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Biology Chapter 7 Test Review
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Preguntas del test (37)
1The two main divisions of the skeleton (in alphabetical order):
[blank_start]appendicular[blank_end] skeleton
[blank_start]axial[blank_end] skeleton- Aappendicular
- Baxial
2Name two types of bones in the head (alphabetical order):
[blank_start]craium[blank_end]
[blank_start]facial[blank_end] bones- Acraium
- Bfacial
3What are the bones in the spine called?
[blank_start]vertebrae[blank_end]- Avertebrae
4Put the bones in the right categories. (alphabetical order)
HEAD (CRANIUM): [blank_start]frontal[blank_end] bones, [blank_start]occipital[blank_end] bones, [blank_start]parietal[blank_end] bones, [blank_start]temporal[blank_end] bones
HEAD (FACIAL BONES): [blank_start]mandible[blank_end], [blank_start]maxillary[blank_end] bones, [blank_start]palatine[blank_end] bones
SPINE: [blank_start]coccyx[blank_end], [blank_start]sacrum[blank_end], [blank_start]vertebrae[blank_end]- Afrontal
- Boccipital
- Cparietal
- Dtemporal
- Emandible
- Fmaxillary
- Gpalatine
- Hcoccyx
- Isacrum
- Jvertebrae
5What are the 5 regions of the vertebral column (in order from top to bottom):
[blank_start]cervical[blank_end], [blank_start]thoracic[blank_end], [blank_start]lumbar[blank_end], [blank_start]pelvic (sacral)[blank_end], and [blank_start]caudal (coccygeal)[blank_end]- Acervical
- Bthoracic
- Clumbar
- Dpelvic (sacral)
- Ecaudal (coccygeal)
6Which vertebrae are in your neck?
- Acervical
- Bthoracic
- Clumbar
7Which vertebrae are in your lower back?
- Acervical
- Blumbar
- Cthoracic
8Match the bones with the location in the body.
[blank_start]Scapulae[blank_end] and [blank_start]clavicles[blank_end] are in your shoulders (pectoral girdle).
[blank_start]Pelvic[blank_end] bones (connected at the rear by the sacrum) are in you hips (pelvic girdle).
The [blank_start]humerus[blank_end], [blank_start]ulna[blank_end], and [blank_start]radius[blank_end] are in your arms.
The [blank_start]carpals[blank_end], [blank_start]metacarpals[blank_end], and [blank_start]phalanges[blank_end] are in your hands and wrists.- AScapulae
- Bclavicles
- CPelvic
- Dhumerus
- Eulna
- Fradius
- Gcarpals
- Hmetacarpals
- Iphalanges
9Match the bones with the location in the body.
[blank_start]Scapulae[blank_end] and clavicles are in your shoulders (pectoral girdle).
[blank_start]Pelvic[blank_end] bones (connected at the rear by the sacrum) are in you hips (pelvic girdle).
The [blank_start]humerus[blank_end], [blank_start]ulna[blank_end], and [blank_start]radius[blank_end] are in your arms.
The [blank_start]carpals[blank_end], [blank_start]metacarpals[blank_end], and [blank_start]phalanges[blank_end] are in your hands and wrists
The [blank_start]femur[blank_end], [blank_start]patella[blank_end], [blank_start]fibula[blank_end] and [blank_start]tibia[blank_end] are in your legs.- AScapulae
- BPelvic
- Chumerus
- Dulna
- Eradius
- Fcarpals
- Gmetacarpals
- Hphalanges
- Ifemur
- Jpatella
- Kfibula
- Ltibia
10Name the four categories of bones based on their shape (in alphabetical order):
[blank_start]flat[blank_end] bones
[blank_start]irregular[blank_end] bones
[blank_start]long[blank_end] bones
[blank_start]short[blank_end] bones- Aflat
- Birregular
- Clong
- Dshort
11Name the parts of a long bone:
[blank_start]epiphysis[blank_end] (bulged ends),
[blank_start]diaphysis[blank_end] (shaft),
[blank_start]periosteum[blank_end] (protective sheath),
[blank_start]articular[blank_end] cartilage, and
internal parts such as compact bone, [blank_start]spongy[blank_end] bone medullary cavity and [blank_start]marrow[blank_end].- Aepiphysis
- Bdiaphysis
- Cperiosteum
- Darticular
- Espongy
- Fmarrow
12Six types of freely moveable (synovial) joints are: (alphabetical)
[blank_start]ball[blank_end]-and-socket,
ellipsoid (condyloid),
[blank_start]gliding[blank_end],
[blank_start]hinge[blank_end],
[blank_start]pivot[blank_end], and
saddle.- Ahinge
- Bball
- Cgliding
- Dpivot
13Correctly label the type of joints.
