Test
Physio Exam 1
Preguntas del test (61)
1Which of the following is responsible in a feedback system for comparing the rate of activity or the level of product to a set point for the body?
- ASensor
- BIntegrator
- CEffector
2Which of the following is an example of antagonistic competition?
- ASodium flurooacetate creating flurocitrate which binds to aconitase instead of it's normal ligand, citrate, and inhibiting the enzyme
- BPhosphorylating the enzyme pyruvate kinase, inhibiting the enzyme until a phosphatase reactivates it later
- CAMP binding to phosphofructokinase-1 which helps activate the enzyme in times of low energy
- DMorphine binding to opiod receptors in the body, producing the same effects but binding instead of the natural opiods the body produces
3Which of the following is an example of how the body can endogenously provide its own molecular building blocks?
- Adiet
- Bsymbiotic organisms (natural flora)
- Cde novo synthesis
4Monosaccharides are held together with...
- AGlycosidic bonds
- BEster bonds
- CPeptide bonds
- DPhosphodiester bonds
- EHydrogen bonds
- FCovalent bonds
5Which of the following protein structures include alpha-helices and beta-sheets?
- Aprimary
- Bsecondary
- Ctertiary
- Dquaternary
6Which of the following is not a function of nucleic acids and a proteins? (not a function of both?)
- AStructure
- BCatalyst
- CChemical messengers
- DSolubility barrier
7What bonds hold DNA structures together (double helix)?
- APhosphodiester bonds
- BPeptide bonds
- CHydrogen bonds
- DCovalent bonds
- EEster bonds
- FGlycosidic bonds
8The difference of a cell based on the location that you are in in the cell is referred to as
- ASize
- BPolarity
- CResponsiveness
- DDifferentiation
9Which of these abilities is special to stem cells?
- AAbility to self renew
- BAbility to differentiate into specialized cells
- CNeither
- DBoth
10Which of the following is an example of an active symport transportation?
- AGlucose moving across the membrane
- BNa/K pump
- CNa/amino acid transporter
- DATP Synthase
11What organelle's outside membrane is continuous with rough ER?
- ANucleus
- BRibosomes
- CGolgi Apparatus
- DLysosomes
12Polyribosomes are...
- Amultiple ribosomes attached to 1 strand of mRNA, responsible for creating proteins to be sent outside the cell
- Bmultiple ribosomes attached to the rough ER, responsible for intracellular proteins
- Cmultiple ribosomes attached to rough ER, responsible for creating proteins to be sent outside of the cell
- Dmultiple ribosomes attached to 1 strand of mRNA, responsible for intracellular proteins
13What is responsible for the addition of carbohydrate chains to proteins or for multi-subunit protein assembly?
- ARough ER
- BGolgi Apparatus
- CSmooth ER
- DRibosomes
14Which of the following aids in defending against infections?
- AVacuoles
- BGolgi Apparatus
- CLysosomes
- DRibosomes
15What are the products of glycolysis?
- A2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ATP
- B2 pyruvate, 1 NADH, 1 ATP
- C3 NADH, 2 CO2, 1 GTP, 1 FADH2
- D4 NADH, 2 CO2, 1 GTP, 2 FADH2
16What are the products of Krebs Cycle?
- A2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ATP
- B2 pyruvate, 1 NADH, 1 ATP
- C3 NADH, 2 CO2, 1 GTP, 1 FADH2
- D4 NADH, 2 CO2, 1 GTP, 2 FADH2
17What does adenylate cyclase do?
- Aconvert ATP to ADP
- Bconvert ATP to AMP
- Cconvert 2 ADPs to AMP
- Dconvert ATP to cAMP
18During oderant signaling, what happens to depolarize the membrane?
- Aopening of Na/Ca2+ channels
- Bopening of Cl- channels
- COpening of Na/K pumps
- DOpening of Na/Ca2+ channels AND Cl- channels
- EOpening of Na/K pumps AND Cl- channels
19Which of the following will inactivate the oderant signal?
