous to life.- APremise
- BConclusion
28Aristotle's logic can be described as...
- ACategorical
- BPropositonal
- CSymbolic
- DFallacious
29According to Aristotle's theory of the categories, how many categories are there
- ATen: Substance and the nine accidents
- BTwo: Form and matter
- CSeven: because it is the perfect number
- DThree: mass, volume, and time
30According to Aristotle's theory of the syllogism, a syllogism must have a...
- AA broken middle term
- Bundistributed middle term
- Cdistributed middle term
- Dno middle term
31Aristotle's teacher was...
- AHeraclitus
- BParmenides
- CSocrates
- DPlato
32Aristotle's school was known as...
- AThe Lyceum
- BThe Perapatios
- CThe Syllogism
- DThe Academy
33What ancient Greek word is our word "logic" derived from?
- ALocos
- BJohannine
- CLogos
- DLogikon
34According to If A, then B, what is one of the things that differentiate logical truths from truths about objects?
- ALogical truths are based on physical truth: logic depends on our brains
- BLogical truths are independent of time and place
- CLogical truths are subjective, while physical truths are objective
- DLogical truths are not actually true, but physical ones are always true
35According to medieval logicians, what is the difference between physics and logic?
- APhysics is about reality, while logic is about the imagination
- BPhysics is about contingency, while logic is about possibility and necessity
- CPhysics is used to build things, logic is used to understand them
- DPhysics is based on new ideas, while logic is ancient
36What distinguishes Aristotle's approach to the study of arguments from that of classical Indian or Chinese philosophers?
- AAristotle was the only one to focus on validity apart from other parts of arguments
- BAristotle made the mistake of confusing soundness and validity; the others distinguish the two ideas
- CAristotle was the first to provide a metaphysical foundation for logic
- DAristotle was the first to come up with a quasi-mathematical notion for logic
37The UPPER LEFT-HAND corner of the square...
- AUniversal Affirmative
- BUniversal Negative
- CParticular Affirmative
- DParticular Negative
38The LOWER LEFT-HAND corner of the square...
- AUniversal Affirmative
- BParticular Affirmative
- CUniversal Negative
- DParticular Negative
39The UPPER RIGHT-HAND corner of the square...
- AUniversal Affirmative
- BParticular Affirmative
- CUniversal Negative
- DParticular Negative
40The LOWER RIGHT-HAND corner of the square...
- AUniversal Affirmative
- BUniversal Negative
- CParticular Affirmative
- DParticular Negative
41The following categorical proposition is to be analyzed in the following three ways: (1) the correct quantity (universal or particular); (2) the correct quality (affirmative or negative); (3) the correct distribution (subject term distributed; predicate term distributed; both terms distributed; or neither term distributed).
Choose the correct answer.
Some "Cats" are musicals on Broadway.- AUniversal affirmative; Subject term distributed; Predicate term undistributed.
- BParticular affirmative; Subject term undistributed; Predicate term undistributed.
- CUniversal affirmative; Subject term undistributed; Predicate term undistributed.
- DParticular affirmative; Subject term distributed; Predicate term distributed.
42The following categorical proposition is to be analyzed in the following three ways: (1) the correct quantity (universal or particular); (2) the correct quality (affirmative or negative); (3) the correct distribution (subject term distributed; predicate term distributed; both terms distributed; or neither term distributed).
Choose the correct answer.
No reputable companies are sexist companies.- AUniversal negative; Subject term distributed; Predicate term distributed.
- BParticular negative; Subject term distributed; Predicate term undistributed.
- CUniversal negative; Subject term undistributed; Predicate term distributed.
- DParticular affirmative; Subject term distributed; Predicate term distributed.
43The following categorical proposition is to be analyzed in the following three ways: (1) the correct quantity (universal or particular); (2) the correct quality (affirmative or negative); (3) the correct distribution (subject term distributed; predicate term distributed; both terms distributed; or neither term distributed).
Choose the correct answer.
No computers are conscious things.- AUniversal affirmative; Subject term distributed; Predicate term distributed.
- BUniversal negative; Subject term undistributed; Predicate term distributed.
- CUniversal negative; Subject term distributed; Predicate term distributed.
- DParticular negative; Subject term distributed; Predicate term distributed.
44The following passage has been analyzed according to the four criteria in section 10.B. All are correct except for one. Identify the analysis which is incorrect.
I am a junior at Lincoln Heights High School. My parents make me do all the housework, like taking out the trash (every night), laundry (every Monday), dishes, vacuuming, washing the car, and cleaning up the rooms. My kid brother, who is in fifth grade, doesn't have to do anything. But he eats the same food as me, has his own bedroom like me, and gets the same amount of allowance as me. If I have to do so much work, then he should, too.- ANumber of entities: The high school student and the fifth grader.
- BVariety of instances: Just two people are being compared.
- CNumber of characteristics: Taking out the trash, doing laundry, doing dishes, vacuuming, washing the car, cleaning up the rooms.
- DRelevancy: They seem relevant to the question of chores.
45The following passage has been analyzed according to the four criteria in section 10.B. All are correct except for one. Identify the analysis which is incorrect.
Fruit have many attributes that are good for your health. Fruit provides energy, roughage, sugars, citric acid, vitamins, and minerals. The new candy bar Chocolate Peanut Gooies provides energy, roughage, sugar, citric acid, vitamins, and minerals. How can it not be good for your health too?- ANumber of entities: Fruit and Chocolate Peanut Gooies.
- BVariety of instances: Only citrus and peanuts are specified in the comparison.
