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CHAPTER 6 NEW
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Preguntas del test (97)
1A change in behavior or belief to accord with others is called
- Aobedience
- Bacceptance
- Cconformity
- Dcompliance
2Even though you really dislike wearing a dress, you decide to wear one to your cousin's wedding. This is an example of
- Aobedience
- Bacceptance
- Cconformity
- Dcompliance
3In Western individualistic societies, the word "conformity" carries
- AZ
- Ba negative value judgment
- Ca neutral value judgment
- Dboth positive and negative value judgments
4Conformity that involves publicly acting in accord with an implied or explicit request, while privately disagreeing is called
- Aobedience
- Bacceptance
- Cconformity
- Dcompliance
5When our behavior is a result of our boss telling us to do something, it is a form of
- Aobedience
- Bacceptance
- Cconformity
- Dcompliance
6If you clean your room only because your parents order you to, your behavior is a form of
- Aobedience
- Bacceptance
- Cconformity
- Dcompliance
7Acting in accord with a direct order is called
- Aobedience
- Bacceptance
- Cconformity
- Dcompliance
8After hearing a great deal about the benefits of soy products from your friends, you decide to drink soy milk instead of cow's milk. Your behavior is an example of
- Aobedience
- Bacceptance
- Cconformity
- Dcompliance
9Conformity that involves both acting and believing in accord with social pressure is called
- Aobedience
- Bacceptance
- Cconformity
- Dcompliance
10_______ sometimes follows compliance
- AObedience
- BAcceptance
- CConformity
- DReactance
11After hearing so much about the dangers of smoking cigarettes from the media and seeing numbers of people quit the habit, Jacob finally realizes that smoking is dangerous and therefore he quits. His behavior is an example of
- Aobedience
- Bacceptance
- Cconformity
- Dcompliance
12A classmate across the room yawns and then several other students yawn, this is an example of
- Ainformational influence
- Bpsychological reactance
- Cgroup cohesion
- Dsocial contagion
13In his classic study of _______, Sherif had participants in groups call out estimates of the distance a small point of light appeared to move in a dark room
- Aobedience
- Bgroup cohesiveness
- Cnorm formation
- Dpsychological reactance
14Studies involving _______ most clearly demonstrate how social influence can take the form of acceptance
- Athe judgments of the length of lines
- Bthe judgments of the autokinetic phenomenon
- Cthe shocking of innocent victims
- Dpersonality factors
15Milgram's studies explored _______; Asch's studies explored _______
- Aobedience; conformity
- Bconformity; norm formation
- Cobedience; norm formation
- Dconformity; obedience
16Several restaurant managers complied with orders from a telephone caller, posing as a police officer, to strip search a customer or employee. This is an example of the power of _______ on compliance
- Agroup influence
- Bpersonality factors
- Cthe closeness of the authority
- Dthe legitimacy of authority
17The copycat suicide phenomenon is most likely to occur
- Ain older adults
- Btwo to three months later
- Cin places where the suicide story is publicized
- Dduring the winter
18A year after his original study, Sherif's participants were retested alone and gave answers that supported the original group's norm. This suggests that the process involved was really
- Areactance
- Bcompliance
- Cobedience
- Dacceptance
19In the spring of 1954, Seattle residents were alarmed by widespread reports of damage by a mysterious windshield-pitting agent. According to the text, the true cause of public concern was most likely
- Afallout from recent Pacific testing of the H-bomb
- Bmass suggestibility
- Cpsychological reactance
- Dthe autokinetic phenomenon
20Chartrand and Bargh (1999) found that participants in an experiment who worked alongside another person who occasionally rubbed her face were unwittingly more likely to rub their face. They called this
- Athe chameleon effect
- Bmood linkage
- Ccompliance
- Dautomatic processing
21The spread of bodily complaints within a school or workplace with no organic basis for the symptoms is called
- Amass influence
- Bsocial influence
- Cmass delusion
- Dmass hysteria
22Sherif is to the study of _______ as Asch is to the study of _______
- Aconformity; compliance
- Bcompliance; conformity
- Cnorm formation; obedience
- Dnorm formation; conformity
23How did Asch's studies of conformity differ from those of Sherif?
