Test
FINC 5880 Mid-Term
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Preguntas del test (48)
1As a firm's sales grow, its current assets also tend to increase. For instance, as sales increase, the firm's inventories generally increase, and purchases of inventories result in more accounts payable. Thus, spontaneous liabilities that reduce AFN arise from transactions brought on by sales increases.
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2Firms pay a low interest rate on spontaneous liabilities so these funds are its cheapest source of capital. Consequently, the firm should make arrangements with its suppliers to use as much of this credit as possible.
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3A firm will use spontaneous funds to the extent possible; however, due to credit terms, contracts with workers, and tax laws there is little flexibility in their usage.
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4As long as a firm does not pay out 100% of its earnings, the firm's annual profit that is retained in the business (i.e., the addition to retained earnings) is another source of funds for a firm's expansion.
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5A rapid build-up of inventories normally requires additional financing, unless the increase is matched by an equally large decrease in some other asset.
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6A firm's AFN must come from external sources. Typical sources include short-term bank loans, long-term bonds, preferred stock, and common stock.
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7If a finn wants to maintain its ratios at their existing levels, then if it has a positive sales growth rate of any amount, it will require some amount of external funding.
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8To determine the amount of additional funds needed (AFN), you may subtract the expected increase in liabilities$, which represents a source of funds, from the sum of the expected increases in retained earnings and assets, both of which are uses of funds.
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9The capital intensity ratio is the amount of assets required per dollar of sales and it has a major impact on a firm's capital requirements.
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10One of the first steps in arriving at a firm's forecasted financial statements is a review of industry-average operating ratios relative to these same ratios for the firm to determine whether changes to the ratios need to be made.
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11Operating plans sketch out broad approaches for realization of the firm's strategic vision. These plans usually are developed for a period no longer than a I-year time horizon because detail is "lost" by extending out the time horizon by more than 1 year.
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12One of the necessary steps in the financial planning process is a forecast of financial statements under each alternative version of the operating plan in order to analyze the effects of different operating procedures on projected profits and financial ratios.
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13If a firm with a positive net worth is operating its fixed assets at full capacity, if its dividend payout ratio is 100%, and if it wants to hold all financial ratios constant, then for any positive growth rate in sales, it will require external financing.
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14A firm's profit margin is 5%, its debt/assets ratio is 56%, and its dividend payout ratio is 40%. If the firm is operating at less than full capacity, then sales could increase to some extent without the need for external funds, but if it is operating at full capacity with respect to all assets, including fixed assets, then any positive growth in sales will require some external financing.
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15Companies with relatively high assets-to-sales ratios require a relatively large amount of new assets for any given increase in sales; hence, they have a greater need for external financing. There are currently no alternatives for these types of firms to lower their asset requirements.
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16Firms with high capital intensity ratios have found ways to lower this ratio permitting them to achieve a given level of growth with fewer assets and consequently less external capital. For example, just-in-time inventory systems, multiple shifts for labor, and outsourcing production are all feasible ways for firms to reduce their capital intensity ratios.
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17Two firms with identical capital intensity ratios are generating the same amount of sales. However, Firm A is operating at full capacity,. while Firm Bis- operating below capacity. If the two firms expect tile same growth in sales during the next period, then Firm A is likely to need more additional funds than Firm B, other things held constant.
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18If a firm's capital intensity ratio (A0*/S0) decreases as sales increase, use of the AFN formula is likely to understate the amount of additional funds required, other things held constant.
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19The minimum growth rate that a firm can achieve with no access to external capital is called the firm's sustainable growth rate. It can be calculated by using the AFN equation with AFN equal to zero and solving for g.
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20The fact that long-term debt and common stock are raised infrequently and in large amounts lessens the need for the firm to forecast those accounts on a continual basis.
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21Which of the following statements is correct?
- AIf a company uses the residual dividend model to determine its dividend payments, dividends payout will tend to increase whenever its profitable investment opportunities increase.
- BThe stronger management thinks the clientele effect is, the more likely the firm is to adopt a strict version of the residual dividend model.
- CLarge stock repurchases financed by debt tend to increase earnings per share, but they also increase the firm's financial risk.
- DA dollar paid out to repurchase stock is taxed at the same rate as a dollar paid out in dividends. Thus, both companies and investors are indifferent between distributing cash through dividends and stock repurchase programs.