- CNumber of characteristics: Providing energy; roughage; sugars; citric acid; vitamins; minerals.
- DRelevancy: The characteristics listed are relevant to the issue of health.
46The following passage has been analyzed according to the four criteria in section 10.B. All are correct except for one. Identify the analysis which is incorrect.
Evidence indicates that adding fertilizer helps fruit trees and vegetable plants to grow better. Seaweed is a plant. Therefore, adding fertilizer should help seaweed grow better.- ANumber of entities: Fruit trees and seaweed.
- BVariety of instances: Some are grown on land and some in water.
- CNumber of characteristics: All are plants.
- DRelevancy: This characteristic is probably related to plant growth.
47Use your understanding of the traditional square of opposition to determine the correct answer: a. True, b. False, or c. Undetermined.
If it is true that "No humans are reptiles," then the proposition "Some humans are not reptiles" must be:- ATrue
- BFalse
- CUndetermined
48Use your understanding of the traditional square of opposition to determine the correct answer: a. True, b. False, or c. Undetermined.
If it is false that "All cats are mammals," then the proposition "Some cats are not mammals" must be:- ATrue
- BFalse
- CUndetermined
49Use your understanding of the traditional square of opposition to determine the correct answer: a. True, b. False, or c. Undetermined.
If it is true that "Some dogs are collies," then the proposition "Some dogs are not collies" must be:- ATrue
- BFalse
- CUndetermined
50Use your understanding of the traditional square of opposition to determine the correct answer: a. True, b. False, or c. Undetermined.
If it is false that "All jabberwockies are slithy toads," then the proposition "Some jabberwockies are slithy toads" must be:- ATrue
- BFalse
- CUndetermined
51Use your understanding of the traditional square of opposition to determine the correct answer: a. True, b. False, or c. Undetermined.
If it is true that "All banshees are screeching ghosts," then the proposition "No banshees are screeching ghosts" must be:- ATrue
- BFalse
- CUndetermined
52The first paid teachers in ancient Greece were known as...
- ASophists
- BPoets
- CPhilosophers
- DLogicians
53The ancient Greeks liked to study elenchos; eventually this led to two separate studies or disciplines. What are they?
- APhilosophy and Sophistry
- BEthics and Politics
- CLogic and Psychology
- DLogic and Rhetoric
54The four corners of the square of opposition are known as A, I, E and O. Who came up with these labels?
- AAristotle
- BThe Sophists
- CPlato
- DMedieval Logicians
55Is it possible to provide a pictorial representation of categorical syllogisms?
- ANo: they are invisible by nature
- BYes: One can use either Euler or Venn diagrams
- CNo: one must use either words or symbols
- DYes: one can use either truth tables or existential graphs
56If an A-Proposition is true, it logically follows that the corresponding O-proposition is...
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
57Which of the following is an example of a syllogism as studied by logicians in ancient India?
- A1) All Thebeans are liars
2) I am a Thebean
3) Therefore, I am lying
4) Therefore, I am not lying
5) Therefore, I am lying - B1) The car runs on gasoline
2) This is because it has an internal combustion engine
3) Wherever there is an internal combustion engine, gasoline is the fuel
4) And this car has an internal combustion engine
5) Therefore, the car must run on gasoline - C1) If I eat a fish, I will eat an animal
2) If I eat an animal, I will eat a living thing
3) I am a living thing
4) If I am a living thing, then I am like a fish
5) Therefore, if I eat a fish, I am a cannibal - D1) She is a woman
2) All women are mortal
3) Therefore, she is mortal
- A1) All Thebeans are liars
58As far as we can tell from the historical record, the first person to study logical form (i.e. why some arguments are valid and others are not) was...
- AParmenides
- BAristotle
- CGorgias
- DSocrates
- EPlato
- FMo Tzu
59Is the following syllogism valid?
1) Some horses are brave
2) Bucephalus is a horse
3) Therefore, Bucaphalus is brave- AInvalid
- BValid
60Is the following syllogism valid?
1) All residents of Halifax are residence of Nova Scotia
2) Some residents of Nova Scotia speak Scots Gaelic
3) Therefore, all residents of Halifax speak Scots Gaelic- AInvalid
- BValid
61Is the following syllogism valid?
1) No student is a caveman
2) No caveman is a truck driver
3) Therefore, no student is a truck driver- AValid
- BInvalid
62What is the subaltern of the following statement:
All happy people are thankful people- ASome thankful people are happy people
- BNo thankful people are happy people
- CSome people are happy and thankful
- DSome happy people are thankful people
63What is the obverse of the following statement:
All vertebrates are animals- ANo vertebrates are non-animals
- BSome animals are non-vertebrates
- CNo animals are non-vertebrates
- DNo non-animals are vertebrates
64What is the contraposition of the following statement:
Some mammals have fins- AAll non-fins are non-mammals
- BNo mammals are finned
- CNo non-fins are mammals
- DSome non-fins are non-mammals
65Is the following argument, what is the middle term?
1) Some philosophers are professors
2) Some professors teach mathematics
3) Therefore, some philosophers teach mathematics- A"professors" is the middle term, and it is distributed
- B"mathematics" is the middle term, and it is distributed
- C"professors" is the middle term, but it is not distributed
- D"philosophers is the middle term, and it is distributed
- E"mathematics" is the middle term, and it is not distributed
- F"philosophers" is the middle term, and it is not distributed
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- Philosophy Test sobre PHIL 2033 MidTerm Homework Study Guide, creado por Timothy Nguyen el 20/02/2018.
- Autor
- Timothy Nguyen
- Idioma
- English
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