- ABall-and-socket joint
- BGliding joint
- CPivot joint
- DEllipsoid joint
- EHinge joint
- FSaddle joint
14Name two types of arthritis:
o.... = [blank_start]osteoarthritis[blank_end]
rh.... = [blank_start]rheumatoid[blank_end] arthritis- Aosteoarthritis
- Brheumatoid
15Name 3 major types of muscle tissue:
c... = [blank_start]cardiac[blank_end]
sk.... = [blank_start]skeletal[blank_end]
sm.... = [blank_start]smooth[blank_end]- Acardiac
- Bskeletal
- Csmooth
16Correctly label the muscles in the arm and chest.
1. on the shoulder area
2. back of the upper arm
3. top/front of the upper arm
4. chest area
- ADeltoid
- BTriceps brachii
- CBiceps brachii
- DPectoralis major
17Correctly label the muscles in the head and neck.
- ASternocleidomastoid
- BTemporalis
- CMasseter
- DTrapezius
18Correctly label muscles in the legs and buttocks.
- AGluteus maximus
- BHamstrings
- CGastrocnemius (calves)
19Correctly label the muscles in the legs
- AQuadriceps femoris
- BSartorius
- CTibialis anterior
20Correctly label the muscles in your abdomen
- APectoralis major
- BRectus abdominus
- CExternal oblique
- DDeltoid muscle
21Correctly label muscles in the back.
- ALatissimus dorsi
- BErector spinae
- CTrapezius
- DDeltoid
22What do you call the muscles in between your ribs?
- AIntercostal muscles
23Why is the thoracic cage important?
It [blank_start]protects[blank_end] the vital organs of the thoracic cavity, such as the [blank_start]heart[blank_end] and [blank_start]lungs[blank_end].
Also, the expansion and contraction of the thoracic cage aids in [blank_start]breathing[blank_end].- Aprotects
- Bheart
- Clungs
- Dbreathing
24Explain how the design of the ulna and radius allows you to rotate your hand.
The ulna is attached firmly to the [blank_start]humerus[blank_end] by a strong, hinge-like joint.
The radius is attached to the [blank_start]humerus[blank_end] and ulna by a weaker but more [blank_start]moveable[blank_end] joint that allows it to [blank_start]rotate[blank_end] around the ulna.
When you rotate your hand, the ulna does not [blank_start]rotate[blank_end] but remains fixed relative to the humerus; the radius and the hand [blank_start]rotate[blank_end] around pivots on the ulna.
- Ahumerus
- Bhumerus
- Cmoveable
- Drotate
- Erotate
- Frotate
25How do the structures of compact bone and spongy bone differ?
[blank_start]Compact[blank_end] bone is strong and dense and give a bone great [blank_start]strength[blank_end] and rigidity.
[blank_start]Spongy[blank_end] bone is lightweight and [blank_start]porous[blank_end] and consists of an intricate network of tiny struts and girders.- ACompact
- BSpongy
- Cstrength
- Dporous
26List the functions of bone marrow.
[blank_start]Red[blank_end] marrow manufactures [blank_start]blood[blank_end] cells.
[blank_start]Yellow[blank_end] marrow stores [blank_start]fats[blank_end].- ARed
- BYellow
- Cblood
- Dfats
27How does physical exercise affect bones?
Physical exercise causes bones to become bigger, denser and [blank_start]stronger[blank_end].- Astronger
28Describe how bone cells repair a fracture.
Bleeding from broken [blank_start]blood[blank_end] vessels is stopped by blood [blank_start]clots[blank_end]. New blood [blank_start]vessels[blank_end] form.
Special cells form a mass of [blank_start]cartilage[blank_end] that eventually spans the break.
Osteoclasts absorb remaining [blank_start]bone[blank_end] fragments.
Osteoblasts replace the cartilage with [blank_start]spongy[blank_end] bone, connecting the broken ends more firmly.
Osteoclasts and osteoblasts replace the spongy bone with [blank_start]compact[blank_end] bone and restore the bone to its original shape.- Ablood
- Bclots
- Cvessels
- Dcartilage
- Ebone
- Fspongy
- Gcompact
29Explain how a muscle fiber contracts.
A muscle fiber contains millions of overlapping [blank_start]protein[blank_end] fibers (thick filaments of myosin and thin filaments of actin) arranged in repeating units called sarcomeres.
Muscle contractions are triggered by the [blank_start]nervous[blank_end] system.
When the muscle is stimulated to contract, the myosin and actin filaments work together like winches and [blank_start]cables[blank_end] to shorten the cell.- Aprotein
- Bnervous
- Ccables
30What is meant by the all-or-none principle of muscle fiber contraction?
