Test
Bio 103 - Midterm Study Guide (PT. 1)
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Preguntas del test (43)
1Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes; roots in many disciplines and countries; growing and globalizing.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
2What is the difference between "Nature vs. Nurture"?
- ANATURE is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors.
- BNURTURE is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception.
- CNURTURE is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors.
- DNATURE is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception.
- EThere is no difference between the two.
3Nurture works. . .
- A. . .on external factors.
- B. . .on what nature provides.
- C. . .on its own.
4Biological influences involve genetic predispositions, genetic mutations, natural selection of adaptive traits and behaviors, and genes responding to the environment.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
5Psychological influences do NOT involve learned fears, learned expectations, emotional responses, cognitive processing, and perceptual interpretations.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
6What are social-cultural influences?
- Apresence of others, cultural societal, and family expectations, peer and other group influences, compelling models
- Bgenetic predispositions, genetic mutations, natural selection of adaptive traits and behaviors, genes responding to the environment
- Clearned fears, learned expectations, emotional responses, cognitive processing, and perceptual interpretations
7What are the three Levels of Analysis? (The Biopsychosocial Approach)
- AEnvironmental Influence, Social Influence, Cultural Influence
- BBiological Influence, Psychological Influence, Social-Cultural Influence
- CBiological Influence, Psychological Influence, Familial Influence
8What are the three subfields of psychology?
- Acounseling, clinical, psychiatrist
- Bcounseling, psychiatrist, operational
- Cpsychiatrist, psychologist, operational
9What are the correct definitions of counseling, clinical, and psychiatric psychologists?
- ACLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY studies, assesses, but does not treat people with psychological disorders.
- BCOUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY is a branch that assists people with problems in living (school, work, marriage) and in achieving greater well-being.
- CCLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.
- DPSYCHIATRIC PSYCHOLOGY is a branch of medicine that deals primarily with behavioral disorders; and is not typically practiced by licensed physicians.
- EPSYCHIATRIC PSYCHOLOGY is a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy.
- FCOUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY is a branch that assists people with medical problems in living (physical trauma, post amputation, etc.) and in achieving greater quality of life.
10[blank_start]Basic Research[blank_end] is pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.
- ABasic Research
11[blank_start]Applied Research[blank_end] is scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.
- AApplied Research
12Critical thinking examines theories, rewrites the theories, uses personal opinions, and evaluates evidence solely off of the opinions formed by the examining scientist.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
13Which of the following is the correct way to conduct The Scientific Method (the method used by psychologists to conduct research)?
- Aiterate, test, make an observation, form a hypothesis, ask a question, make a prediction
- Bmake an observation, ask a question, form a hypothesis, make a prediction, test, iterate
- Cask a question, form a hypothesis, make an observation, test, make a prediction, iterate
14A [blank_start]theory[blank_end] is an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events. A [blank_start]hypothesis[blank_end] is a testable prediction, often implied by a theory.
- Ahypothesis
- Btheory
15A [blank_start]case study[blank_end] suggests fruitful ideas for future research, no generalizations, or universal truths. A [blank_start]survey[blank_end] is a self-reported data tool used to study participants and gather information about individuals. [blank_start]Natural observation[blank_end] often involves new technology, does not control all factors, and describes and sometimes illuminates, but does not explain behavior.
- Acase study
- Bsurvey
- CNaturalistic observation
16What is a positive correlation? A negative correlation?
- A(>0 to +1.00); (<0 to -1.00)
- B(<0 to -1.00); (>0 to +1.00);
17Description includes surveys and interviews; it is the best basis for generalizing because it forms a representative sample.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
18Correlations are a measure of the differences in physical appearance of two factors, and are used to determine whether or not these two factors are the same materials.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
19Correlation proves causation.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
20Experiments are meant for researchers to test a bunch of variables all at once to see what happens to them, variables are swapped and changed whenever it is necessary to the experiment.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
21Behavioral Science is defined as. . .
- A. . .an emphasis on human growth, and potential. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow focused on the need for love, acceptance, and an environment that nurtures or limits growth.
- B. . .behavior scientifically defined, conditioned, observed, and measured. It was founded by Watson and Rayner, who championed the scientific study of behavior with their "Little Albert" experiment; fear can be learned.
22Humanistic Perspective is defined as. . .
- A. . .behavior scientifically defined, conditioned, observed, and measured. It was founded by Watson and Rayner, who championed the scientific study of behavior with their "Little Albert" experiment; fear can be learned.
- B. . .an emphasis on human growth, and potential. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow focused on the need for love, acceptance, and an environment that nurtures or limits growth.
23[blank_start]SQ3R[blank_end] is a study method that uses the technique of survey, question, read, retrieve, review.
- ASQ3R
24Define learning.
- AThe process of acquiring through experience.
- BThe process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors.
- CThe processing of acquiring motor and neurological skills.
