Test
Common Dermatological Problems
Preguntas del test (75)
1What is atopic eczema?
- AAn inflammatory process affecting the skin
- BLoss of melanocytes from the stratum basale
- CThinning of the epidermis
2Atopic eczema is not the most common form of eczema.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
3What percentage of the population does eczema affect?
- A5%
- B15%
- C35%
- D60%
4What is the most common age of onset of atopic eczema?
- AChildhood
- BMiddle age
- CAged 60+
5What conditions are often associated with atopic eczema?
- AHayfever
- BAsthma
- CIBS
- DMeningitis
6Histologically, which layer of skin thickens in the chronic stage of eczema?
- AEpidermis
- BDermis
- CSubcutis
7In which stage of eczema is the skin likely to be weepy?
- AAcute
- BChronic
8The vesicles that are present during the acute stage of atopic eczema are found....
- Aintraepidermally
- Bintradermally
- Cbetween the epidermis and dermis
9Where does infantile atopic eczema usually first present?
- ACheeks
- BNappy area
- CFlexures (e.g. crook of elbow)
- DExtensor surfaces (e.g. back of elbow)
10What area of the body does infantile atopic eczema usually spare?
- AFace
- BNappy area
- CHands and feet
- DTorso
11Where does eczema tend to localize to in school-age children?
- AFlexures
- BExtensor surfaces
- CHand and feet
- DBetween the digits
12What is lichenification?
- AThick, leathery skin due to extensive scratching or rubbing of the area
- BThin, papery skin due to the skin drying out
- CThickening of the skin due to the skin drying out
- DSkin that has lost its pigment due to excess scratching or rubbing
13Which of the following are common triggers for atopic eczema?
- ACleaning products
- BDust mites
- CAnimal fur
- DPollens
- ESalt water
14What can be used to break the itch-scratch cycle commonly seen in eczema?
- AMittens or gloves
- BSteroids
- CAntihistamines
- DOral antibiotics
15How times a day are emollients usually prescribed for a person with eczema?
- AOnce a day
- BTwice a day
- CThree times a day
- DAs required
16How can using soap substitutes help in the treatment of eczema?
- AReduce irritation
- BMoisturize the skin
- CPrevent bacteria from entering the affected areas
17How should steroids be used in the treatment of eczema?
- AIntermittently to control flare ups, but not on more the 7 days in a month
- BConstantly
- CAs required, but not for more than a month at a time
18What treatments can a dermatologist offer for eczema that a GP cannot?
- ATopical steroids
- BSystemic treatments
- CUV light therapy
- DCalcineurin inhibitors
- EOral antibiotics
19What are calcineurin inhibitors?
- AImmunomodulating drugs that block calcineurin receptors
- BImmunomodulating drugs that prevent the production of calcineurin
- CImmunomodulating drugs that decrease the effects of calcineurin by binding to it and changing its shape
20What does calcineurin do?
- AActivates inflammation within the skin
- BCauses immune cells within the skin to proliferate
- CAggravates the skin causing inflammation
21Steroids can cause stretch marks or striae on the skin.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
22What is the most common bacterial infection that accompanies eczema?
- AStaphylococcal infection
- BE. Coli infection
- CStreptococcal infection
23What is the most common viral co-infection that accompanies eczema?
- AHerpes infection
- BRhotavirus infection
- CCoronovirus infection
24When is hyper- or hypo- pigmentation most likely to occur in eczema?
- AFollowing treatment with steroids
- BAfter an acute phase
- CAfter scarring has healed
25Eczema does not cause scarring. True or false?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
26Where does psoriasis most often occur on the body?
- AFlexor surfaces
- BExtensor surfaces
- CTorso
- DExtremities
27Which of these descriptions most accurately describes psoriasis?
- AWell-defined, inflamed plaques which appear white and scaly
- BPoor-defined, inflamed plaques which appear white and scaly
- CWell-defined, inflamed plaques which appear golden and crusty
- DPoorly-defined, inflamed plaques which appear golden and crusty
28What percentage of the population is affected by psoriasis?