When a muscle cell is stimulated to contract, it does so [blank_start]completely[blank_end] and then relaxes [blank_start]completely[blank_end] until another nerve impulse reaches it.- Acompletely
- Bcompletely
31How does physical exercise affect muscles?
Proper exercise helps prevent muscle [blank_start]atrophy[blank_end] and keeps muscles [blank_start]strong[blank_end] and healthy. Exercise stimulates the growth of muscles cells, the development of more blood [blank_start]vessels[blank_end], and a greater blood [blank_start]supply[blank_end] within muscle tissue. It also develops good muscle [blank_start]tone[blank_end].- Aatrophy
- Bstrong
- Cvessels
- Dsupply
- Etone
32Why does the spine of an adult have seven fewer bones than the spine of an infant?
An infant's [blank_start]sacrum[blank_end] consists of five separate vertebrae, and an infant's [blank_start]coccyx[blank_end] consists of four separate vertebrae. In adults, these [blank_start]nine[blank_end] bones are fused into two large bones, the sacrum and the coccyx.- Asacrum
- Bcoccyx
- Cnine
33How do the two primary substances that compose bone tissue provide the ability to resist both crushing and pulling forces?
[blank_start]Hydroxyapatite[blank_end] is very [blank_start]rigid[blank_end] and allows bone tissue to withstand great [blank_start]crushing[blank_end] forces.
[blank_start]Collagen[blank_end] fibers are tough and [blank_start]resilient[blank_end] and help prevent the mineral crystals from being pulled away from each other, allowing the bone to resist great [blank_start]pulling[blank_end] forces.- AHydroxyapatite
- Bcrushing
- CCollagen
- Dresilient
- Epulling
- Frigid
34How is the process by which fractures are repaired similar to the process by which bones are constructed in the first place?
When a child is developing in his mother's womb, special cells construct the forms of the bones out of [blank_start]cartilage[blank_end] or membrane material. When these cartilage [blank_start]forms[blank_end] are complete, [blank_start]osteoblasts[blank_end] begin to move through them, [blank_start]replacing[blank_end] the cartilage with [blank_start]bone[blank_end].
When a broken bone is being [blank_start]healed[blank_end], special cells form a mass of cartilage that [blank_start]spans[blank_end] the break. Osteoblasts then move [blank_start]through[blank_end] the cartilage, replacing it with bone.- Acartilage
- Bforms
- Costeoblasts
- Dreplacing
- Ebone
- Fhealed
- Gspans
- Hthrough
35Why do muscles in the eye and larynx have a higher ratio of nerve fibers to muscle cells than do muscles of the limbs and back?
Movements of the eyes and [blank_start]larynx[blank_end] require relatively little [blank_start]strength[blank_end] but great [blank_start]precision[blank_end]. As a result, the muscles of the eyes and larynx contain only a few [blank_start]muscle cells[blank_end] per motor unit, resulting in a [blank_start]high[blank_end] ratio of [blank_start]nerve[blank_end] fibers to muscle fibers.
Movements of the limbs and [blank_start]back[blank_end] require [blank_start]more[blank_end] strength but less precision than eye and larynx movements. Therefore, the muscles of the limbs and back have many more muscle cells per motor unit, resulting in a [blank_start]lower[blank_end] ratio of nerve fibers to [blank_start]muscle[blank_end] fibers.- Aprecision
- Bstrength
- Cnerve
- Dmuscle
- Emore
- Flower
- Ghigh
- Hmuscle cells
- Ilarynx
- Jback
36How can the arrangement of motor units in a muscle provide the muscle with both dexterity and strength?
Most large muscles contain motor units with [blank_start]varying[blank_end] numbers of muscle fibers.
When fine dexterity is needed, the brain activates the motor units with the [blank_start]fewest[blank_end] muscle fibers, allowing [blank_start]more control[blank_end].
When strength is needed, the brain activates the motor units with [blank_start]more muscle fibers[blank_end], providing [blank_start]more strength[blank_end] but less [blank_start]dexterity[blank_end].- Avarying
- Bfewest
- Cmore control
- Dmore muscle fibers
- Emore strength
- Fdexterity
37Why is physical exercise vital for healthy muscles?
The size and efficiency of a muscle will not remain [blank_start]stable[blank_end] without physical [blank_start]activity[blank_end].
Muscles are designed to be [blank_start]used[blank_end] and will [blank_start]atrophy[blank_end] without proper exercise.
[blank_start]Proper exercise[blank_end] can keep your muscles [blank_start]strong[blank_end] and healthy for many years.
Exercise is also necessary for good [blank_start]muscle tone[blank_end].- Astable
- Bactivity
- Cused
- Datrophy
- Estrong
- Fmuscle tone
- GProper exercise
Información
- Descripción
- Chapter 7 Review
- Autor
- Kelda Brenny
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 138
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