- EThe tax code encourages companies to pay dividends rather than retain earnings.
22Myron Gordon and John Lintner believe that the required return on equity increases as the dividend payout ratio is decreased. Their argument is based on the assumption that
- Ainvestors require that the dividend yield and capital gains yield equal a constant.
- Bcapital gains are taxed at a higher rate than dividends.
- Cinvestors view dividends as being less risky than potential future capital gains.
- Dinvestors value a dollar of expected capital gains more highly than a dollar of expected dividends because of the lower tax rate on capital gains.
- Einvestors are indifferent between dividends and capital gains.
23Which of the following should not influence a firm's dividend policy decision?
- AA strong preference by most shareholders for current cash income versus capital gains.
- BConstraints imposed by the firm's bond indenture.
- CThe fact that much of the firm's equipment has been leased rather than bought and owned
- DThe fact that Congress is considering changes in the tax law regarding the taxation of dividends versus capital gains.
- EThe firm's ability to accelerate or delay investment projects.
24Which of the following statements about dividend policies is correct?
- AOne reason that companies tend to avoid stock repurchases is that dividend payments are taxed at a lower rate than gains on stock repurchases.
- BOne advantage of dividend reinvestment plans is that they allow shareholders to avoid paying taxes on the dividends that they choose to reinvest.
- COne key advantage of a residual dividend policy is that it enables a company to follow a stable dividend policy.
- DThe clientele effect suggests that companies should follow a stable dividend policy.
- EModigliani and Miller argue that investors prefer dividends to capital gains because dividends are more certain than capital gains. They call this the "bird-in-the hand" effect.
25Which of the following would be most likely to lead to a decrease in a firm's dividend payout ratio?
- AIts access to the capital markets increases.
- BIts R&D efforts pay off, and it now has more high-return investment opportunities.
- CIts accounts receivable decrease due to a change in its credit policy.
- DIts stock price has increased over the last year by a greater percentage than the increase in the broad stock market averages.
- EIts earnings become more stable.
26An option is a contract that gives its holder the right to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price within a specified period of time.
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27The strike price is the price that must be paid for a share of common stock when it is bought by exercising a warrant.
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28The exercise value is the positive difference between the current price of the stock and the call option’s strike price. The exercise value is zero if the stock's price is below the strike price
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29The exercise value is also called the strike price, but this term is generally used when discussing convertibles rather than financial options.
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30As the price of a stock rises above the strike price, the value investors are willing to pay for a call option increases because both (1) the immediate capital gain that can be realized by exercising the option and (2) the likely exercise value of the option when it expires have both increased.
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31If the current price of a stock is below the strike price, then an option to buy the stock is worthless and will have a zero value.
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32If the market is in equilibrium, then an option must sell at a price that is exactly equal to the difference between the stock's current price and the option's strike price.
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33Since investors tend to dislike risk and like certainty, the more volatile a stock, the less valuable will be an option to purchase the stock, other things held constant.
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34Because of the time value of money, the longer before an option expires, the less valuable the option will be, other things held constant.
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35If we define the "premium" on an option to be the difference between the price at which an option sells and the exercise value (or the difference between the stock's current market price and the strike price), then we would expect the premium to increase as the stock price increases, other things held constant.
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36Because of the put-call parity relationship, under equilibrium conditions a put option on a stock must sell at exactly the same price as a call option on the stock, provided the strike prices for the put and call are the same.
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37If a company announces a change in its dividend policy from a zero target payout ratio to a 100% payout policy, this action could be expected to increase the value of long-term options (say 5-year options) on the firm's stock.
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38An option that gives the holder the right to sell a stock at a specified price at some future time is
- Aa put option.
- Ban out-of-the-money option.
- Ca naked option.
- Da covered option.
- Ea call option.
39Other things held constant, the value of an option depends on the stock's price, the risk-free rate, and the
- AVariability of the stock price.
- BOption's time to maturity.
- CStrike price.
- DAll of the above.
- ENone of the above.
40Which of the following statements is most correct, holding other things constant, for XYZ Corporation's traded call options?
- AThe higher the strike price on XYZ's options, the higher the option's price will be.
- BAssuming the same strike price, an XYZ call option that expires in one month will sell at a higher price than one that expires in three months.