- A0.1-0.5%
- B1-2%
- C5-7%
- D10-15%
29What is the peak age of onset for psoriasis?
- A15 years old
- B28 years old
- C40 years old
- D67 years old
30Psoriasis only affects women. True or false?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
31Psoriasis usually affects extensor surfaces, but where else can it commonly affect?
- ASacrum
- BScalp
- CEars
- DPalms of the hands and soles of the feet
- ECheeks
- FLips
- GAxillary region
32The distribution of psoriasis is usually symmetrical. True or false?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
33Histologically, what occurs in psoriasis?
- ADisordered maturation of keratinocytes
- BIncreased epidermal transit time of keratinocytes
- CThickening of the epidermis
- DHyperplasia of keratinocytes in the stratum corneum
- EBenign proliferation of Langerhan cells within the epidermis
34How does coal tar help to treat psoriasis?
- ASlows the growth of keratinocytes
- BRestores the skins appearance
- CReduces the irritation of the skin
- DThins the epidermis
- ESlows hair growth
35Why is coal tar not well tolerated?
- AIt can make the skin red and itchy
- BIt can stain clothes, bedding and light-coloured hair
- CIt causes hair loss
- DNot very much improvement is seen after short-term use
36How is salicylic acid useful in treating psoriasis?
- AIt softens the plaques and helps lift them off the skin to reveal normal skin underneath
- BIt reduces blood pressure which helps to prevent psoriasis flare-ups
- CIt moisturizes the skin
37What is the mechanism of action of vitamin D analogues used in the treatment of psoriasis?
- AReduces proliferation of keratinocytes and stimulates epidermal cell differentiation
- BReduces proliferation of melanocytes and stimulated epidermal cell differentiation
- CIncreases proliferation of keratinocytes and stimulates epidermal cell differentiation
- DReduces proliferation of keratinocytes and reduces epidermal cell differentiation
38What treatments can dermatologists offer for psoriasis that GPs cannot?
- ATopical steroids
- BUV phototherapy
- CSystemic medications
- DMonoclonal antibodies
- EEmollients
- FCoal tar
39Which wavelength of UV light is used in UV phototherapy?
- AUV A
- BUV B
- CUV C
40Why are oral retinoids given before a course of UV phototherapy?
- ATo enhance the effects of the UV phototherapy
- BTo sedate the patient
- CTo ensure the patient does not experience and nausea or vomiting
- DTo reduce the risk of DNA damage to skin cells
41What is the course of treatment for UV phototherapy?
- A2-3 times per week for 3-4 months
- BAs required
- C6 times per week for a month
- DOnce per week for one year
42What is the cause of acne vulgaris?
- AOver-activity of pilo-sebaceous glands
- BOver-activity of apocrine sweat glands
- COver-activity of eccrine sweat glands
- DUnder-activity of pilo-sebaceous glands
43What causes the over stimulation of the sebaceous glands?
- AHormonal stimulation
- BDiet
- CSympathetic nervous stimulation
- DParasympathetic nervous stimulation
44How does the over stimulation of the sebaceous glands then lead to acne?
- AThe hair follicles become "plugged" with secretions
- BInflammation occurs within the hair follicles
- CHair growth is too fast due to increased sebum leading to the follicle becoming blocked
45Where on the body is acne most common?
- AFace
- BUpper chest and back
- CHands
- DScalp
46Why is acne most common on the face, upper chest and upper back?
- ABecause the highest population of sebaceous glands is found here
- BBecause these areas are often exposed
- CBecause these areas are most often touched with dirty hands
47How many grades of severity are there for acne vulgaris?
- A3
- B4
- C6
- D7
48What do topical retinoids do?
- ADry skin out
- BMoisturize the skin
- CPrevent stimulation of sebaceous glands
- DReduce the viscosity of sebum
49How should systemic retinoids not be given to?