- AAsch's participants faced a more ambiguous task
- BSherif's participants were dealing with facts rather than opinions
- CAsch's participants could clearly see the correct judgment
- DSherif's participants were in the physical presence of the pressuring group while Asch's participants were not
24While control participants were correct about line-length judgments more than 99% of the time in Asch's conformity study, his naive participants conformed to the incorrect judgments of others ___ % of the time
- A12
- B37
- C65
- D87
25According to the text, Asch's experiments lacked _______ but did possess _______
- Aexperimental realism; mundane realism
- Bmundane realism; experimental realism
- Cvalidity; reliability
- Dreliability; validity
26Asch's conformity experiments showed that most people
- Ago along with others' decisions
- Bconform even when wrong
- Ctell the truth even when others do not
- Dbecome confused when confronted
27The results of both the Sherif and Asch studies are startling because their studies did not employ any
- Ajudgments about ambiguous stimuli
- Bgroups larger than four persons
- Cexperimental realism
- Dopen, obvious pressure to conform
28The most famous and controversial experiments in social psychology were conducted by
- ASherif
- BMilgram
- CAsch
- DWatson
29The experimenter in Milgram's study used all EXCEPT which of the following verbal prods to encourage participants to continue?
- A"It is absolutely essential that you continue."
- B"You will be penalized if you refuse to go on."
- C"You have no other choice, you must go on."
- D"The experiment requires that you continue."
30When participants in Milgram's experiments wanted to quit, they were given
- Ashocks to keep them going
- Bmoney as an incentive to keep going
- Cup to four verbal prods to keep them going
- Da reward for being one of the few to disobey
31When Milgram asked 100 psychiatrists, college students, and middle-class adults to predict the results of his experiment, the respondents said that they thought _______ would _______
- Athey themselves; never begin to administer the shocks
- Bthey themselves; disobey by about 135 volts
- Cother people; disobey by about 210 volts
- Dother people; would go all the way to 450 volts
32When Milgram conducted his first series of experiments with a sample of 20- to 50-year-old men, he found that over 60 percent of them
- Arefused to deliver shocks beyond 150 volts
- Brefused to deliver shocks past the 300-volt level
- Cwent clear to 450 volts
- Dasked to be released from the experiment by 135 volts
33In follow-up experiments to his initial study, Milgram made the learner's protests more compelling by having him complain of a heart condition, then scream and plead for release, and finally refuse to answer. With this added condition,
- Athe majority of participants still fully obeyed the experimenter's demands
- Bteachers were more reluctant to deliver initial shocks
- Clearners became more real and personal to the teacher
- Dfewer participants went to 450 volts
34A psychiatrist who interviewed 40 of Milgram's participants a year after their participation concluded that
- Anone had been harmed
- Bmany were suspicious of all authorities
- Ca minority of them had lowered self-esteem
- Dmost regretted having served in Milgram's study
35In light of the Milgram studies, which of the following is NOT one of the factors that determined obedience?
- Athe victim's emotional distance
- Bthe victim's physical distance
- Cthe authority's closeness and legitimacy
- Dwhether or not the authority was institutionalized
36In a variation of the Milgram study, the learner was in the same room as the teacher. Under these conditions, ___ % obeyed to 450 volts
- A100
- B80
- C40
- D20
37In a variation of the Milgram study, teachers were required to force the learner's hand into contact with a shock plate. Under these conditions, ___ % obeyed
- A100
- B70
- C30
- D15
38Consistent with what is known about depersonalization, Lydon and Dunkel-Schetter (1994) found that expectant women expressed more _______ to their pregnancies after seeing an ultrasound photo of the fetus
- Aapathy
- Bresentment
- Ccommitment
- Dhostility
39In Milgram's research, when the experimenter gave the commands by telephone instead of in person, full obedience
- Adropped to zero
- Bdropped to 21 percent
- Cdropped to 50 percent
- Dincreased to 73 percent
40In one variation of his original experiment, Milgram arranged for a confederate "clerk" (posing as a fellow participant) to assume command in the experimenter's absence. As a result of this manipulation,
- Amost teachers agreed to comply with the orders of their fellow group member
- Bthe teachers competed with him and with each other for the role of leader
- Cparticipants became more positive about their roles in this cohesive group, and some even became enthusiastic