- CIf XYZ's stock price stabilizes (becomes less volatile), then the price of its options will increase.
- DIf XYZ pays a dividend, then its option holders will not receive a cash payment, but the strike price of the option will be reduced by the amount of the dividend.
- EThe price of these call options is likely to rise if XYZ's stock price rises.
41BLW Corporation is considering the terms to be set on the options it plans to issue to its executives. Which of the following actions would decrease the value of the options, other things held constant?
- AThe exercise price of the option is increased.
- BThe life of the option is increased, i.e., the time until it expires is lengthened.
- CThe Federal Reserve takes actions that increase the risk-free rate.
- DBLW's stock price becomes more risky (higher variance).
- EBLW's stock price suddenly increases.
42Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
- ACall options give investors the right to sell a stock at a certain strike price before a specified date.
- BOptions typically sell for less than their exercise value.
- CLEAPS are very short-term options that were created relatively recently and now trade in the market.
- DAn option holder is not entitled to receive dividends unless he or she exercises their option before the stock goes ex dividend.
- EPut options give investors the right to buy a stock at a certain strike price before a specified date.
43An investor who writes standard call options against stock held in his or her portfolio is said to be selling what type of options?
- APut
- BNaked
- CCovered
- DOut-of-the-money
- EIn-the-money
44Cazden Motors' stock is trading at $30 a share. Call options on the company's stock are also available, some with a strike price of $25 and some with a strike price of $35. Both options expire in three months. Which of the following best describes the value of these options?
- AThe options with the $25 strike price will sell for less than the options with the $35 strike price.
- BThe options with the $25 strike price have an exercise value greater than $5.
- CThe options with the $35 strike price have an exercise value greater than $0.
- DIf Cazden's stock price rose by $5, the exercise value of the options with the $25 strike price would also increase by $5.
- EThe options with the $25 strike price will sell for $5.
45Braddock Construction Co.'s stock is trading at $20 a share. Call options that expire in three months with a strike price of $20 sell for $1.50. Which of the following will occur if the stock price increases 10%, to $22 a share?
- AThe price of the call option will increase by more than $2.
- BThe price of the call option will increase by less than $2, and the percentage increase in price will be less than 10%.
- CThe price of the call option will increase by less than $2, but the percentage increase in price will be more than 10%.
- DThe price of the call option will increase by more than $2, but the percentage increase in price will be less than 10%.
- EThe price of the call option will increase by $2.
46Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
- ACall options generally sell at a price greater than their exercise value, and the greater the exercise value, the higher the premium on the option is likely to be.
- BCall options generally sell at a price below their exercise value, and the greater the exercise value, the lower the premium on the option is likely to be.
- CCall options generally sell at a price below their exercise value, and the lower the exercise value, the lower the premium on the option is likely to be.
- DBecause of the put-call parity relationship, under equilibrium conditions a put option on a stock must sell at exactly the same price as a call option on the stock.
- EIf the underlying stock does not pay a dividend, it does not make good economic sense to exercise a call option prior to its expiration date, even if this would yield an immediate profit.
47Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
- ACall options generally sell at a price less than their exercise value.
- BIf a stock becomes riskier (more volatile), call options on the stock are likely to decline in value.
- CCall options generally sell at prices above their exercise value, but for an in-the-money option, the greater the exercise value in relation to the strike price, the lower the premium on the option is likely to be.
- DBecause of the put-call parity relationship, under equilibrium conditions a put option on a stock must sell at exactly the same price as a call option on the stock.
- EIf the underlying stock does not pay a dividend, it makes good economic sense to exercise a call option as soon as the stock's price exceeds the strike price by about 10%, because this permits the option holder to lock in an immediate profit.
48Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
- AAs the stock's price rises, the time value portion of an option on a stock increases because the difference between the price of the stock and the fixed strike price increases.
- BIssuing options provides companies with a low cost method of raising capital.
- CThe market value of an option depends in part on the option's time to maturity and also on the variability of the underlying stock's price.
- DThe potential loss on an option decreases as the option sells at higher and higher prices because the profit margin gets bigger.
- EAn option's value is determined by its exercise value, which is the market price of the stock less its striking price. Thus, an option can't sell for more than its exercise value.
Información
- Descripción
- Advanced corporate finance mid-term prep quiz questions
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- AHP1891
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- English
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