- Ahydrolysis of cAMP
- Bhydrolysis of AMP
- CRestoration of potassium ions
- Dphosphorylation of adenylate cyclase
20What is different about estrogen and glucocorticoid signalling?
- A1) it uses ligand-activated transcription factors
- B2) It doesn't go through GPCR
- C3) It bypasses external protein receptors
- D1) and 2)
- E2) and 3)
- FAll of the above
21What is VEGF used in response to?
- AIt is used to relax contracted respiratory muscles
- BIt is used to maintain and expand the capacity of vascular systems
- CIt is used to regulate fluid and electrolyte balance
- Dit is used to regulate appetite
22What best describes the pathway for VEGF?
- AGPCR activates AC which produces cAMP which activates ion channels that allow for depolarization
- Btyrosine kinase is activated and phosphorylates intracellular proteins which leads to an increase in calcium and an activation of transcription factors
- CGPCR is activated which leads to an activation of AC which leads to cAMP increases that activate kinases that leads to a drop in calcium
23What leads to the muscle relaxation in the pathway following epinephrine binding to GPCR?
- Adrop in calcium
- Bdecrease in cAMP
- Cdephosphorylation of muscle proteins
- Dopening of Cl- channels
24In the ADH pathway, what does the activation of protein kinases lead to?
- Aphosphorylation of muscle cells
- BRelease of growth hormone
- Ctranscription of aquaporin-2 gene
- Dopening of ion channels
25What does the release of intracellular calcium in the ghrelin pathway ultimately lead to?
- Amuscle contraction
- Bthe release of GH (growth hormone)
- Cdepolarization of the membrane
- Dinflux of water
26What do sequential phosphorylation by MEK/ERK pathways activate?
- ARNA polymerase
- Bmuscle contraction
- Ctranscription factors
- Dopening of ion channels
27Myc and fos are activated by which receptor?
- AGrowth factor receptor
- BVEGF
- CVasopressin 2
28What occurs during G1 phase?
- Achromosomes are replicated
- Btranscription ceases
- CATP is restored in preparation of distribution of chromosomes and organelles
- DATP is accumulated while the cell grows in size
29What are cyclins/Cdk important in?
- A1) transitioning between phases in the cell cycle
- B2) acting as an aid in the "checkpoints" for the cell cycle
- C3) phosphorylating the checkpoints in the cell cycle
- D1 and 2
- E2 and 3
- Fall of the above
30What are mitogens?
- A1) growth factors that promote entry into the cell cycle
- B2) signalling agents that increase cyclin D gene expression
- C3) signalling agents that prevent cyclin D breakdown
- D1) and 2)
- E2) and 3)
- FAll of the above
31What ability does RNA polymerase have that differs from other polymerases?
- AThe ability to transcribe several different RNA strands at once
- BThe ability to detect and repair mismatches
- CThe ability to attach directly to ribosomes
- DThe ability to synthesize both DNA and RNA
32Which of the following is not a consequence of DNA damage?
- ADNA repair
- BCell Cycle arrest
- CTranscription of an incorrect protein leading to protein repair
- DApoptosis/Necrosis
- ECell Growth
33How is the endonuclease enzyme used in DNA repair?
- AIt flanks the site of the DNA damage to help isolate it
- BIt clips out the DNA via dual incision
- CIt fills the gap with correctly paired bases
- DIt recognizes the damage and alerts the rest of the cell
34Which of the following properties of a muscle refers to the muscle's ability to stretch beyond its normal resting length to a certain degree?
- AContractility
- BExcitability
- CExtensibility
- DElasticity
35What is the best example of parallel-elastic component in a single muscle system?
- AThe tendons lying next to the muscle
- BThe sarcolemma of the muscle
- CThe agonist muscle of a system
- DThe antagonist muscle of a system
36What forms the multinucleated synctium?
- Amyofibrils merging to form myoblasts
- Bmyoblasts merging to form myotubes
- Cmyofibrils merging to form myotubes
- Dmyoblasts merging to form myofibrils
37What is the midpoint of the sarcomere?