- D80% of the teachers refused to comply fully
41In a study by Hofling and his colleagues (1966), 22 hospital nurses were telephoned by an unknown physician and ordered to administer an obvious drug overdose. Results showed that
- Amost would not act on the order unless the caller named a familiar physician as a reference
- Bmost nurses refused to comply unless given the order in writing
- Cless experienced nurses complied but more experienced ones challenged the order
- Dall but one proceeded to comply without delay
42When Milgram's experimental series was reenacted in Bridgeport, Connecticut, far from the prestige and authority of Yale University, the proportion of participants who fully complied with orders to shock the learner _______ compared to the Yale rate
- Aremained unchanged
- Bdecreased
- Cincreased slightly
- Dincreased significantly
43A fad such as tattoos are an example of
- Anorm formation
- Bconformity
- Cobedience
- Dreactance
44Interpreting events differently after hearing from others is what social psychologists call
- Anorm formation
- Bconformity
- Cobedience
- Dreactance
45Doing as others do is what social psychologists call
- Anorm formation
- Bconformity
- Cobedience
- Dreactance
46_______ occurs when soldiers or employees follow questionable orders, such as when nurses willingly follow a physician's order to give a patient a dangerously high dosage of medication
- ANorm formation
- BConformity
- CObedience
- DAcceptance
47You decide to pierce your tongue after all your friends have. This is an example of
- Anorm formation
- Bconformity
- Cobedience
- Dreactance
48Although you did not like it when you first saw it alone, you go to the same movie with a friend for a second time. After she raves about it, you decide that it wasn't so bad after all. Your interpreting events differently after hearing your friend's opinion is called
- Anorm formation
- Bconformity
- Cobedience
- Dreactance
49As an example of the liberating effects of group influence, ___ % of the participants in a variation of Milgram's study conformed to the confederate's behavior when the confederates defied the experimenter
- A90
- B45
- C20
- D10
50During the 1970s, the military junta in power in Greece initially selected candidates for officers based on their submission to authority. The candidates were first asked to guard prisoners, then to observe torture, and then to eventually practice torture. This process demonstrates how _______ can breed _______
- Aobedience; conformity
- Bconformity; obedience
- Ccompliance; acceptance
- Dacceptance; compliance
51Normative influence leads to compliance, especially for those
- Ain ambiguous situations
- Bwho are comfortable in their roles
- Cwho are seeking to climb a status ladder
- Dwho are in positions of authority
52A concern for _______ produces normative influence, while a concern for _______ produces informational influence
- Asocial image; being correct
- Bbeing correct; social image
- Cbeing correct; gaining status
- Dsocial roles; authority figures
53If we were to conclude that Milgram's obedient participants were particularly hostile and aggressive people, we would be
- Amaking a correct inference
- Bcommitting the fundamental attribution error
- Cignoring the power of behavior to shape attitudes
- Dignoring the strength of positive internal dispositions
54Research on group size and conformity has shown that
- Aas group size increases, conformity decreases
- Bas group size increases, conformity increases
- Cgroup size influences conformity in teenagers but not in adults
- Dthe conformity of females is more significantly influenced by group size than is the conformity of males
55According to conformity research, a group's social power is deflated when it loses its
- Aagenda
- Banonymity
- Cunanimity
- Dheterogeneity
56The extent to which members of a group are bound together, such as by attraction for one another, is called
- Aconformity
- Bcohesion
- Ccompliance
- Dunanimity
57The relationship between the degree to which a group is cohesive and the degree to which the group has power over its members is a _______ one
- Apositive
- Bnegative
- Cneutral
- Dcurvilinear
58Group members who feel attracted to the group are more responsive to its influence. This fact illustrates the impact of _______ on conformity
- Aunanimity
- Bstatus
- Ccohesiveness
- Dco-morbidity
59Mullen and her colleagues (1990) found that the average baseline jaywalking rate _______ in the presence of a non-jaywalking confederate
- Aincreases
- Bdecreases
- Cstays the same
- Dincreases, then gradually decreases
60Mullen and her colleagues (1990) found that the average baseline jaywalking rate decreases in the presence of a non-jaywalking confederate, especially if the non-jaywalker is well dressed. This is an example of the power of _______ on conformity