25[blank_start]Classical Conditioning[blank_end] is a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events, founded by [blank_start]Ivan Pavlov[blank_end].
- AClassical Conditioning
- BIvan Pavlov
26[blank_start]Operant Conditioning[blank_end] is a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher, associated with [blank_start]B.F. Skinner[blank_end].
- AOperant Conditioning
- BB.F. Skinner
27[blank_start]Observational Learning[blank_end] is when higher animals, especially humans, learn without direct experience by watching and imitating others, associated with [blank_start]Albert Bandura[blank_end] and his [blank_start]bobo doll[blank_end] experiment.
- AObservational Learning
- BAlbert Bandura
- Cbobo doll
28We learn by replication.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
29What is a Skinner Box?
- AAn operant chamber for experiments that includes a bar that an animal presses to release a reward of food or water, as well as a device that records these responses.
- BAn observational chamber for experiments that includes several dogs connected to saliva measuring devices. As a stimulant is presented, the dog begins to salivate in anticipation.
- CA small room that children are placed in after viewing an adult acting violently with a bobo doll. Once alone, the children will normally begin to mirror the adults actions, violently kicking and insulting the doll.
30[blank_start]Mirror Neurons[blank_end] are frontal lobe neurons that scientists believe fire when a person performs certain actions or observes another person doing so; they provide a neural basis for everyday imitation and observational learning.
- AMirror Neurons
- BObservational Neurons
- CStagnant Neurons
- DModeling Neurons
31Modeling is the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
32If prosocial modeling can have prosocial effects, antisocial modeling can have antisocial effects. What are examples of prosocial and antisocial modeling?
- AA child learns empathy by watching a children's show.
- BA woman's shoe breaks, and now she brings a second pair of shoes everywhere she goes.
- CA dog runs into a glass door, and becomes wary of it being closed.
- DAbusive parents may have aggressive children.
- EAn employee learns sales skills by copying their boss.
- FWatching violence may foster indifference in younger viewers.
- GSomeone mugs a man in a dark alley, and now he avoids them.
- HA child receives a candy bar for doing a good deed, so they repeat the good deeds in the hope of getting more.
33[blank_start]Punishment[blank_end] administers an undesirable consequence or withdraws something desirable to decrease the frequency of a behavior. A [blank_start]positive punishment[blank_end] affects behavior by presenting a negative consequence after an undesired behavior is exhibited, making that behavior less likely to happen in the future. A [blank_start]negative punishment[blank_end], removing a desired stimulus after a particular undesired behaviors is exhibited results in reducing that behavior in the future.
- APunishment
- Bpositive punishment
- Cnegative punishment
34[blank_start]Acquisition[blank_end] is the initial stage when one links a neural stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response.
- AAcquisition
- BExtinction
- CSpontaneous Recovery
- DGeneralization
- EDiscrimination
35[blank_start]Extinction[blank_end] is the diminishing of a conditioned response, occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus.
- AExtinction
36What is a reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response?
- Aacquisition
- Bextinction
- Cspontaneous recovery
- Dgeneralization
- Ediscrimination
37Generalization is the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus (which predicts the unconditioned stimulus) and other irrelevant stimuli.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
38Discrimination is the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus (which predicts the unconditioned stimulus) and other irrelevant stimuli.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
39A dog barked and then bit a child's leg. The child was very scared. When this child hears a dog bark again, they tremble with fear.
What is the neutral stimulus?- Aa dog barked
- Band then bit a child's leg
- Cthe child was very scared
- Dwhen the child hears a dog bark again
- Ethey tremble with fear
40A dog barked and then bit a child's leg. The child was very scared. When this child hears a dog bark again, they tremble with fear.
What is the unconditioned stimulus?- Aa dog barked
- Band then bit a child's leg
- Cthe child was very scared
- Dwhen this child hears a dog bark again
- Ethey tremble with fear
41A dog barked and then bit a child's leg. The child was very scared. When this child hears a dog bark again, they tremble with fear.
What is the unconditioned response?- Aa dog barked
- Band then bit a child's leg
- Cthe child was very scared
- Dwhen this child hears a dog bark again
- Ethey tremble with fear
42A dog barked and then bit a child's leg. The child was very scared. When this child hears a dog bark again, they tremble with fear.
What is the conditioned stimulus?- Aa dog barked
- Band then bit a child's leg
- Cthe child was very scared
- Dwhen this child hears a dog bark again
- Ethey tremble with fear
43A dog barked and then bit a child's leg. The child was very scared. When this child hears a dog bark again, they tremble with fear.
What is the conditioned response?- Aa dog barked
- Band then bit a child's leg
- Cthe child was very scared
- Dwhen this child hears a dog bark again
- Ethey tremble with fear
Información
- Descripción
- A midterm study guide for Biology 103. Chapter 1 and the Learning Chapter.
- Autor
- Ashley Spratlin
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 17
- Etiquetas
- Valoración
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