Test
203: LECT 6
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Preguntas del test (19)
1Which features of ionising radiation is incorrect?
- AX/gamma rays have energy to break bonds.
- BDamage to DNA bases.
- CWater is the main target for ionising radiation.
- DWater breaks into H and OH radical with OH and ionising radiation go on to break DNA strands.
2What are all the effects of death of endothelial cells
- AUlceration
- BScarring
- CAtrophy (shrinkage) of surrounding tissue
- DInflammation and chronic pain
3Which is not a feature of UV radiation to damage of DNA?
- ADamage to DNA bases where adjacent C-T become linked.
- BThe DNA strand will break.
- CMisrepair generates C to T point mutations leading to cancer development
- DMore damage leads to death of keratinocytes (peeling sunburn)
4The chemical factor to damage to DNA -Alkylation is:
- AFungal product aflatoxin B1 accumulates in poorly stored food (in underdeveloped countries).
- BMetabolites react covalently (alkylate) with proteins to cause liver injury ; acutely at high doses.
- CMetabolites alkylate DNA hence G to T mutations = liver cancer= chronic and low doses.
- DFolic acid further damages the DNA.
- EThe crystals puncture the membranes.
5Which is a feature of biological dietary deficiency - DNA?
- AAutoimmune gastritis lack intrinsic factor prevents B12 absorption.
- BProteins cause liver injury acutely
- CInflammasomes generate severe inflammation.
- DHydrogen peroxide will be detoxifed to catalase to oxygen and water.
6Which is not a feature of chemical damage to lipids?
- ACells take up crystals into lysosomes.
- BCrystals puncture lysosome membrane.
- CDamaged mitochondria cannot reduce oxygen completely.
- DInflammasomes activated.
7ROS and RNS are not free radicals?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
8Which is not an oxidative reaction in the chemical factor of damage to lipids?
- ASuperoxide (O2-) - detoxed by superoxide dismutase
- BHydrogen peroxide - detoxed by catalase
- COxygen therapy - exposure to premature babies
- DHydroxyl radical - OH.
9Which of these does not contribute to injury of cell via ROS?
- AOxygen therapy
- BInflammation
- CMegablastic anaemia
- DDamaged mitochondria
- EUV radiation
- FRadiotherapy
10How does acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis occur?
Biological lipase factor- AProteolytic cleavage of ECM proteins
- BThe p53 transcription factor
- CDamage to exocrine cells which synthesise digestive enzymes or block ducts that these enzymes travel to duodenum by
- DProlonged heat exposure
11Which is not a consequence of heat exposure in proteins?
- AHigh fever
- BHeat stroke
- CMalignant hyperthermia
- DAcute haemorrhagic pancreatitis
12Is the Maillard reaction the enzymatic addition of sugars to proteins?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
13Which of the following is not a result of the reaction occurring between reducing sugars and amino groups?
- AReversible early stage Schiff bases
- BIrreversible rearrangements to Amadori products.
- CFurther rearrangements to advanced glycation end products (AGE).
- DNrf transcription factors.
14How do AGE injure cells?
- AInhibit protein function
- BCross linking and precipitating proteins (blocking axon transport in neurons)
- CGenerating ROS
- DBinding to receptors of AGE (RAGE) on vascular and inflammatory cells that reduce blood flow and cause inflammation.
- EThe enzymatic addition of sugars to proteins.
15Does AGE accumulate during ageing, diabetes, and chronic inflammation?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
16When and where does proteolytic cleavage occur during inflammation when proteins are damaged?
Biological factor- ACollagen in arthritis
- BElastin in emphysema
- CLaminin during cancer invasion
- DBlood vessel damage behind eye during retinopathy
17Which factor does acute intracellular oedema (hydropic change) not affect the cells regulation of ion concentration in cytoplasm?
- APlasma membranes permeable to Na+ hence K+ leaks out (Na+ in) hence cell swells.
- BATP synthesis disrupted, Na+/K+ ATPase inhibited
- CNa+ pump damaged
- DCell shrinks due to excess water loss
18Does abnormalities in capacity of cells to recycle components result in the non-accumulation of products such as fat and glycogen?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
19When there are fatty changes in liver cell what does not happen when the triglycerides accumulate?
- AIn normal liver cells they cannot metabolise increased fatty acids conc. coming from adipose tissue (diabetes)
- BIn abnormal liver cells they have a decreased ability to oxidise fatty acids (alcohol damage)
- CIn abnormal liver cells have decreased ability to export triglycerides compounded with lipid-acceptor proteins i.e. VLDL leading to malnutrition, kwashiorkor - not enough proteins and more fat.
- DIn normal liver cells they cannot transport more of the fat from the tissue to urine and therefore leading to blockage.
Información
- Descripción
- Cell injury and reversible effects on cells.
- Autor
- Kaaj Pala
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 27
- Etiquetas
- Valoración
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