- Aunanimity
- Bstatus
- Ccohesiveness
- Dco-morbidity
61In experiments, people have been found to conform more when they must _______ than when they must _______
- Arespond publicly; write down their responses in private
- Bcommit themselves in writing; announce their responses in public
- Cthink before acting; react spontaneously
- Dexplain their responses; keep silent
62After President Bush announced his position regarding a possible war with Iraq, he was unlikely to change his mind. This most likely reflects the
- Awe-they polarity between the political parties
- Bfact that public commitment reduces susceptibility to social influence
- Cfact that the high status of the office elicits a need for uniqueness
- Dfact that higher-status people are more susceptible to psychological reactance
63In calling sports decisions, umpires and referees rarely change their decisions as a result of a player's objection. This may be an example of how
- Astatus produces psychological reactance
- Ba we-they feeling has evolved between professional sports players and officials
- Cthe umpire or referee seeks to maintain emotional distance from players
- Dpublic commitment reduces susceptibility to social influence
64Bearman and Brueckner (2001) found that teens who made a public virginity-until-marriage pledge became _______ likely to remain sexually abstinent than similar teens who do not make the pledge
- Asomewhat less
- Bsomewhat more
- Cextremely less
- Dextremely more
65Bearman and Brueckner (2001) found that teens who made a public virginity-until-marriage pledge became somewhat more likely to remain sexually abstinent than similar teens who do not make the pledge. This is an example of how
- Astatus produces psychological reactance
- Ba we-they feeling has evolved between professional sports players and officials
- Cthe teen seeks to maintain emotional distance from would-be sexual partners
- Dpublic commitment reduces susceptibility to social influence
66Conformity based on a person's desire to fulfill others' expectations, often to gain their acceptance, is called
- Acompliance
- Bacceptance
- Cnormative influence
- Dinformational influence
67Conformity that occurs when people accept evidence about reality that is provided by other people is called
- Acompliance
- Bacceptance
- Cnormative influence
- Dinformational influence
68When we go along with the crowd and act counter to our own beliefs and values, we are conforming because of
- Acompliance
- Bacceptance
- Cnormative influence
- Dinformational influence
69Although he made a promise to himself to not take illegal drugs, Tom gave into peer pressure at a party to smoke marijuana because he did not want to be rejected by the others. Tom's conformity is a result of
- Acompliance
- Bacceptance
- Cnormative influence
- Dinformational influence
70Conformity is greater when people respond publicly before a group. This pattern reflects
- Acompliance
- Bacceptance
- Cnormative influence
- Dinformational influence
71Conformity is greater when people feel incompetent. This pattern reflects
- Acompliance
- Bacceptance
- Cnormative influence
- Dinformational influence
72Which of the following is NOT an example of informational influence?
- Awhen participants feel incompetent
- Bwhen the task is difficult
- Cwhen subjects are bilingual
- Dwhen people care about being right
73According to the text, personality predicts behavior when social influences are
- Aobvious
- Bcovert
- Cstrong
- Dweak
74The degree to which personality predicts our behavior is _______ related to the degree to which social influences predict our behavior
- Apositively
- Bnegatively
- Csomewhat
- Dnot at all
75Researchers have explored several areas in search of the factors affecting conformity. Which of the following is one of those areas?
- Areligion
- Bpersonality
- Csexual orientation
- Drace
76When the influence of the situation is _______, the consequent behavior is more likely to be a result of _______
- Aweak; individual personalities
- Bweak; external circumstances
- Cstrong; internal forces
- Dstrong; dispositions
77Which of the following statements about cross-cultural research on conformity is true?
- AFindings using the Asch procedure have found similar conformity rates in most countries, except among the Bantu of Zimbabwe, a tribe with strong sanctions against nonconformity
- BWhen Milgram compared the conformity of French and Norwegian students, the French consistently conformed more
- CRecent conformity studies in Britain, Canada, and the United States have indicated much more conformity than was observed two or three decades ago
- DConformity rates vary widely among European countries
78Which of the following statements is TRUE of conformity and obedience?