- AA band
- BI band
- CH zone
- DM line
- EZ line
38What is the length of the thick filaments?
- AH zone
- BI band
- CA band
- DM line
- EZ line
39What is the distance between adjacent thick filaments in a sarcomere called?
- AM line
- BA band
- CI band
- DZ lines
- EH zone/band
40What is the lines in the middle of the I bands that form the ends of the sarcomere?
- AH zone
- BZ lines
- CI band
- DA band
- EM line
41What is the region in between thin filaments?
- AH zone
- BZ lines
- CI band
- DA band
- EM line
42What is the purpose of alpha-actinin?
- ATo attach thin filaments to Z lines
- Bto act as a template for the formation of the thin filament
- Cto connect thick filaments to Z lines
- Dto prevent the sarcomere from being pulled apart
43What is the purpose of nebulin?
- ATo act as a template for formation of the thin filament
- BTo attach thin filaments to Z lines
- CTo connect thick filaments to Z lines
- DTo prevent the sarcomere from being pulled apart during muscle stretching
44What prevents the sarcomere from being pulled apart during muscle stretching and also anchors the thick filaments to the Z line?
- Aalpha-actinin
- Bnebulin
- Ctitin
45What allows for the myosin head to attach to the actin?
- Aincrease in calcium
- Bdissociation of ADP and P from the myosin head
- Cthe binding of ADP and P to the myosin head
46The dissociation of ADP and P from the myosin head allows the myosin head to do what?
- Aallows the myosin head to attach to actin
- Ballows the myosin head to undergo a power stroke, which moves the actin muscle through a contraction
- Callows the myosin head to reattach to the actin filament
47What allows the myosin head to detach from the actin filament?
- Athe presence of calcium
- Bthe dissociation of ADP and P
- Cthe reattachment of ADP and P
48What does aponeurosis refer to?
- ADead muscle
- BDead skin
- CA very broad tendon
- DA very small tendon
49What does an agonist muscle do?
- AA muscle that produces an action when it contracts
- BIt relaxes when the prime mover contracts, acting in opposition
- CIt provides elastic support for the prime mover
50An influx of sodium will lead to a...
- Adepolarization
- Brepolarization
- Chyperpolarization
51The resting membrane potential is _____________ compared to the outside.
- Anegative
- Bpositive
52A motor unit is...
- Aa single muscle fiber
- Ba muscle neuron
- Ca muscle neuron and all of its attached fibers
- Da muscle fiber and all of its attached neurons
53What does the binding of ACh enact in a muscle cell?
- AThe release of sodium
- BThe release of chlorine
- CThe release of potassium
- DThe release of calcium
54What is DHPR responsible for?
- Areceiving ACh
- Bopening in response to membrane depolarization and activating RyR
- Cactivating SERCA and allowing for the uptake of calcium
- Dallowing the action potential to enter the muscle cell
- Eopening the sarcoplasmic reticulum and releasing calcium into the cell
55Isotonic is...
- Aa contraction of a constant load
- Ba contraction of a constant length
56High myosin ATPase activity, high shortening velocity, and rapid fatigue are common of which types of fibers?
- Afast
- Bslow
- Coxidative
- Dglycolytic
57Low intensity exercise affects...
- Aglycolytic fibers
- Boxidative fibers
58Atrophy of muscles is a result of all of the following except
- Aaging
- Bdisease
- Cinactivity
- Ddiet
59Every third amino acid in collagen is...
- Aglycine
- Blysine
- Cproline
- Dglutamine
60Procollagen is...
- Aa regulatory protein of water
- Ba carb that provides lubrication and spacing between fibers
- Ca peptide needed to inhibit the self-assembly of collagen molecule they are exported out of the cell
- Da shock absorber for collagen
61Healing a tendon results in all of the following except
- Aincreased vascularity
- Bcollagen degeneration
- Ccollagen organization
- Dfibroblast proliferation
Información
- Descripción
- for the first physio exam
- Autor
- meredithlnrd
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 145
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- Valoración
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