- APregnant women
- BAnyone under the age of 12
- CAnyone taking oral antibiotics
50How is the oral contraceptive pill useful in treating acne?
- AIt controls the hormones to prevent over stimulation
- BIt makes sebum less viscous preventing "plugging" of the hair follicles
- CIt makes hair follicles larger so that they become "plugged" less easily
- DIt is used in women and girls to give a placebo effect
51Both oral and topical antibiotics can be used to treat acne vulgaris. True or false?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
52What type of infection is impetigo?
- ABacterial
- BViral
- CFungal
53Which bacteria are most commonly responsible for impetigo?
- AStaphylococcus aureus
- BStaphylococcus pyogenes
- CE. coli
- DAll Streptococcal bacteria
54What feature is very characteristic of impetigo?
- AGolden-yellow crust
- BSevere inflammation
- CPurple-ish flecks within the rash
55What two treatments are most commonly used to treat impetigo?
- AFucidin cream
- BOral flucloxadin
- CTopical penicillin
- DEmollients
- EMethotrexate
- FTopical dexamethasone
56What virus usually causes viral warts?
- AHuman papilloma virus
- BRhotar virus
- CAstrovirus
- DHerpes simplex virus type I
57How are viral warts most commonly transmitted?
- AIn water
- BBy sharing clothes or bedding
- CBy touching the wart and then touching areas of damaged skin
58Viral warts are often self-resolving. True or false?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
59Which of the following is not a treatment for viral warts?
- ADuct taping and filing down
- BSalicylic acid
- CCryotherapy
- DTopical antibiotics
60Tinea and roundworm are different skin conditions. True or false?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
61What is tinea caused by?
- AA bacteria
- BA virus
- CA fungus
62What is the usually given as treatment for tinea?
- ATopical anti-fungals
- BTopical antibiotics
- CEmollients
- DTopical corticosteroids
63Systemic treatment is never used for tinea infection. True or false?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
64What causes actinic keratosis?
- ASun exposure
- BBenign proliferation of melanocytes
- CHormonal over-stimulation
- DWear and tear of the skin over time
65In what age group is actinic keratosis most common?
- AOver sixties
- BForties to fifties
- CTeenagers
- DInfants
66Why must actinic keratosis be closely observed?
- ABecause it can develop into skin cancer
- BBecause as it increases in size it can become very painful
- CBecause if a person has more than three lesions they may have liver cirrhosis
67What skin cancer is actinic keratosis most likely to develop into?
- AMelanoma
- BSquamous cell carcinoma
- CBasal cell carcinoma
68What treatments are there for actinic keratosis?
- ACryptherapy
- BEmollients
- CTopical corticosteroids
- DSystemic retinoids
- EOral antibiotics
69Which type of skin cancer is considered to be the least serious?
- ABasal cell carcinoma
- BSquamous cell carcinoma
- CMelanoma
70Where on the body does basal cell carcinoma most commonly present?
- AHead and neck
- BHands and arms
- CTorso
- DAny sun exposed area
71What is the appearance of a basal cell carcinoma lesion?
- AShiny, translucent nodule
- BDark, asymmetrical lesion
- CInflamed, crater-shaped lesion
72Why is basal cell carcinoma not referred under the two week wait rule?
- ABecause it very rarely metastasizes
- BBecause nothing can be done to remove this cancer
- CBecause too many people get this type of cancer for the NHS to deal with
73Squamous cell carcinoma only arises from actinic keratosis. True or false?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
74What is squamous cell carcinoma caused by?
- ACumulative sun-exposure
- BOver stimulation by hormones
- CSmoking
- DSome recreational drugs
75What features of a skin lesion would make it suspicious?
- AOne solid colour only
- BAsymmetry
- CClear borders
- DDiameter bigger than 6mm
- EAdditional features, e.g. itching or bleeding
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre Common Dermatological Problems , creado por MPusey el 29/12/2014.
- Autor
- MPusey
- Idioma
- English
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