- AThey are primarily collectivistic phenomena
- BThey are primarily individualistic phenomena
- CThey are universal phenomena that vary by culture
- DThey are universal phenomena that are uninfluenced by culture
79Compared to people in individualistic countries, those in collectivist countries are
- Amore likely to express psychological reactance
- Bmore responsive to others' influence
- Cmore susceptible to the fundamental attribution error
- Dmore likely to be independent
80Compared to Euro-American cultures, Asian cultures are more likely to teach their children
- Aindependence
- Bcollectivism
- Cto follow their own conscience
- D. to respect another's privacy
81. A social role is
- Aa cluster of norms
- Bseparate from culture
- Ca weak influence on conformity
- D. a role that feels awkward
82When Regina returned to the U.S. after two years in Madagascar, she felt uncomfortable and out of place. She was experiencing
- Anormative social influence
- Breentry distress
- Cpsychological reactance
- Danti-conformity
83High school students Aisha and Jared have been dating each other casually. When Aisha parents tell her to stop seeing Jared and ask her to go out with "nicer boys," Aisha announces that she and Jared are actually "in love" and have decided to go steady. Aisha's behavior most likely illustrates the effects of
- Athe false uniqueness effect
- Bthe fundamental attribution error
- Cthe self-serving bias
- Dpsychological reactance
84Knowing that someone is trying to coerce you may prompt you to do the opposite of that person's wishes. This response is predicted by
- Athe reactance theory
- Bthe theory of normative social influence
- CMilgram's theory of obedience
- Dthe social norms theory
85The high rate of underage drinking may be related to
- Asocial roles
- Bpsychological reactance
- Ca drive for uniqueness
- Dinformational influences
86The names we choose for our children often express our
- Asocial roles
- Bdesire for uniqueness
- Cself concept
- Dreaction formation
87Ahmed generally likes to go home to visit his family during vacation. However, after his father tells him that he must be home during spring vacation, Ahmed decides to remain at college. Ahmed's behavior is best understood in terms of
- Areaction formation
- Bregression
- Cpsychological reactance
- Dself-serving bias
88Research in both the United States and Canada revealed that the percentage of those who reported having been drunk in the last year was _______ for those over the legal drinking age than for those under the legal drinking age
- Aslightly higher
- Blower
- Cthe same
- Dsignificantly higher
89Research in both the United States and Canada revealed that the percentage of those who reported having been drunk in the last year was lower for those over the legal drinking age than for those under the legal drinking age. This exemplifies which of the following concepts?
- Areaction formation
- Bregression
- Cpsychological reactance
- Dthe self-serving bias
90the self-serving bias
- Ablack
- Bfemale
- Ca lawyer
- Din a group
91The motive to protect or restore one's sense of freedom is known as
- Arebellion
- Bdisobedience
- Cresistance
- Dreactance
92The psychological reactance theory may help explain why
- Adrinking on campus is heavier for underage drinkers than for legal-age drinkers.
- Ba toddler, ignoring a toy, protests and demands the toy back when a playmate begins to play with it
- Cthe demand for and value placed on an object is greater when the object is perceived to be rare or hard to get
- DAll of the choices are correct
93In a study by Snyder (1980), students who were told that their personal attitudes were nearly identical to those of 10,000 other students _______ when they participated in a conformity experiment
- Awere judged most attractive by their fellow participants
- Bwere more willing to obey the experimenter's request to make a public commitment to a popular cause
- Ctook on additional attitudes as well as the mannerisms of the majority
- Dasserted their individuality by being nonconformist
94A study conducted by Snyder and Fromkin (1980) revealed that people feel better when they see themselves as
- Avery unique
- Bmoderately unique
- Cnot at all unique
- Dcollectivistic
95When William McGuire and his Yale University colleagues invited children to "tell us about yourself," they found that the children were most likely to mention their gender
- Agender
- Bnationality
- Cdistinctive attributes
- Dmost common personal characteristics
96Rivalry between groups is often most intense when the groups
- Aclosely resemble each other
- Bshare a common goal
- Care very different
- Dare of different ethnic groups
97According to Myers, an unchallenged assumption in individualistic Western nations is that _______ is good and _______ is bad
- Auniqueness; similarity
- Bsimilarity; uniqueness
- Cindividualism; conformity
- Dconformity; individualism
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre CHAPTER 6 NEW, creado por J P el 20/02/2018.
- Autor
- J P
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
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